3分法画钟测验对区别轻中度血管性痴呆的作用探讨

目的探讨3分法画钟测验(CDT)对轻中度血管性痴呆(VD)的鉴别作用。方法收集轻、中度VD患者335例,进行病史采集及神经心理量表测试,根据患者临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)评分情况,将其分为轻度VD组182例及中度VD组153例。2组间进行3分法CDT评分比较,分析2组在CDT分值上有无差异,CDT与中文版简易智能量表(MMSE)、CDR有无相关性以及3分法CDT对区分VD轻度与中度的敏感性和特异性。结果 3分法CDT评分在轻度VD组及中度VD组间比较有显著性差异(Z=-10.489,P<0.01);CDT与MMSE及CDR有较强相关性,Spearman相关系数分别为0.694和-0.674(P<0.01);同时,3分法CDT对区别轻度VD和中度VD有一定的敏感性(69.8%)和特异性(83.0%)。结论 3分法CDT对判断痴呆的严重程度,区别轻、中度VD患者有一定帮助,但其鉴别能力有限,不适宜单独使用。     

金花清感颗粒治疗流行性感冒风热犯肺证双盲随机对照研究

目的 评价金花清感颗粒治疗流行性感冒风热犯肺证的有效性及安全性。方法 选择136例流行性感冒风热犯肺证患者,按各试验中心进行分层区组随机化,将患者分为金花清感颗粒高（44例）、低剂量组（45例）及对照组（47例）,分别给予金花清感颗粒10 g/次, 3次/天;金花清感颗粒5 g/次加金花清感颗粒模拟剂5 g/次, 3次/天;金花清感颗粒模拟剂10 g/次, 3次/天。疗程均为5天。评价三组间退热时间及退热率、中医证候疗效、流感主要症状/体征消失率、单项症状疗效、咽分泌物病毒核酸检测转阴率及安全性指标。结果 高剂量组中位退热时间为32.8 h（95%CI：22.5～41.0 h）,低剂量组为26.0 h（95 %CI：14.5～36.5 h）,对照组为39.5 h（95%CI：29.0～46.0 h）,低剂量组中位退热时间短于对照组（P=0.011）。低剂量组治疗3天后中医证候疗效显效率（66.7%）高于对照组（38.3%）,有效率优于高剂量组（P=0.043）。低剂量组治疗5天后痊愈率（42.2%）高于高剂量组（25.0%,P=0.026）及对照组（14.9%,P=0.002）;低剂量组显效率（86.7%）高于对照组（55.3%,P=0.001）。高剂量组疗效与低剂量组疗效近似,在部分疗效指标方面略差。三组间不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 金花清感颗粒治疗流行性感冒风热犯肺证安全、有效,临床常规剂量为其适合剂量。     

脑卒中高危人群高血压患者中医证候要素特点探究

目的:探讨脑卒中高危人群高血压患者证候要素分布特点,为该人群的辨证论治提供参考。方法:选取2013—2014年北京市丰台区卢沟桥、兴隆社区卫生服务中心筛查的脑卒中高危人群中符合高血压合并多种卒中风险标准患者739例,按既往血压最高水平分为1、2、3级,卒中风险参照《2011年医改重大专项国家脑卒中高危人群筛查及干预试点项目实施方案》脑卒中高危人群入组标准,收集中医四诊信息,运用因子分析方法,提取证候要素,探讨其分布特点。结果:脑卒中高危人群高血压患者主要证候要素为气虚(16.0%)、阴虚(14.6%)、火(14.6%)、阳虚(11.0%),虚证占52.8%,痰湿、血瘀为常见兼夹因素,病位在肝、脾、肾;不同级别高血压分组中气虚、阴虚均为出现频率较高的证候要素,火在1级、3级人群中分布较高。结论:脑卒中高危人群高血压患者中医证候要素分布以气血阴阳亏虚为本,痰湿、血瘀贯穿疾病各阶段,火证表现明显。     

