Langerhans cell histiocytosis of spine: a comparative study of clinical,imaging features,and diagnosis in children,adolescents, and adults

Background contextLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the spine has been well documented in the literature, but most studies concern management of the disease. No focused report on the differences in clinical and radiographic features of spinal LCH among children, adolescents, and adults exists.PurposeTo review and stress the clinical and imaging differences of spinal LCH in children, adolescents, and adults to avoid false diagnosis.Study designA retrospective study of children and adults with LCH of the spine.Patient sampleConsecutive patients treated at our institution.Outcome measuresVisual analog scale for pain, Frankel scale for neurologic status, and X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for imaging.MethodsSeventy-six patients with pathology-proven LCH involving the spine were treated at our institution between 1996 and 2010. Only patients with spine involvement pathologically and/or radiographically were included. Two groups were identified based on the age. Group I comprised children and adolescents (age <18 years; n=40) and Group II comprised adults (age ≥18 years; n=36). Analysis included age and gender distribution, clinical presentation, and imaging features and diagnosis. Pathologic diagnosis was performed by needle or open biopsy of the lesions.ResultsOf the 76 patients, 55 were male and 21 were female (ratio of 2.62:1). Neck or back pain was the most common symptom in all patients and was the only presenting symptom in some patients. Restricted motion of spine was the most frequent symptom secondary to pain. Thirty-seven patients presented with neurologic symptoms. Adult patients were more likely to suffer neurologic deficits (p<.005). The distribution of lesions revealed predominance in the cervical spine, followed by thoracic and lumbosacral spine. Plain radiology of children and adolescents with spinal LCH usually revealed a typical vertebral plana, but the adult patients represented different severity of vertebral collapse without typical features. The images of CT scans between the two groups were similar, and all revealed lytic lesions in vertebral bodies and/or posterior elements. In Group I, lesions showed hypointense on T1-weighted images in 15 cases and isointense in 25 cases. Nineteen patients presented as intermediate to slight high signal on T2-weighted images, and the remaining patients presented as hyperintense on T2-weighted images. In Group II, lesions showed hypointense on T1-weighted images in 29 cases, isointense on T1-weighted images in seven cases, and hyperintense on T2-weighted images in 36 cases. Paraspinal soft tissue mass was detected in 28 and 23 cases in Group I and Group II, respectively. Fifteen children and adolescent patients versus 23 adult patients had epidural spinal cord compression. Oversleeve-like or dumbbell sign was observed in 21 cases in Group I but only in four cases in Group II.ConclusionsThe most common clinical manifestations of LCH of the spine were neck or back pain, followed by restricted motion of spine, neurologic symptoms, and deformity. Neurologic deficits were more frequent in adult patients. Vertebral plana is the typical imaging feature in children and adolescent patients but seldom in adults. Computed tomography is best for characterizing anatomy of the involved vertebra, and MRI is best for delineating marrow and soft tissue. The oversleeve-like sign on MRI may be a feature of spinal LCH as well as vertebra plana in children and adolescents. Needle biopsy under CT guidance should be performed before a treatment strategy is determined.     

载三联抗痨药硫酸钙/聚氨基酸人工骨植入脊柱结核病灶内：植骨界面的组织学改变

BACKGROUND: Most researchers have devoted to study the control-release system in spinal tuberculosis focus and implant material for bone defects, but the effective combination to obtain a novel implant material and its treatment outcomes are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the histological change of the implant-bone interface after implantation of the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone carrying triple-anti-tuberculosis drugs including isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in a rabbit model of spinal tuberculosis, and to assess the fusion ability of the material. METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experiment, control and blank control groups (n=12 per group). Models of spinal tuberculosis were established in the rabbits and randomly assigned into either experiment or control groups, followed by implantation with the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone carrying triple-anti-tuberculosis drugs including isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, or the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone, respectively. Healthy controls received the implantation with calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone only. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the artificial bone was covered by fibers and tightly adhered to the wound in each group at 2 weeks after implantation, the graft started to degrade obviously at the 4th week, degraded mostly at the 8th week, and disappeared completely at the 16th week. There was obvious callus formation at 4 weeks after implantation in the experiment group, but the bone healing was later than that of the blank control group. The bone healing ended in the control group. In the blank control group, callus formation and early osteogenesis appeared at the 4th week, and healed completely at the 16th week. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope revealed that osteoblasts could crawl through the gap of materials to form new bone. These results suggest that the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone carrying triple-anti-tuberculosis drugs can be used as a scaffold, and osteocytes in the bone defect area can crawl through the gap of materials, thereby promoting bone osseointegration at the bone-implant interface.     

经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(Percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2017-01-2019-12采用PKP治疗的265例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折,比较术前、术后1 d、术后3个月、术后6个月疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数、椎体前缘高...     

胸腰椎结核的器械内固定策略

正脊柱结核的外科治疗是困扰脊柱外科医生工作的一个难点,在本期的几篇文章中~([1-4]),作者对脊柱结核病灶清除方法和内固定方法做出了创新性的探索,并取得了较为理想的临床疗效,但存在样本量较小、随访时间较短的缺点,仍需大样本的前瞻性临床试验来进一步验证。关于脊柱结     

新型冠状病毒感染者脊柱外科急诊手术的围手术期管理专家共识

自2019年12月以来,已有200余个国家和地区相继报道了新型冠状病毒感染病例,世界卫生组织（WHO）于2020年3月12日宣布新型冠状病毒全球大流行,截至6月18日,全球已累计有824万余人感染,44万余人死亡,对全世界医疗、政治和经济领域影响巨大^［1-2］。WHO将其命名为“2019冠状病毒感染性疾病”（COVID-19）,病原体被命名为重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）^［3-6］。按照《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》,COVID-19被纳入乙类传染病,采取甲类传染病的预防控制措施^［7］。     

血氧依赖功能磁共振成像联合IMRT技术在胶质瘤术后放疗语言功能区保护中的应用

目的 探讨血氧依赖功能磁共振成像（blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging,BOLD-fMRI）联合调强放疗（IMRT）技术对单侧额、颞叶脑胶质术后放疗患者的语言功能区保护的临床应用价值。方法 选取27例单侧额、颞叶脑胶质瘤术后放疗患者,放疗前行定位CT及BOLD-fMRI检查,在定位CT及3D T1融合图上勾画出语言功能区。运用IMRT技术制定常规放疗计划和语言功能区保护性放疗计划,比较分析两种计划PTV的最大辐射剂量（D_max）、平均辐射剂量（D_mean）、靶区适形度（CI）、剂量均匀性（HI）以确保保护性放疗计划达到放疗标准,再比较分析语言功能区所受的D_max、D_mean,分析保护性放疗计划语言功能区的D_max、D_mean的变化。结果 常规放疗计划和保护性放疗计划PTV的CI、HI、D_max及D_mean差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与常规放疗计划相比,保护性放疗计划中患者的Wernicke区和Broca区（健侧及患侧）的D_max、D_mean有所降低,其中健侧降低明显,差异有统计学意义（t=3.073~12.707,P<0.05）。结论 BOLD-fMRI联合IMRT技术既能保证脑胶质瘤术后放疗患者的靶区治疗剂量又能降低语言功能区的辐射剂量。汉语朗读任务及段落理解任务作为脑肿瘤术后患者语言功能区的刺激模式,任务简单,效果确切。