骨科手术机器人精准导航辅助空心螺钉内固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨应用骨科手术机器人精准导航辅助空心螺钉内固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折的疗效及优势。方法 回顾性分析武汉科技大学附属普仁医院2021年1月至2022年6月采用多枚空心螺钉内固定法治疗的30例中青年股骨颈骨折病人。根据术中是否使用机器人辅助置钉分为两组，观察组采用天玑骨科手术机器人辅助置钉，男7例，女8例，年龄为（48.67±7.83）岁；对照组采用传统方法在“C”型臂X线机监视下置钉，男6例，女9例，年龄为（48.60±7.71）岁。记录并比较两组病人的手术时间、术中透视次数、术中失血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生情况和术后6个月Harris评分。结果 本研究共置入90枚空心螺钉，每例病人置入3枚空心螺钉。病人均获得随访，随访时间为6~12个月，平均8.7个月。观察组病人手术时间、术中透视次数、术中失血量、住院时间均显著优于对照组［（56.93±5.65） min vs. （69.87±3.96） min，（12.73±1.28）次 vs. （18.87±2.47）次，（12.60±1.80） mL vs. （25.53±2.39） mL，（8.67±1.18） d vs. （10.87±1.19） d］，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随访期间两组病人髋部疼痛明显缓解，骨折均愈合良好，无明显并发症发生，观察组病人骨折愈合时间优于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后6个月观察组髋关节Harris评分显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 与传统“C”型臂X线机监视下置钉相比，骨科手术机器人辅助空心螺钉内固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折，可以显著缩短病人的手术时间和住院时间，减少病人术中透视次数和术中失血量，更有利于病人髋关节功能的恢复，临床效果满意。     

Novel Claw-shaped Bone Plate in Complex Unstable Scapular Neck and Body Fractures: Comparison with Reconstruction Locking Plate

Objective

For complex and unstable scapular fractures requiring simultaneous fixation of the glenoid neck, the lateral margin of the body, and/or the scapular diaphysis, reconstruction locking plate is difficult to achieve satisfactory fixation. In order to optimize the fixation effect, the newly designed claw-shaped bone plate was designed for fixing such fractures. We also evaluate the clinical effects and follow-up at an average of 1 year after treatment in scapular internal fixation by using reconstruction locking plate and claw-shaped bone plate in complex unstable scapular body and glenoid neck fracture.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2021, thirty-three patients (27 males and six females) who were defined unstable scapular fractures by Ada–Miller. Fifteen patients (52.86 ± 8.26 years) received claw-shaped bone plate and 18 cases (51.61 ± 11.31 years) received reconstruction locking plate with the intermuscular approach. The clinical effect was evaluated based on the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical complications, clinical healing time and Constant–Murley score (CMS). The data analysis by Student t, Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson's chi squared test.

Results

Compared with reconstruction locking plate, the claw-shaped bone plate showed shorter operation time (102.73 ± 18.43 min vs. 156 ± 37.53, P < 0.0001), higher CMS (94.00 ± 4.07 vs. 89.88 ± 5.42, P = 0.02) and no differences between the two groups regarding intraoperative blood loss (208.00 ± 96.45 mL vs. 269.44 ± 120.21, P = 0.12) and clinical healing times (9.96 ± 1.52 vs. 10.05 ± 1.67, P = 0.87). Follow-up were conducted at first, third, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The operation was successful in all patients with no intraoperative complications.

Conclusions

For the treatment of complex and unstable scapular neck body fractures, the application of claw-shaped bone plate demonstrated short operation time, better stability of the fracture block, and higher CMS. In the intraoperative and postoperative follow-up showed better clinical results and rehabilitation effects.     

Manual Wheelchair Configuration in Unilateral Upper- and Lower-Extremity Propulsion: A Randomized Crossover Study to Assess Effects of Rear Wheel Axle Position and Frame Type

ObjectiveTo evaluate independence and exertion when using a lightweight wheelchair in comparison with ultra-lightweight wheelchairs (rigid and folding) for individuals with brain injury using a hemipropulsion technique.DesignRandomized cross-over.SettingRehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsIndividuals diagnosed with brain injury resulting in hemiplegia using a hemipropulsion technique to mobilize in a manual wheelchair for at least 4 hours per day were recruited for this study.InterventionsEighteen participants were randomly assigned to complete skills and endurance testing in 3 different wheelchair configurations over a 3-week period: lightweight wheelchair; ultra-lightweight folding wheelchair; and ultra-lightweight rigid wheelchair.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome in this study was the percentage capacity score from the modified Wheelchair Skills Test 4.1. Secondary outcomes included the Wheelchair Propulsion Test, 100-m Push Test, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion.ResultsSignificant differences were found in the Wheelchair Skills Test (total score, low rolling resistance score, and the goal attainment score) favoring the ultra-lightweight wheelchairs over the lightweight wheelchair (P=.002, .001, and .016, respectively). Time to complete the 100-m push test was significantly faster for the ultra-lightweight rigid frame in comparison with the lightweight frame (P=.001; 30.89 seconds faster). Significance differences were not seen with the Wheelchair Propulsion Test measures across any of the wheelchair frames. Heart rate change and of perceived exertion were significantly lower for the ultra-lightweight rigid group in comparison with the lightweight group (P=.006 and .013, respectively).ConclusionsThese data suggest that using an ultra-light weight wheelchair may lead to improved ability to complete wheelchair skills needed for successful mobility and a decrease in the actual and perceived physiological burden associated with propulsion in comparison to a lightweight wheelchair. A rigid frame may also enable faster mobility in comparison to a folding frame when hemi-propelling.