A clinical research study on the respective relationships between visfatin and human fetuin A and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveThe aim was to determine the role of visfatin (VF) and human fetuin A (AHSG) in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to explore the association between these variables and adverse outcomes.Materials and methodsWe carried out our study on 68 cases of GDM pregnant women and 42 cases of healthy pregnant women, including 56 cases with diet control and 12 cases with insulin treatment. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to test the expression levels of VF and AHSG in maternal and umbilical cord serum. Immunohistochemistry (ICH) was used to test the expression level of the VF protein in placental tissue.ResultsThe expression levels of VF and AHSG in maternal and umbilical cord serum and the expression level of VF in placental tissue in GDM pregnant women were higher than those in healthy pregnant women. The incidence of adverse outcomes in the GDM pregnant women was higher than that in healthy pregnant women, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Those who had higher expression levels of VF or AHSG had a higher incidence of adverse outcomes (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe expression of VF and AHSG may participate in the development of GDM. A test of VF and AHSG in GDM pregnant women may have some predictive value for the occurrence of adverse outcomes.     

大黄酸精氨酸预防大鼠实验性肠粘连抗炎机制的研究

目的研究大黄酸精氨酸预防大鼠实验性肠粘连的作用并探讨其抗炎机制。方法取雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为6组:正常对照组、模型组、地塞米松组和大黄酸精氨酸低、中、高剂量组。除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠均制备肠粘连模型。正常对照组和模型组腹腔注射生理盐水,地塞米松组腹腔注射地塞米松磷酸钠(10mg·kg-1),大黄酸精氨酸低、中、高剂量组腹腔注射大黄酸精氨酸(7.5,15,30mg·kg-1),连续给药1周。各组于术后第8天取血,ELISA法测定血清IL-1β、IL-4及TNF-α含量,肉眼观察肠粘连的程度并分级;同时取盲肠与腹壁切口组织测定羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hyp)含量,并做病理观察。结果大黄酸精氨酸能显著减轻肠粘连大鼠肠粘连的程度,明显降低肠粘连大鼠IL-1β和TNF-α的表达水平,抑制纤维结缔组织的增生,但对IL-4的表达水平几乎没有影响。结论大黄酸精氨酸可通过抑制炎症因子的过度表达,减轻炎症反应而有效预防术后肠粘连的形成。     

达格列净促进高脂诱导肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪酸氧化的初步机制研究

目的 探讨达格列净对高脂诱导肥胖小鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响及初步作用机制。方法 将16只高脂饮食12周的C57BL/6肥胖小鼠分为达格列净组和模型对照组（OC组），每组8只，另选取8只低脂饮食小鼠为正常对照组（NC组）。达格列净组按照10 mg/（kg·d）给予连续3周灌胃，OC组和NC组分别给予等量生理盐水。测量各组小鼠体重、血糖、葡萄糖耐量及胰岛素耐量；酶联免疫吸附试验检测小鼠血清胰岛素及脂质水平；实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应和Western blotting分别检测肝脏沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(SIRT1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子-1α(PGC-1α)及肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1A(CPT1A) mRNA和蛋白表达。结果实验后达格列净组小鼠体重和空腹血糖水平较实验前下降最明显（P <0.05）。实验后达格列净组小鼠血浆胰岛素水平、葡萄糖耐量曲线下面积、胰岛素耐量曲线下面积及HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数均低于OC组（P <0.05）。与OC组比较，达格列净组小鼠血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平均降低（P <0.05）。与OC组比较，达格列净组小鼠肝脏甘油三酯、胆固醇及肝脏重量均...     

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio presents a linear association with atherosclerosis and nonlinear association with arteriosclerosis in elderly Chinese population: The Northern Shanghai Study

Background and aimsInflammation closely correlates with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a novel inflammation index that can be obtained by routine blood tests. We aimed to investigate the associations between MHR and atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 2451 participants from the Northern Shanghai Study. Atherosclerosis (carotid plaque (CP), lower extremity atherosclerotic (LEA) assessed by ankle-brachial index) and arteriosclerosis (arterial stiffness (AS) assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) were measured using standard methods. In the univariable logistic regression model, higher MHR was significantly associated with increased AS, CP, and LEA risk. In the multivariable logistic regression model, after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking habit, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and family history of premature CVD, quartile 4 (Q4) of MHR was associated with an increased risk of AS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.05–1.88; P _{for trend} = 0.036), CP (OR = 1.35; 95%CI:1.04–1.77; P _{for trend} = 0.044), and LEA (OR = 2.23; 95%CI:1.49–3.35; P _{for trend}< 0.001). Similar results were observed when MHR was analyzed as a continuous variable. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve showed that the association between MHR and AS was nonlinear (P _nonlinear = 0.021), but not LEA (P _nonlinear = 0.177) or CP (P _nonlinear = 0.72).ConclusionMHR presents a linear association with atherosclerosis and a nonlinear association with arteriosclerosis in the elderly Chinese population. These findings may indicate the need for early assessment and intervention for inflammation.The registration number for clinical trials: NCT02368938.