活血药合用安神药对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

目的:观察活血药合用安神药对急性心肌梗死(AMI)大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法:Wistar大鼠行冠状动脉左前降支结扎复制急性心肌梗死模型,分为假手术组、模型组、活血药组和活血药合用安神药组。给药组于造模当天连续给药至术后21 d,观察心脏射血分数(EF)和左心室缩短分数(FS)、左室舒张期内径(LVIDd)和左室收缩期内径(LVIDs)、心脏整体形态、HE染色及电镜观察等心功能和组织形态学变化。结果:和假手术组比较,模型组EF和FS显著下降(P<0.001),LVIDd,LVIDs明显增大(P<0.001),心肌梗死面积达左心室前壁的70%～90%,心肌纤维化、炎细胞浸润、肌纤维断裂和心肌细胞线粒体空泡样变等病理改变严重;和模型组比较,活血药和活血药合用安神药组EF和FS显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),LVIDd,LVIDs明显减小(P<0.05或P<0.01),心肌梗死面积约占左心室前壁的40%～60%,心肌纤维化、炎细胞浸润、肌纤维断裂和心肌细胞线粒体空泡样变等病理改变明显减轻;和活血药组比较,活血药合用安神药组EF和FS进一步升高,LVIDd,LVIDs进一步减小(P<0.05),心肌纤维化、炎细胞浸润、肌纤维断裂和心肌细胞线粒体空泡样变等病理改变进一步减轻。结论:活血药基础上合用安神药能进一步改善梗死后缺血心肌的结构和功能,有显著的增效作用,该作用可能与安神药的抗脂质过氧化,稳定心肌细胞膜和心肌线粒体膜,减轻心肌细胞损伤有关。     

ITS2和psbA-trnH序列鉴别马鞭草科药用植物

目的:评价几条热点DNA条形码候选序列对马鞭草科药用植物的鉴别能力。方法:选择psbA-trnH,rbcL,matK,ITS2和ITS序列进行评价,使用各序列的通用引物进行扩增和测序,用扩增及测序成功率,种内种间差异,barcod-ing gap,基于BLAST 1和Nearest Distance方法的鉴定成功率等指标来评价各序列的鉴定能力。结果:对马鞭草科32个种55个样本的序列分析发现,matK的扩增成功率太低,未纳入后续分析;ITS,ITS2,psbA-trnH以及rbcL的扩增及测序成功率分别为83.6%,83.6%,96.4%,98.2%,其鉴定成功率除rbcL为77.8%,75.9%外都为100%,但ITS2序列的种间,种内差异,barcoding gap较psbA-trnH,ITS有明显优势。ITS2序列进一步纳入网上163个样品的数据后其鉴定成功率依然可以达到89.5%,87.6%。结论:考虑到psbA-trnH较高的测序成功率,ITS2和psbA-trnH是适合马鞭草科植物鉴别的一个较好DNA条形码序列组合。     

层次分析法及其改良在确定辨证标准诊断指标权重中的应用＊

确定诊断指标的权重以实现证的量化诊断是制定辨证标准关键环节之一，课题组较早将层次分析法引入应用于中医辨证标准指标权重的研究中。该文从理论上对层次分析法应用于构建辨证标准的适用性进行了探讨，并详细介绍了课题组对于层次分析法调查方式和调查问卷的改良。实践表明：改良后的层次分析法可操作性进一步增强、调查质量进一步提高，可作为确定辨证标准诊断指标权重一种较为稳定、有效的方法，值得临床和科研进一步推广应用。     

Extracellular vesicles containing miR-146a attenuate experimental colitis by targeting TRAF6 and IRAK1

Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNA-146a (miR-146a), a well-known anti-inflammatory miRNA, acts as a negative feedback regulator of the innate immune response, but its role in modulation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear and the issue related to the stability of exogenous miR-146a in blood is up in the air. In this study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cultured medium of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with recombinant lentiviruses can serve as a stable delivery system and overexpress miR-146a, which significantly inhibited TNF receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) expression in TNBS-induced colitis of rats. Moreover, the increased phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκBα were down-regulated by the administration of EVs containing miR-146a. Coupled with the associated influence of over-expressed miR-146a on phosphorylated proteins above, the production of inflammation factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-1β is apparently suppressed by this non-coding RNA. Collectively, these data elucidated that EVs containing miR-146a ameliorates experimental colitis caused 2,4,6‑trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) by targeting TRAF6 and IRAK1.     

Objective evaluation of caudal deviation of the nasal septum and selection of the appropriate septoplasty technique

ObjectiveSeveral methods have been reported to correct caudal deviation of the nasal septum, including open septorhinoplasty (OSR) and septoplasty with Killian incision (KI). In general, OSR is applied instead of KI for caudal deviation. However, there is little objective evidence own on the effects of OSR and KI for caudal deviation. In this study, we compared surgical outcomes between OSR and KI by quantifying nasal septum deviation using two simple and objective parameters on routine paranasal sinus CT scans.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 18 patients who underwent OSR and 11 patients who underwent septoplasty with KI between April 2006 and October 2019. Caudal deviation was defined on the basis of the “Anterior-posterior Position of the most deviated point of the nasal septum (AP),” which was measured on computerized tomography. The deformation rate (DR) of the nasal septum was also calculated. Nasal airway resistance and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for nasal obstruction were examined.ResultsThe AP was significantly correlated with the VAS score (r=-0.58, p=0.017). The DR in patients with caudal septal deviation was significantly decreased by OSR (0.14±0.06 to 0.03±0.03, p=0.004), but not by KI (0.09±0.08 to 0.04±0.03, p=0.25). OSR also improved nasal airway resistance (1.10±0.44 to 0.42±0.15, p=0.02), and the VAS score (79.11±14.74 to 5.78±7.89, p=0.004).ConclusionNasal obstruction is more severe in patients with the caudal deviation. OSR corrects caudal deviation of the nasal septum more effectively than does KI. The AP could be useful for the evaluation of the deviation of the nasal septum and help in selecting the appropriate septoplastic technique.     

