锚钉固定位置与角度对肩关节前关节囊修复效果影响

目的探讨不同锚钉位置及角度对关节镜治疗复发性肩关节前向不稳临床疗效的影响。 方法回顾性分析85例于2018年1月至12月因复发性肩关节前向不稳在南部战区总医院接受肩关节镜手术治疗的患者排除严重骨缺损、翻修等其他损伤。使用术后肩关节CT测量锚钉位置及插入角度，采用视觉模拟评分系统(VAS评分)及Rowe评分系统对患者术后关节疼痛程度、稳定性、活动度及功能进行综合评价。不同锚钉位置及角度与VAS评分及Rowe评分的关系使用独立样本t检验分析。 结果在85例患者中，有57例患者的所有锚钉均在肩胛盂关节面上，28例患者的锚钉部分在肩胛盂关节面上，部分在肩胛盂边缘。两组的比较中，VAS评分差异无统计学意义(t ＝－0.829，P>0.05)；所有锚钉均在肩胛盂关节面上的患者Rowe评分较高(t＝－4.072，P<0.05)。通过术后Rowe评定分级对锚钉打入角度的反向比较中，2点、3点、4点和5点钟4个位点对应锚钉角度之间的比较均无统计学差异(t＝0.312、0.885、0.775、0.934，均为P>0.05)。 结论肩关节镜下缝合锚钉在合理插入角度范围内固定于肩胛盂边缘稍内侧的关节面上可以使复发性肩关节前向不稳的患者获得更好的近期疗效，而远期疗效需要进一步深入研究。     

Prospective analysis of a first MTP total joint replacement. Evaluation by bone mineral densitometry,pedobarography, and visual analogue score for pain

BackgroundWe hypothesized that a total replacement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP-1) would alter the walking pattern with medialisation of the ground reaction force (GRF) of the foot and subsequently cause an increase in bone mineral density (BMD) in the medial metatarsal bones and a decline of BMD in the lateral metatarsal bones.MethodsTwelve patients receiving total joint replacements (Roto-Glide^®) of MTP-1 were enrolled in a prospective cohort. BMD and pedobarography of the heel bone and the metatarsal heads were performed preoperatively and at least 12 months postoperatively.ResultsBMD in the lateral metatarsals and GRF under the lateral column of the operated feet decreased significantly on the operated feet.ConclusionsTotal joint replacement of MTP-1 tends to reduce GRF under the lateral column of the foot causing a corresponding decline in BMD and pedobarographic measures. Our findings support the further use of the Roto-Glide^® prosthesis for osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.     

Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童僵硬型马蹄内翻足

目的探讨利用Ilizarov外固定架治疗儿童僵硬型马蹄内翻足畸形的临床疗效及影像学评估。方法 2009年1月至2012年6月利用Ilizarov外固定架治疗25例30足儿童僵硬性马蹄内翻足畸形患者,术前对患者进行常规足部X线检查,测量正位跟距角(talocalcaneal angle of anteroposterior radiograph,TCA-AP)、侧位跟距角(talocalcaneal angle of lateral radiograph,TCA-LAT)、正位距骨-第1跖骨角(talo-first metatarsal angle of anteroposterior radiograph,TMT1-AP),根据患者实际情况选择合适的外固定架,术中按照Ilizarov固定原则固定于患者胫骨及足部相应位置。术后第5天开始调整外固定架螺母,以1 mm/d,6次/d的幅度进行调整,直至畸形得到完全纠正,并适当过伸。将患足固定于过伸矫正位4~6周,期间佩戴外固定架行走。拆除外固定后定期复查X线,测量并对比相关数据。结果 25例患者均得到随访,随访时间8个月~2年,平均随访12个月。所有患者调整外固定架矫形期间均未见血管神经损伤等症状。术后5~7周踝关节恢复到中立位,平均固定时间14周。按Garceau标准评定,优23足,良4足,差3足。治疗前后比较,TCA-AP、TCA-LAT明显增大(P0.001),TMT1-AP明显减小(P0.001),差异均有统计学意义。结论 Ilizarov技术对于儿童僵硬型马蹄足治疗效果明显,具有微创、安全、操作简单等优点,且影像学数据改善明显,可作为评价矫形效果的有效指标。     

经后外侧入路治疗单独性后外侧胫骨平台劈裂塌陷骨折11例

目的 探讨经膝关节后外侧手术人路治疗单独性后外侧胫骨平台劈裂塌陷骨折的疗效。 方法 2014年4月至2016年4月,采用后外侧入路对11例单纯后外侧胫骨平台劈裂塌陷骨折病人进行钢板固定治疗,男4例,女7例;年龄45.8岁,年龄范围18～72岁。致伤原因:交通伤5例,高处坠落伤3例,其它伤3例,合并伤:合并腓骨小头骨折2例,内侧副韧带损伤1例。 结果 所有病人术后获12～31个月的随访,平均17.2个月。骨折均顺利愈合。无腓总神经损伤、无手术切口感染、无膝关节内外翻畸形、无内固定失效等并发症发生。末次随访采用Rasmussen膝关节功能评分系统对患膝关节功能进行评定,优:8例,良3例,优良率为100%。     

