基于真实世界数据的高风险植入类无源医疗器械上市后风险监测技术专家共识

高风险植入类无源医疗器械的上市后监测是医疗器械风险管理的重要环节,通过对高风险医疗器械上市后安全性信号的监测和评价,最大限度地控制医疗器械潜在的风险,保证医疗器械安全、有效地使用,避免发生群体性严重后果,是医疗器械生产、经营、使用机构和技术监测部门的共同职责.为了更好地促进和辅助高风险植入类无源医疗器械的上市后监测,本...     

不同产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群结构的比较分析

为探讨不同产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群结构的差异,采用平板分离法分离来自慈利、略阳和遵义3个产地杜仲皮内生真菌,通过形态和分子手段相结合的方式对分离出的真菌进行鉴定,共分离得到152株内生真菌,分属于8个属,其中Phomopsis,Diaporthe,Alternaria为3个产地内生真菌共有属,各产地的优势种群不同。相似性分析表明,不同产地杜仲皮内生真菌的组成结构上存在差异;多样性及均匀度分析表明,慈利和略阳产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群多样性较高,分布较均匀。遵义产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群的多样性指数及均匀度指数最低,优势种群集中,奇异度较高。拟茎点菌属与其有性态间座壳属菌株的系统发育及遗传距离分析,不同产地杜仲皮中拟茎点菌属及其有性态真菌多样性丰富。综合分析认为,杜仲皮组织的内生真菌具有多样性,慈利、遵义和略阳3个产地内生真菌的数量、组成及种群间存在显著差异。     

吴茱萸道地药材的高效液相指纹图谱研究

目的建立吴茱萸道地药材化学特征指纹图谱。方法采用HPLC梯度洗脱法,对吴茱萸药材进行测定,流动相为0.04%辛烷磺酸钠与0.05%磷酸的水溶液-乙腈,检测波长230 nm,记录80 min的色谱。结果运用梯度洗脱能很好分离吴茱萸的各类成分,经方法学考察,HPLC指纹图谱具有良好的重现性;11批样品中21个特征指纹峰有专属性。结论本研究建立的指纹图谱分析方法可用于吴茱萸药材质量的综合评价,也可用于道地性考察。     

HPLC法测定复方菝葜颗粒中落新妇苷的含量

目的：建立高效液相法测定复方菝葜颗粒中落新妇苷含量的测定方法。方法：采用Waters SymmetryC18（150×4.6mm,5μm）为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.3%冰醋酸（32∶68）,流速为1.0m L/min;检测波长为291nm。结果：落新妇苷的线性范围为0.12~1.2μg,平均回收率为98.19%,RSD为0.82%。结论：所建立方法操作简便、准确、可靠、重复性好,可用于复方菝葜颗粒中落新妇苷的含量测定。     

茯苓HPLC指纹图谱及化学模式识别

目的:建立茯苓药材HPLC指纹图谱,并进行主成分聚类分析,为其质量控制提供有效、可靠的实验依据。方法:采用CAPCELL PAK C18MGⅡS5色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长242 nm,柱温25℃,应用SPSS软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果:建立了茯苓药材HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,并使用聚类分析和主成分分析对指纹图谱进行了模式识别。结论:将指纹图谱和模式识别结合起来进行中药材质量控制是一种行之有效的方法,可较全面的反映茯苓药材中化学成分的信息,为评价茯苓药材提供了科学实验依据。     

银黄清肺胶囊HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的建立银黄清肺胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,为评价其质量提供依据。方法采用Inertsil ODS-2 C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;检测波长210 nm;以乙腈-水(含0.1%磷酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。测定10批银黄清肺胶囊的色谱图,应用相似度分析软件建立银黄清肺胶囊共有模式,并对色谱峰进行指认。结果建立了银黄清肺胶囊HPLC指纹图谱,在确定的方法下,得到10批银黄清肺胶囊的色谱图,并获得了10批样品的相似度;确定共有峰28个,其中26个归属到各药材,确定14个已知成分。通过聚类分析,10批银黄清肺胶囊可以分为2类。结论建立的HPLC指纹图谱方法操作简便,准确稳定,重复性好,为银黄清肺胶囊的质量控制提供了有效的手段。     