A “4D” systemic view on meridian essence: Substantial,functional, chronological and cultural attributes

The term Jingluo, translated as meridian or channel, is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has played a fundamental role in guiding the clinical practice of acupuncture for thousands of years. However, the essence of the meridian remains elusive and is a source of both confusion and debate for researchers. In this study, a “4D” systemic view on the essence of the meridian, namely substantial, functional, chronological, and cultural dimensions, was proposed based on a review of the ancient medical classics, recent research developments, and results from clinical practice. Previous studies have primarily focused on the substantial dimension of the meridian system, with scant interpretation about its functional domain. Neither systemic data nor evaluations have been adequately documented. Additionally, a limited but increasing number of studies have focused on the chronological and cultural dimensions. More investigations that embody the holistic concept of TCM and integrate the systemic modes and advanced techniques with dominant diseases of TCM need to be performed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the essence of meridians. The goal of this study is to yield useful information in understanding the essence of meridians and provide a reference and perspective for further research.     

Tanshinone IIA prevents acute lung injury by regulating macrophage polarization

ObjectiveAcute lung injury (ALI) is a serious respiratory dysfunction caused by pathogen or physical invasion. The strong induced inflammation often causes death. Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) is the major constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and has been shown to display anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of Tan-IIA on ALI.MethodsA murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI was used. The lungs and serum samples of mice were extracted at 3 days after treatment. ALI-induced inflammatory damages were confirmed from cytokine detections and histomorphology observations. Effects of Tan-IIA were investigated using in vivo and in vitro ALI models. Tan-IIA mechanisms were investigated by performing Western blot and flow cytometry experiments. A wound-healing assay was performed to confirm the Tan-IIA function.ResultsThe cytokine storm induced by LPS treatment was detected at 3 days after LPS treatment, and alveolar epithelial damage and lymphocyte aggregation were observed. Tan-IIA treatment attenuated the LPS-induced inflammation and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines released not only by inhibiting neutrophils, but also by macrophage. Moreover, we found that macrophage activation and polarization after LPS treatment were abrogated after applying the Tan-IIA treatment. An in vitro assay also confirmed that including the Tan-IIA supplement increased the relative amount of the M2 subtype and decreased that of M1. Rebalanced macrophages and Tan-IIA inhibited activations of the nuclear factor-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor pathways. Including Tan-IIA and macrophages also improved alveolar epithelial repair by regulating macrophage polarization.ConclusionThis study found that while an LPS-induced cytokine storm exacerbated ALI, including Tan-IIA could prevent ALI-induced inflammation and improve the alveolar epithelial repair, and do so by regulating macrophage polarization.     

蟾蜍TNFRSF11b、TNFRSF9基因克隆及生物信息学分析

目的 克隆中华蟾蜍肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族（TNFRSF）BbgTNFRSF11b、BbgTNFRSF9基因的全长序列,并分析其序列特征。方法 根据转录组测序所得的TNFRSF11b、TNFRSF9基因片段设计特异性引物,以中华蟾蜍蟾皮为材料,利用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术获得BbgTNFRSF11b、BbgTNFRSF9基因全长互补脱氧核糖核酸（cDNA）序列,并采用生物信息学手段分析其序列特征,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测BbgTNFRSF11b、BbgTNFRSF9基因在中华蟾蜍7种组织/器官中的表达情况。结果 克隆获得蟾蜍BbgTNFRSF11b基因的全长cDNA序列为1233 bp,编码410个氨基酸,理论相对分子质量为46.97 kDa,等电点为8.64,不存在跨膜区及信号肽,为亲水性蛋白,具有多个磷酸化位点。BbgTNFRSF9基因的全长cDNA序列为829 bp,编码247个氨基酸,理论相对分子质量为67.874 kDa,理论等电点为5.12,存在信号肽,为疏水性蛋白,具有多个磷酸化位点,进化树分析发现BbgTNFRSF11b、BbgTNFRSF9基因与其他动物TNFRSF11b、TNFRSF9基因相似度不高,表明该基因虽有特殊结构域但不同物种间差异较大。组织表达分析显示,BbgTNFRSF11b、BbgTNFRSF9基因在耳后腺中表达显著高于其他部位。结论 成功获得蟾蜍BbgTNFRSF11b、BbgTNFRSF9基因序列,掌握其序列特征,为后续深入研究该蛋白的功能提供参考。     

甘草多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的：建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,观察甘草多糖对模型小鼠脾脏调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell,Treg）及脾淋巴细胞转化率的影响,探讨甘草多糖的免疫调节机制。方法：50只Balb/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、环磷酰胺组、甘草多糖组和甘草多糖加环磷酰胺组。除正常组外,其余各组建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型。造模第2天各组开始给药,正常组和模型组腹腔注射生理盐水,环磷酰胺组腹腔注射环磷酰胺1周,甘草多糖组颈后皮下注射甘草多糖,连续14 d。取脾制备脾单细胞悬液,用流式细胞仪检测脾调节性T细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法检测脾淋巴细胞转化率。结果：模型组小鼠Treg细胞比例明显高于正常组,甘草多糖组Treg细胞比例低于模型组（P〈0.01）,甘草多糖组脾淋巴细胞转化率明显高于环磷酰胺组。甘草多糖与环磷酰胺无交互作用。结论：甘草多糖可能通过降低荷瘤小鼠Treg细胞的比例及提高脾淋巴细胞转化率而发挥抗肿瘤免疫调节作用。