椎弓根固定结合经椎间孔椎间融合治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳

目的：探讨经肌间隙入路椎弓根固定结合经椎间孔椎间融合（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳的临床疗效。方法：2008年3月至2010年5月收治35例复发性腰椎间盘突出症,其中15例行经肌间隙入路单边椎弓根固定结合TLIF术式（单边固定组）,20例行后正中入路双边椎弓根固定结合后路椎间植骨融合（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）术式（双边固定组）.观察手术时间、术中出血量,并比较手术前后两组患者JOA评分、腰痛及腿痛VAS评分及融合情况。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间6～30个月,平均16.8个月。两组患者腰腿痛等临床症状较术前明显缓解,X线片显示植骨融合良好（双边固定组中1例未融合）,无融合器移位、下沉及内固定器械松动或断裂。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）.术后JOA评分均较术前降低（P<0.05）.术后1周,两组患者腰痛VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,腿痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;末次随访,腰痛及腿痛VAS评分两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）.结论：两种术式在治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳均可达到满意的疗效,经肌间隙入路单边椎弓根固定结合TLIF术式切口较小,手术时间较短,术中出血量较少,术后腰痛缓解较快。     

局麻下椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的: 探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性骨折的临床疗效. 方法: 自2007年5月至2010年5月,局麻下采用椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折129例,男47例,女82例;年龄61～92岁,平均73.7岁;胸椎88节,腰椎101节. 观察手术前后VAS评分的变化、椎体高度改变、局部Cobb角的改善情况. 结果: 所有患者顺利完成手术,随访时间24～60个月,平均34.2个月. 腰痛VAS评分术前为7.9±2.5,术后2周、末次随访时分别为2.8±1.8、3.0±2.2,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).椎体高度术后得到部分恢复,Cobb角术前(28.3±13.7)°,术后2周、末次随访时分别为(16.2±9.8)°、(19.1±10.3)°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).术中发生骨水泥外漏23例(17.8%),其中1例出现短暂神经根压迫症状. 术后发生呼吸暂停1例,经抢救恢复;肠梗阻1例,经治疗好转;骨水泥致椎体骨折分离1例;邻椎骨折4例. 结论: 椎体后凸成形术是治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的微创外科手术,其创伤小,止痛效果好,可有效维持骨折稳定,近期、中期疗效肯定,远期有待继续随访. 手术适应证的掌握及手术技术的提高是防止并发症的关键,其中骨水泥外漏是最常见的并发症.     

The function of SOX2 in breast cancer and relevant signaling pathway

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the functional roles of SOX2 in the progression of breast cancer and relevant molecular mechanism.MethodsA total of 108 breast cancer patients were included, and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was selected for this research. Real time-qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to measure the expression level of SOX2 mRNA. MTT and Transwell assays were used to detected the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to reveal the relationship of SOX2 with PTEN. Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins.ResultsThe expression of SOX2 mRNA was up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells (P < 0.001). SOX2 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer patients (P < 0.05). SOX2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (P < 0.05). PTEN was a direct target of SOX2. The inhibition of PTEN could significantly suppress the progression of breast cancer cells with SOX2 overexpression. SOX2 knockdown also inhibited the expressions of β-catenin, TCP-4, FZD7, C-myc and MMP-7 proteins. Moreover, PTEN knockdown reversed the results caused by SOX2 overexpression, that is, increased expressions of β-catenin, TCP-4, FZD7, C-myc and MMP-7 proteins (P < 0.05).ConclusionSOX2 promotes the progression of breast cancer through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via regulating PTEN.     

Mapping the continuum of care to surgery following traumatic spinal cord injury

BackgroundTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury, frequently resulting in paralysis and a lifetime of medical and social problems. Reducing time to surgery may improve patient outcomes. A vital first step to reduce times is to map current pathways of care from injury to surgery, identify rapid care pathways and factors associated with rapid care pathway times.MethodsA retrospective review of the Alfred Trauma Service records was undertaken for all cases of spinal injury recorded in the Alfred Trauma Registry over a three year period. Patients with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) code matching 148 codes for spinal injury were included in the study. Information extracted from the Alfred Trauma Registry included demographic, clinical and key care timelines.ResultsOf the 342 cases identified, 119 had SCI. The average age of SCI patients was 52 years, with 84% male. The vast majority of SCI patients experienced multiple concurrent injuries (87%). Median time from injury to surgery was 17 h r 28 min for SCI patients in comparison to 28 h r 23 min for non-SCI patients. Three pathways to surgery were identified following Trauma Centre presentation- transfer to surgery direct from trauma unit (median time to surgery was 4 h 17 min.), via Intensive Care (median time to surgery was 24 h 33 min) and via the ward (median time to surgery 28 h r 35 min.) SCI was independently associated with the fastest pathway - direct transfer from trauma unit to surgery - with 41% of SCI cases transferred directly to surgery from the trauma unit.ConclusionNotwithstanding that the vast majority of SCI patients presented with other traumatic injuries, half of all SCI cases reached surgery within 18 h of injury, with 25% within 9 h. SCI was independently associated with direct transfer to surgery from the trauma unit. SCI patients achieve rapid times to surgery within a complex trauma service. Furthermore, the trauma system is well positioned to implement further time reductions to surgery for SCI patients.     