弹性髓内钉治疗儿童四肢长管状骨骨折

目的探讨闭合复位、弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童四肢长管状骨骨折的临床疗效。方法2008年9月～2011年8月期间,笔者手术治疗34例儿童四肢长管状骨骨折病例,其中胫骨骨折17例,尺桡骨骨折9例,股骨骨折8例;AO分型：21例为简单A型骨折,13例为楔形B型骨折。均采用闭合复位、弹性髓内钉内固定,术后定期随访,观察患者的骨折愈合时间,随访患者术后关节活动、疼痛、稳定性及肌力情况。结果本组病例均闭合复位成功,无一例切开,34例患者随访10-24个月,平均15个月。骨折愈合时间4～12周,平均8．5周,关节功能良好,无患肢疼痛、骨折再移位、肌萎缩等,无需艰苦的康复训练。结论闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童四肢长管状骨骨折具有创伤小、骨折愈合快、功能恢复好、并发症少等优点,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

The development and evaluation of individualized templates to assist transoral C2 articular mass or transpedicular screw placement in TARP-IV procedures: adult cadaver specimen study

OBJECTIVES:

The transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate system treats irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation from transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-I to transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-III. However, this system has demonstrated problems associated with screw loosening, atlantoaxial fixation and concealed or manifest neurovascular injuries. This study sought to design a set of individualized templates to improve the accuracy of anterior C2 screw placement in the transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-IV procedure.

METHODS:

A set of individualized templates was designed according to thin-slice computed tomography data obtained from 10 human cadavers. The templates contained cubic modules and drill guides to facilitate transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate positioning and anterior C2 screw placement. We performed 2 stages of cadaveric experiments with 2 cadavers in stage one and 8 in stage two. Finally, guided C2 screw placement was evaluated by reading postoperative computed tomography images and comparing the planned and inserted screw trajectories.

RESULTS:

There were two cortical breaching screws in stage one and three in stage two, but only the cortical breaching screws in stage one were ranked critical. In stage two, the planned entry points and the transverse angles of the anterior C2 screws could be simulated, whereas the declination angles could not be simulated due to intraoperative blockage of the drill bit and screwdriver by the upper teeth.

CONCLUSIONS:

It was feasible to use individualized templates to guide transoral C2 screw placement. Thus, these drill templates combined with transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-IV, may improve the accuracy of transoral C2 screw placement and reduce related neurovascular complications.     

Percutaneous Release,Open Surgery,or Corticosteroid Injection,Which Is the Best Treatment Method for Trigger Digits?

Background

Percutaneous A1 pulley release surgery for trigger digit (finger or thumb) has gained popularity in recent decades. Although many studies have reported the failure rate and complications of percutaneous release for trigger digit, the best treatment for trigger digit remains unclear.

Questions/purposes

Our aim was to identify the relative risk of treatment failure, level of satisfaction, and frequency of complications, comparing percutaneous release with open surgery or corticosteroid injections for adult patients with trigger digits.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing percutaneous release with open surgery or corticosteroid injections. Seven RCTs involving 676 patients were identified. Methodologic quality was assessed by the Detsky quality scale. After data extraction, we compared results using a fixed meta-analysis model.

Results

There were no differences in the failure rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.14–6.25) and complication frequency (RR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.15–4.72) between patients undergoing percutaneous release and open surgery. Patients treated with percutaneous release had fewer failures (RR = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02–0.21) and a greater level of satisfaction (RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.62–2.48) compared with the patients treated with corticosteroid injections. We found no difference in complication frequency between percutaneous release and corticosteroid injection (RR = 3.19; 95% CI, 0.51–19.91).

Conclusions

The frequencies of treatment failure and complications were no different between percutaneous release surgery and open surgery for trigger digit in adults. Patients treated with percutaneous releases were less likely to have treatment failure than patients treated with corticosteroid injections.     

表观扩散系数评价骨肉瘤化疗疗效的价值

目的 探讨表观扩散系数（ADC）在骨肉瘤新辅助化疗疗效监测中的价值。方法 28 例确诊骨肉瘤患者于化疗前后接受MRI 扫描。按治疗疗效分为疗效良好组和疗效较差组,分析两组治疗前后ADC 值差异。结果 28 例骨肉瘤患者中疗效良好组21 例,疗效较差组7 例。治疗前疗效良好组和疗效较差组平均ADC 值分别为（1.12±0.16）×10-3mm2/s 和（1.57±0.20）×10-3mm2/s ;治疗后分别为（2.33±0.18）×10-3mm2/s和（1.97±0.22）×10-3mm2/s,经独立样本t 检验,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组治疗前后ADC 值变化率比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 ADC 值对于评价骨肉瘤新辅助化疗疗效方面有较好价值,且治疗前ADC 值可用于预测疗效。