The origin and evolution of Basigin(BSG) gene: A comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis

Basigin (BSG), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) or cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), plays various fundamental roles in the intercellular recognition involved in immunologic phenomena, differentiation, and development. In this study, we aimed to compare the similarities and differences of BSG among organisms and explore possible evolutionary relationships based on the comparison result. We used the extensive BLAST tool to search the metazoan genomes, N-glycosylation sites, the transmembrane region and other functional sites. We then identified BSG homologs from genomic sequences and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships. We identified that BSG genes exist not only in the vertebrate metazoans but also in the invertebrate metazoans such as Amphioxus B. floridae, D. melanogaster, A. mellifera, S. japonicum, C. gigas, and T. patagoniensis. After sequence analysis, we confirmed that only vertebrate metazoans and Cephalochordate (amphioxus B. floridae) have the classic structure (a signal peptide, two Ig-like domains (IgC2 and IgI), a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain). The invertebrate metazoans (excluding amphioxus B. floridae) lack the N-terminal signal peptides and IgC2 domain. We then generated a phylogenetic tree, genome organization comparison, and chromosomal disposition analysis based on the biological information obtained from the NCBI and Ensembl databases. Finally, we established the possible evolutionary scenario of the BSG gene, which showed the restricted exon rearrangement that has occurred during evolution, forming the present-day BSG gene.     

ADORA1 Inhibition Promotes Tumor Immune Evasion by Regulating the ATF3-PD-L1 Axis

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Effects of extracellular magnesium on the differentiation and function of human osteoclasts

Magnesium-based implants have been shown to influence the surrounding bone structure. In an attempt to partially reveal the cellular mechanisms involved in the remodelling of magnesium-based implants, the influence of increased extracellular magnesium content on human osteoclasts was studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were driven towards an osteoclastogenesis pathway via stimulation with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 28 days. Concomitantly, the cultures were exposed to variable magnesium concentrations (from either magnesium chloride or magnesium extracts). Osteoclast proliferation and differentiation were evaluated based on cell metabolic activity, total protein content, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, cathepsin K and calcitonin receptor immunocytochemistry, and cellular ability to form resorption pits. While magnesium chloride first enhanced and then opposed cell proliferation and differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner (peaking between 10 and 15 mM magnesium chloride), magnesium extracts (with lower magnesium contents) appeared to decrease cell metabolic activity (≈50% decrease at day 28) while increasing osteoclast activity at a lower concentration (twofold higher). Together, the results indicated that (i) variations in the in vitro extracellular magnesium concentration affect osteoclast metabolism and (ii) magnesium extracts should be used preferentially in vitro to more closely mimic the in vivo environment.     

The pathophysiology of repetitive concussive traumatic brain injury in experimental models; new developments and open questions

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the pathophysiology of repetitive concussive traumatic brain injury (rcTBI) in large part due to the association with dramatic cases of progressive neurological deterioration in professional athletes, military personnel, and others. However, our understanding of the pathophysiology of rcTBI is less advanced than for more severe brain injuries. Most prominently, the mechanisms underlying traumatic axonal injury, microglial activation, amyloid-beta accumulation, and progressive tau pathology are not yet known. In addition, the role of injury to dendritic spine cytoskeletal structures, vascular reactivity impairments, and microthrombi are intriguing and subjects of ongoing inquiry. Methods for quantitative analysis of axonal injury, dendritic injury, and synaptic loss need to be refined for the field to move forward in a rigorous fashion. We and others are attempting to develop translational approaches to assess these specific pathophysiological events in both animals and humans to facilitate clinically relevant pharmacodynamic assessments of candidate therapeutics. In this article, we review and discuss several of the recent experimental results from our lab and others. We include new initial data describing the difficulty in modeling progressive tau pathology in experimental rcTBI, and results demonstrating that sertraline can alleviate social interaction deficits and depressive-like behaviors following experimental rcTBI plus foot shock stress. Furthermore, we propose a discrete set of open, experimentally tractable questions that may serve as a framework for future investigations. In addition, we also raise several important questions that are less experimentally tractable at this time, in hopes that they may stimulate future methodological developments to address them.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Traumatic Brain Injury".