腰椎间盘高度与椎间孔相关的解剖学研究

目的动态观察腰椎间盘高度丢失、造成腰椎间孔狭窄和神经根压迫的形态学变化,为临床诊断和治疗提供解剖学依据。方法采用6具正常成人腰椎解剖标本(L1-S1),腰椎间盘正常自然高度为对照组(A组);用同一标本行腰椎间盘切除,椎间隙分别插入4、3、2和1mm厚度的硅胶垫片,并且轴向施加压力,为4个实验组(B、C、D、E组)。然后动态观察和测量腰椎间孔大小与神经根受压迫的情况。结果直接观察和测量结果显示A组神经根位于椎间孔的上1/2;脊神经前根直径由L1(1.1±0.3)mm逐渐增大到L5(2.0±0.9)mm;脊神经后根直径由L1(2.0±1.1)mm逐渐增大到L5(3.8±0.4)mm;背根神经节最大直径由L1(3.9±0.8)mm逐渐增大到L5(7.1±0.9)mm。在椎间孔矢状面上脊神经前根位于背根神经节的腹侧5或7点钟处。B组全部腰椎间孔矢状径缩小,但是神经根未受压迫。C组L3,4、L4,5和L5S1椎间孔出现垂直狭窄,椎间盘膨出将神经根向头侧抬起,上位椎体的椎弓根下缘下移,神经根和脊神经节受到垂直方向压迫。D组L4,5和L5S1神经根和脊神经节受到来自前方的腰椎间盘和后方黄韧带以及下位腰椎的上关节突的横向压迫。A组与E组相比较,神经根袖与硬膜囊的夹角L3由33.6°±6.5°增大到39.7°±7.1°,L4由29.3°±7.5°增大到40.1°±5.2°和L5由20.1°±5.3°增大到46.2°±7.3°。结论下腰椎间盘高度≤3mm可以作为椎间孔狭窄诊断的参考标准。对于非手术失败的病例,手术行椎间孔减压,恢复椎间隙高度以及腰椎稳定性是治疗椎间孔狭窄的关键。     

前后关节囊入路对全髋关节置换术后早期外展肌影响的病例对照研究

目的 :探讨前关节囊入路和后关节囊入路对全髋关节置换术后早期髋关节外展肌力及外展功能的影响。方法:自2009年5月至2011年4月共施行全髋置换术149例,随访130例,分为改良Gibson前外侧切口的前关节囊入路(A组)65例和常规Gibson后外侧切口的后关节囊入路(B组)65例。A组男26例,女39例;年龄(72.5±8.3)岁;体重指数(24.7±3.7)kg/m2;健侧外展肌力(1.08±0.49)N·m/kg。B组男30例,女35例;年龄(71.6±7.1)岁;体重指数(25.5±3.9)kg/m2;健侧外展肌力(1.05±0.51)N·m/kg。另外招募60名60~80岁志愿者作为年龄相关对照组,男33例,女32例;年龄(73.1±7.5)岁;体重指数(24.2±3.8)kg/m2;股外侧肌力(1.17±0.53)N·m/kg。A组、B组及年龄相关对照组在年龄、体重指数及健侧外展肌力(骨折患者采取健侧测量)方面差异无统计学意义。分别测量和记录两组术后第1、2、3、6、12个月术髋股外侧肌肌力、髋关节外展活动角度及髋关节Harris评分。对两组手术路径进行解剖学比较,并对股外侧肌肌力、髋关节外展度及功能的恢复进行量化分析和比较。结果:术后1、2、3、6、12个月股外侧肌肌力A组分别为(0.53±0.13)、(0.66±0.21)、(0.85±0.15)、(0.95±0.19)、(1.03±0.13)N·m/kg,B组分别为(0.46±0.14)、(0.57±0.18)、(0.78±0.12)、(0.85±0.18)、(0.98±0.14)N·m/kg,术后前6个月A组患者股外侧肌肌力优于B组,术后12个月两组患者股外侧肌肌力差异无统计学意义;术后1、2、3、6、12个月髋关节外展角度A组分别为(25.35±4.31)°、(36.53±5.13)°、(48.07±1.62)°、(61.53±1.77)°、(68.62±3.16)°,B组分别为(23.47±2.41)°、(33.42±4.23)°、(46.64±2.51)°、(60.96±1.75)°、(67.47±4.36)°,前3个月A组患者髋关节外展角度大于B组。术后1、2、3、6、12个月Harris评分,A组分别为72.23±2.57、79.36±3.91、84.75±3.17、88.63±2.16和95.21±1.37,B组分别为71.58±3.62、78.96±2.21、83.97±3.57、87.92±2.94和94.83±1.62,两组差异无统计学意义。同时,A组手术入路肌肉累及和损伤少于B组,尤其是外展肌的损伤少于B组。结论:两种关节囊入路的全髋关节置换术,采用改良Gibson切口前关节囊入路术中对外展肌的手术干扰更少,术后早期外展肌肌力和外展活动度恢复更快。     

