螃蟹甲大孔吸附树脂50%乙醇洗脱物对大鼠CCl4肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨螃蟹甲中大孔吸附树脂50%乙醇洗脱物对四氢化碳(CCl_4)致急性肝损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,联苯双酯组(联苯双酯滴丸100 mg·kg~(-1)),螃蟹甲大孔吸附树脂50%乙醇洗脱物(EPY-50)高、中、低剂量组(400,200,50 mg·kg~(-1)),连续ig给药4 d,正常组和模型组均ig给予纯化水,第3天给药1 h后,ip 15%CCl_4橄榄油,正常组ip橄榄油,染毒2,22 h后再次给药,末次给药1 h后,眼眶静脉丛采血,测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平,处死大鼠剖取肝脏,测肝指数及肝组织中MDA,SOD,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH)含量,并做肝脏组织病理学检查。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清中AST,ALT水平显著增加(P0.01),肝组织匀浆液中的MDA含量明显升高(P0.05),SOD,GSH含量均明显降低(P0.05),肝脏指数显著增加(P0.01),表明CCl_4造模成功。与模型组比较,EPY-50高、中剂量组能显著降低CCl_4致急性肝损伤大鼠血清中AST,ALT水平(P0.05,P0.01),并显著减少肝组织中MDA含量,提高SOD,GSH的含量,降低肝指数(P0.05,P0.01),改善肝组织病理状态。结论:EPY-50对大鼠CCl_4致急性肝损伤有保护作用,其作用机制可能与其抗氧化活性有关。     

种植肿瘤细胞数对小鼠皮下移植瘤生长及抗癌药疗效的影响

目的：研究种植肿瘤细胞数对小鼠皮下移植瘤生长及抗癌药疗效的影响。方法：小鼠右前腋窝皮下种植不同数目的小鼠肉瘤S180细胞、小鼠肝癌H22细胞和小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞，观察肿瘤的生长情况，并观察常用抗癌药阿霉素、卡铂、环磷酰胺和5-氟尿嘧啶在种植不同肿瘤细胞数时作用强度。结果：种植肿瘤细胞数越多，肿瘤生长越快，出瘤时间越早，抗癌药抑瘤率越低。结论：种植肿瘤细胞数直接影响小鼠皮下移植瘤的生长速度，也影响对抗癌药疗效的评价。抗癌药抑瘤率受种植肿瘤细胞数的影响，在进行抗癌药活性评价时，应加注意。     

基于质量综合评价指数的药材品质快速评价

目的首次提出质量综合评价指数(Fq)的概念,并以当归Angelicae sinensis药材为例,通过多项检测指标的整合分析,建立一种药材品质综合评价与等级划分的方法。方法采用《中国药典》2020年版方法对当归药材中总灰分(x1)、酸不溶性灰分(x2)、水分(x3)、浸出物(x4)、挥发油(x5)和阿魏酸(x6)6项指标进行测定。利用近红外光谱技术(NIRS)构建上述检测指标与光谱之间的拟合模型,并开展多批次样品的系统检测建立数据库。通过定义Fq为各项指标的含量(xi)与其多批次均值(xi)偏离度(Ki)的加合,并基于其对药材品质的贡献引入权重分配系数(Wi),通过正交优化确立综合评价公式。结果所建立的上述6项指标的近红外预测模型效果良好,并应用其完成了对200份当归样本的测定,建立了数据样本库。各检测指标经偏离度计算及权重分配优化,最终确定当归药材的综合评价指数公式。经统计所收集当归样品的Fq值呈高斯分布,按照正态分布概率将样品平均分为5个等级区域,其不合格样品与优质样本可以得到明显区分,等级评价效果较好。结论该方法基于现行的《中国药典》监管体系实现了对当归药材品质的快速综合评价与等级区分,为中药材的科学监管研究提供了新的解决方案。     

高速逆流色谱分离纯化天然产物中生物碱类成分的应用进展

高速逆流色谱技术（HSCCC）是一种新型的液-液分配色谱技术。介绍了HSCCC在分离纯化天然产物方面的优势以及近年来该技术在分离纯化天然产物中生物碱成分的研究进展,包括高速逆流色谱技术分离纯化已知和未知天然产物生物碱类成分、筛选生物碱活性成分;对新近发展的pH-区带精制逆流色谱、正交轴逆流色谱等新型的高速逆流色谱技术在分离纯化天然产物中生物碱成分的应用状况,高速逆流色谱与其他各种分析检测技术的联用进行了综述。     

