骨髓间充质干细胞移植对四氯化碳大鼠肝损伤的影响及一贯煎的干预作用

该研究观察BMSCs早期尾静脉移植对四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl4)肝损伤模型大鼠的影响以及一贯煎的干预作用。雌性Wistar大鼠65只,随机分为正常组,模型组,细胞移植组,一贯煎组和一贯煎加细胞移植组。造模各组大鼠按3 mL·kg^-1每周2次腹腔注射50%CCl4橄榄油溶液,共9次;细胞移植组和一贯煎加细胞移植组在首次注射CCl4后立即经尾静脉注入第3代BMSCs 1×10^6个;用药组灌胃一贯煎水煎液。结果可见细胞移植和一贯煎均可降低首次造模48 h的血清ALT和AST。造模4周后,模型组血清ALT,AST,γ-GT活性增高,TBIL含量增高;肝组织SOD活性降低,MDA和TG含量增加;肝组织病理可见大泡型脂肪变性,油红O染色可见大量脂滴,天狼猩红染色未见明显胶原增生,血清TNF-α和IL-6含量升高(P<0.05)。BMSC细胞移植组大鼠肝功能和组织病理较模型组进一步恶化,肝组织可见少量胶原增生,肝组织SOD活性更低,MDA和TG含量进一步增高(P<0.05),血清TNF-α和IL-6含量较模型组升高(P<0.05);经一贯煎干预后,各检测指标均较模型组和细胞移植组有所改善。SRY原位杂交检测显示,BMSC移植后在心、肝、脾、肺、肾均可检测到SRY阳性表达,但以肝脏最多,经一贯煎干预后,SRY阳性细胞在肝脏表达减少。Western blot结果显示正常组高表达Wnt和β-catenin,CCl4造模后表达明显减少,细胞移植后有进一步降低的趋势,一贯煎组干预后则表达增高。该研究表明早期尾静脉BMSCs移植可加重大鼠CCl4肝损伤,促进肝纤维化形成,一贯煎可改善BMSCs移植加重的CCl4肝损伤,其机制与减少BMSCs归巢肝脏,上调Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

Tanshinone IIA prevents acute lung injury by regulating macrophage polarization

ObjectiveAcute lung injury (ALI) is a serious respiratory dysfunction caused by pathogen or physical invasion. The strong induced inflammation often causes death. Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) is the major constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and has been shown to display anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of Tan-IIA on ALI.MethodsA murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI was used. The lungs and serum samples of mice were extracted at 3 days after treatment. ALI-induced inflammatory damages were confirmed from cytokine detections and histomorphology observations. Effects of Tan-IIA were investigated using in vivo and in vitro ALI models. Tan-IIA mechanisms were investigated by performing Western blot and flow cytometry experiments. A wound-healing assay was performed to confirm the Tan-IIA function.ResultsThe cytokine storm induced by LPS treatment was detected at 3 days after LPS treatment, and alveolar epithelial damage and lymphocyte aggregation were observed. Tan-IIA treatment attenuated the LPS-induced inflammation and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines released not only by inhibiting neutrophils, but also by macrophage. Moreover, we found that macrophage activation and polarization after LPS treatment were abrogated after applying the Tan-IIA treatment. An in vitro assay also confirmed that including the Tan-IIA supplement increased the relative amount of the M2 subtype and decreased that of M1. Rebalanced macrophages and Tan-IIA inhibited activations of the nuclear factor-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor pathways. Including Tan-IIA and macrophages also improved alveolar epithelial repair by regulating macrophage polarization.ConclusionThis study found that while an LPS-induced cytokine storm exacerbated ALI, including Tan-IIA could prevent ALI-induced inflammation and improve the alveolar epithelial repair, and do so by regulating macrophage polarization.     

色素上皮衍生因子在肺癌中的研究进展

肺癌是世界上最为常见的癌症死亡原因。诸多研究发现色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)在多种肿瘤细胞中表达降低。PEDF具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移、抑制肿瘤新生血管的形成等作用，因此外源性PEDF及其诱导剂的补充在多种类型的肿瘤诊治中具有广阔的应用前景。本文就色素上皮衍生因子在肺癌诊治中表达和生物学功能的研究现状做一综述。