前臂骨间背侧神经的解剖学研究及临床应用

目的　为减少前臂骨间背侧神经（posterior interosseous nerve of forearm, PINOF）的损伤提供解剖学资料,并探讨手术安全性。　方法　在30具（60例）成人尸体上,通过肘关节外侧切口,在桡骨近端后外侧或外侧面,放置1块4　cm长的微型钢板。对PINOF的起点和该神经与微型钢板的关系等进行观测。　结果　PINOF起点距桡骨头上缘的距离为（1.1±1.8）　mm。桡侧腕长伸肌肌支发出点距桡骨头上缘的距离为（6.2±1.9）　mm。56例（93%）PINOF至微型钢板的距离为（5.0±1.1）　mm,4例（7%）PINOF通过微型钢板远端的上方进入旋后肌。前臂旋前位时,PINOF离开该切口,向内侧移动的距离为（10.0±1.3）　mm。应用改良式预弯微型钢板治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折11例,伴发外伤性和术中牵拉造成PINOF损伤各1例。11例均获随访,平均随访25个月,2例PINOF损伤完全恢复,平均恢复时间2.8个月。　结论　采用肘关节外侧切口时,在桡骨近端的外侧面或后外侧面,距离桡骨头上缘3.5　cm的范围内,是放置微型钢板的安全区。     

椎动脉三维CT血管成像的应用及临床意义

目的：探讨椎动脉型颈椎病患者椎动脉三维CT血管成像的影像学特征及其临床意义。方法：86例拟诊为椎动脉型颈椎病患者接受椎动脉三维CT血管成像(three-dimensional CT angiographic imaging,3D-CTA)检查，重建椎动脉和颈椎骨及颅内椎-基底动脉，在CTA上观察椎动脉的外形、行经及与颈椎骨的关系。结果：86例患者的椎动脉CTA重建图像中血管先天畸形15例，血管硬化21例，骨质增生或纤维组织增生致血管局部受压38例，血管闭塞1例，血管瘤1例；椎动脉正常10例。先天畸形中发育异常9例，表现为整条血管纤细，直径小于2．5mm；走行异常6例。血管硬化表现为血管壁粗糙、不规则、粗细不均匀、钙化等。结论：CTA诊断椎动脉先天畸形和血管硬化有独到之处，椎动脉先天畸形和血管硬化是椎动脉型颈椎病发病的重要因素之一。     

全膝关节置换术治疗合并帕金森病骨关节炎患者的中期随访和临床疗效分析

目的 :探讨全膝关节置换术治疗伴有帕金森病的膝关节骨关节炎的患者的中期随访的临床疗效及经验总结。方法:收集自2011年1月至2014年1月收治19例(21膝)全膝关节置换术治疗帕金森合并膝关节骨性关节炎的患者,其中男9例,女10例;年龄61~83岁,平均71.3岁,术前及术后查影像学结果,评估影像学表现。采用VAS疼痛评分及膝关节评分系统KSS评价临床效果。术前对患者进行帕金森病Hoehn-Yahr分级:1期3例,1.5期4例,2期5例,2.5期4例,3期2例,4期1例。结果:19例患者获得随访,时间3~7年,平均4.3年。患者疼痛均较术前明显减轻或消失。所有患者切口Ⅰ期愈合。末次随访时,3例有膝前疼痛,其中轻度疼痛1例,中度2例,无重度疼痛。患者VAS评分由术前的8.4±1.3降低到末次随访时的3.1±1.2(P0.05)。KSS评分由术前的43.6±7.3提高到末次随访时的91.8±10.6(P0.05)。帕金森病情在药物控制下进展不明显。X线检查未见假体松动及下沉断裂。结论:人工全膝关节置换术在帕金森病人中的应用是一种安全有效的方法。中期随访疗效较满意。     

重症监护护士职业倦怠现状及相关因素调查

目的 调查重症监护护士职业倦怠状态以及相关因素.方法 选择我市10所二甲以上级别医院重症监护室护士共269名护理人员作为调查对象,采用护士职业倦怠问卷、护士工作压力量表、一般自我效能感问卷、应付方式问卷等进行调查.结果 ICU护理人员职业倦怠程度高于常模（P＜0.01）.常被投诉、参加过专科培训与职业倦怠的情感耗竭维度呈正相关,而参加过沟通培训与其呈负相关（P均＜ 0.05）.常被投诉与职业倦怠的去人格化呈正相关（P＜0.01）.参加过沟通培训班与个人成就感维度呈正相关,而常被投诉与其呈负相关（P＜0.05）.结论 常被投诉影响到职业倦怠的各个维度,而参加过沟通培训则能改善护理人员的职业倦怠.