当归药材不同提取部分的指纹图谱分析

目的： 将当归药材用不同溶剂处理,得到当归水提醇沉（SCS）部分、醇提取物（CTW）部分以及挥发油部分,建立当归不同提取部分的HPLC和GC指纹图谱,比较当归不同提取部分中化学成分的差异,为全面评价当归药材的质量提供参考。 方法： 采用HPLC和GC对10批当归药材的不同提取部分的指纹图谱进行研究。用中药色谱指纹图谱计算机辅助相似性评价系统软件对数据进行分析,并对方法进行评价。 结果： 建立了10批当归药材不同提取部分的指纹图谱,鉴别了SCS部分的4个成分、CTW部分的7个成分、以及挥发油部分的3个成分。 结论： 该实验方法准确、可靠、重复性好,建立的当归模式指纹图谱可以全面反映当归药材中化学成分的分布,可以作为当归药材及其制剂质量控制的参考依据。     

当归药材安全性的灰色关联度评价

目的:建立当归药材安全性的灰色关联度模型并进行安全性评价。方法:测定不同产地当归药材中总灰分、酸不溶性灰分以及铅、镉、砷、汞、铜5种有害重金属元素含量,以定义的相对关联度为测度,采用DPS V 7.0.5统计软件构建当归药材安全性的灰色关联度评价模型。结果:各评价单元序列的相对关联度在0.380 5~0.600 0,相对关联度<0.500 0的样本共有25批,这些样本的安全性较好,主要是甘肃岷县、渭源县、漳县以及云南所产的当归样本;相对关联度排名在前25名的样本中,甘肃岷县产有9批,甘肃渭源县产有3批,甘肃漳县产有3批,云南产有4批,分别占各自产地样本总数的90.0%,50.0%,60.0%,100%;通过该模型得到的结论与当归药材的道地性内涵相一致。结论:该方法及模型可推广应用于当归药材的安全性评价。     

The geometric control of E14 and R1 mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency by plasma polymer surface chemical gradients

Plasma polymer surfaces were fabricated such that the cell response to a range of carboxylic acid concentrations on a single sample could be investigated. Surface chemical gradients from hydrophobic plasma polymerised octadiene (OD) to a more hydrophilic plasma polymerised acrylic acid (AA) were formed on glass coverslips. Surface characterisation of the chemical gradients was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine elemental composition. Following culture of E14 and R1 mouse embryonic stem cells (mES) in differing culture media, cell pluripotency was determined by alkaline phosphatase staining. The results demonstrate that for these cell lines the capacity for self-renewal is maintained if the cells are restricted in their spreading to <120 μm².     

Androgens have antiresorptive effects on trabecular disuse osteopenia independent from muscle atrophy

Aging hypogonadal men are at increased risk of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Testosterone is a potentially appealing strategy to prevent simultaneous bone and muscle loss. The androgen receptor (AR) mediates antiresorptive effects on trabecular bone via osteoblast-lineage cells, as well as muscle-anabolic actions. Sex steroids also modify the skeletal response to mechanical loading. However, it is unclear whether the effects of androgens on bone remain effective independent of mechanical stimulation or rather require indirect androgen effects via muscle. This study aims to characterize the effects and underlying mechanisms of androgens on disuse osteosarcopenia. Adult male mice received a unilateral botulinum toxin (BTx) injection, and underwent sham surgery or orchidectomy (ORX) without or with testosterone (ORX + T) or dihydrotestosterone (ORX + DHT) replacement. Compared to the contralateral internal control hindlimb, acute trabecular number and bone volume loss was increased by ORX and partially prevented DHT. T was more efficient and increased BV/TV in both hindlimbs over sham values, although it did not reduce the detrimental effect of BTx. Both androgens and BTx regulated trabecular osteoclast surface as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression. Androgens also prevented BTx-induced body weight loss but did not significantly influence paralysis or muscle atrophy. BTx and ORX both reduced cortical thickness via endosteal expansion, which was prevented by T but not DHT. In long-term follow-up, the residual trabecular bone volume deficit in sham-BTx hindlimbs was prevented by DHT but T restored it more efficiently to pre-treatment levels. Conditional AR deletion in late osteoblasts and osteocytes or in the satellite cell lineage increased age-related trabecular bone loss in both hindlimbs without influencing the effect of BTx on trabecular osteopenia. We conclude that androgens have antiresorptive effects on trabecular disuse osteopenia which do not require AR actions on bone via muscle or via osteocytes.