Effects of Tai Chi on health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo explore the effects and dose–response relationship of Tai Chi for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate the methodological quality of the included trials and evidence quality of the outcomes.MethodsNine major English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of Tai Chi for T2DM from inception to December 2021. The effects and dose–response relationships were assessed with a meta-analysis and meta-regression using Stata.16. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the risk of bias tool. The evidence quality of the outcomes was assessed using the GRADE tool.ResultsA total of 24 studies with 1314 patients were included. Compared with the usual care, Tai Chi improved HbA1c (MD = ?0.80%, 95% CI [?1.05, ?0.54], P < .001, I² = 18.29%, very low–quality evidence), FBG (SMD = ?0.58, 95% CI [?0.86, ?0.31], P < .001, I² = 53.2%, low-quality evidence), fasting insulin (FIN), diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and the outcomes of quality of life (QoL) in patients with T2DM. However, when Tai Chi was compared with other exercise, there was no between-group difference in the HbA1c, FBG, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, BMI, and waist circumference (WC). Furthermore, the findings showed that an increase at every 18 weeks in length or an 823-h increase in the total time of Tai Chi intervention resulted in approximately a one unit reduction in the SMD of FBG.ConclusionCompared with usual care, Tai Chi may improve HbA1c (with clinical significance), FBG, FIN, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and outcomes of QoL in T2DM patients. The effects of Tai Chi were similar to those of other exercises on the HbA1c, FBG, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, BMI, and WC. Given the overall poor methodological quality and evidence quality, these findings should be treated cautiously.     

中风后认知障碍不同状态中医症状的对比分析

目的分析中风后认知障碍不同状态症状的差异,探讨认知功能下降的病因病机。方法多中心协作纳入中风患者共2614例,分为无认知障碍组1319例、认知障碍组1295例,其中认知障碍组又分为轻度认知障碍组553例和轻度痴呆组742例,通过标准化四诊信息采集,观察并比较中医症状及舌象、脉象情况。结果与中风后无认知障碍组比较,认知障碍组乏力、神疲、夜尿频多、多梦、气短、齿摇、视物模糊、目涩、咳痰、肢倦身重、头晕、麻木、口唇紫暗、腰膝酸软／痛、面色晦暗、耳鸣、舌暗、舌苔腻、脉沉等出现频率增多（P〈0．05）。中风后轻度认知障碍组和轻度痴呆组间神疲、咳痰、肢倦身重、齿摇、口唇紫暗、目涩、便秘、视物模糊、气短、面色晦暗、舌红、舌苔腻等症状或体征变化差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论中风后认知功能的下降与元气耗损、肝肾阴精亏虚密切相关。提示本病早期防治应注重补益肝、脾、肾,兼以化痰开窍、活血祛瘀。     

Chinese herbal medicine for chronic heart failure: a multicenter,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients according to syndrome differentiation.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, a total of 220 CHF patients were assigned to receive CHM or placebo granules without decoction according to syndrome differentiation in addition to their standard western treatment for 4 weeks. The change in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was the primary outcome, and the changes in the TCM syndrome scores (TCM-SS) and New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA-FC) were the secondary outcomes.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of treatment, the mean changes in the LVEF (13.1 ± 9.78 vs. 7.34 ± 7.40, P < 0.001) and the TCM syndrome scores (−34.2 ± 24.6 vs. −23.5 ± 25.2, P = 0.002) were better in the CHM group than in the placebo group. After two weeks of treatment, the mean changes in the LVEF (9.26 ± 7.83 vs. 4.72 ± 5.60, P < 0.001) and the TCM syndrome scores (−23.5 ± 18.6 vs. −14.0 ± 15.9, P < 0.001) were better in the CHM group than in the placebo group. In addition, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant time course effects of CHM versus placebo in the LVEF and TCM syndrome cores (P < 0.001 for all). The distention of the jugular vein (P = 0.021), expectoration (P = 0.044), abdominal distention (P = 0.004), and rib pain (P = 0.005) were significantly less in the CHM group than in the placebo group after two weeks of treatment. Fatigue (P = 0.001), less gas and lazy words (P = 0.001), dizziness (P = 0.003), gasping for breath (P = 0.027), abdominal distention (P = 0.011), nausea (P = 0.001) and emesis (P = 0.012) were significantly less in the CHM group than in the placebo group after treatment for four weeks. After four weeks of treatment, the change in the NYHA functional classification in the CHM group was better than that in the placebo group (P < 0.001). There was one death in the placebo group, and one patient in the CHM group experienced atrial fibrillation.ConclusionCHM treatment according to syndrome differentiation effectively improved the LVEF, TCM-SS, and NYHA-FC in patients with CHF and also appeared to be safe. Thus, CHM treatment could be used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of CHF (Clinical trial registration: NCT01939236).     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肺黏液表皮样癌1例报告及文献复习

目的:分析肺黏液表皮样癌患者的临床表现、影像学表现、病理学特征、治疗手段和预后,为该病的治疗和诊断提供依据。方法:收集1例肺黏液表皮样癌患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献复习,探讨肺黏液表皮样癌的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。结果:患者,男性,59岁,因“诊断肺癌1年余,乏力1周”入院。查体,双胸廓对称,双肺语音震颤无增强,双肺叩诊呈清音,听诊双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音。根据既往史明确诊断为肺黏液表皮样癌。入院时胸部CT片提示右上肺纵隔旁见团块影,密度减低,CT值为29～43 Hu,胸膜边缘模糊,大小为68 mm×40 mm,增强后动脉期CT值为73 Hu,静脉期CT值为83 Hu。右肺门及纵隔可见淋巴结影。既往右肺肿物根治性切除术后,化疗后复发,且不能耐受继续化疗和靶向治疗,遂行CT引导下右肺肿物氩氦刀冷冻消融术,术后1个月复查胸部CT检查结果显示病灶明显缩小,密度减低,CT值为34 Hu,大小为23 mm×26 mm,增强后未见明显强化,右肺门及纵隔淋巴结较前缩小。结论:肺黏液表皮样癌是一种特殊类型的肺癌,可无明显阳性体征,高级别肺黏液表皮样癌患者术后易复发,化疗效果差,缺乏疗效确切的靶...     

应用匹配矩阵、因子分析和聚类分析法研究冠心病痰瘀证候特征

目的研究冠心病痰瘀证候与临床四诊信息的相互关系,为其分类及规范化诊断提供参考。方法采用匹配矩阵、因子分析和聚类分析法,对200例冠心病患者痰证、瘀证、痰瘀互阻证及非痰非瘀证46项临床症状进行相关性分析。结果冠心病不同痰瘀证候舌、脉象与非痰非瘀证之间存在明显差异;中医病机脏腑定位于心和肾,以心气虚为主,兼肾气虚,痰证患者尚多伴脾气虚;在46项临床症状中,仅15项症状在痰证、瘀证和痰瘀互阻证中相伴出现频率较高。除共有的本虚证外,痰证的主要临床症状为白腻苔和滑脉,尚见胸脘痞满和腹胀等;瘀证则以紫舌、舌生瘀斑为主,尚见痛有定处;痰瘀互阻证则兼上述两种证候的主要症状。结论综合应用匹配矩阵、因子分析和聚类分析法,可以获得有关冠心病不同痰瘀证候主要临床特征及脏腑定位的信息,对冠心病不同痰瘀证候辨证及其分类研究具有一定的意义。     

中药上市后安全性医院集中监测技术规范(征求意见稿)

为了推动中药药品生产企业开展药品重点监测工作,积极响应国家食品药品监督管理总局发布的相关工作指南具有重要意义。因此,该技术规范在经过多次专家论证后,现公开征求意见,旨在为中药上市后安全性再评价监测研究真实报告不良反应/事件并进行客观评价提供技术支撑。该技术规范围绕中药上市后监测的关键环节进行阐述,目的是对大样本、观察性医院集中监测方案设计与实施;采用巢式病例对照设计对"过敏反应的发生特征及机制进行深入研究"的设计与实施进行指导。     

南非传统草药Sutherlandia 抗糖尿病作用的研究

目的：观察南非传统草药Sutherlandia水提物对糖脂代谢的影响。方法：腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）并高脂饲料喂养诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。随机分为正常组、模型组、吡格列酮组、Sutherlandia组。观察体质量、口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）、血甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）指标的改变,Western Blot法检测各组大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素受体底物（IRS-1）表达情况。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量降低,OGTT、TG、TC、LDL-C指标明显升高（P<0.05）,多饮、多食、多尿症状明显,IRS-1 蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05）;治疗后,与模型组比较,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组的体质量未见明显增长,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组血糖、TG、TC均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,二者之间无统计学差异,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组骨骼肌中IRS-1蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05）,二者之间无统计学差异。结论：腹腔注射STZ并高糖高脂饲料喂养诱导2 型糖尿病大鼠模型存在糖脂代谢紊乱;南非传统草药Sutherlandia可明显降低其血糖水平,改善血脂代谢,提高胰岛素水平;Sutherlandia可提高IRS-1骨骼肌中的表达水平,进而改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖,其确切的作用途径有待进一步深入研究。