基于AFLP分子标记的我国不同生态栽培产区枸杞资源遗传多样性分析

目的 利用荧光标记辅助的扩增片段长度多态性（amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP）技术，从基因组DNA水平上分析我国6个栽培生产区域52份枸杞Lycium chinense样本的遗传多样性。方法 对提取的枸杞DNA样本进行酶切、连接、预扩增和选扩增等步骤，扩增产物经毛细管电泳系统分离和数据采集后，利用Popgene软件计算遗传多样性参数，利用GenAlex软件计算遗传距离并进行主坐标分析，利用MEGA-X软件根据遗传距离进行聚类分析，利用Structure软件进行群体遗传结构分析。结果 共筛选得到10对AFLP选择性扩增引物组合，扩增得到328条扩增片段，其中多态性片段121条，且在不同产地枸杞居群间多态性位点分布不均匀。分析显示不同栽培产区枸杞的遗传多样性较低，等位基因数（observed number of alleles,Na）、有效等位基因数（effective number of alleles,Ne）、观测杂合度（Nei’s gene diversity,H）和香浓信息指数（Shannon information index...     

基于成分-抗氧化活性相关的鸡血藤饮片等级评价研究

目的基于"成分反映活性,活性指向功效"的中药质量控制研究思路,建立鸡血藤饮片等级评价模型。方法采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)技术建立鸡血藤饮片的儿茶素、表儿茶素含量测定方法,以ABTS·+清除率、羟自由基清除率和DPPH·清除率作为体外抗氧化活性评价指标,运用Logistic的二分类算法,将儿茶素、表儿茶素含量指标和抗氧化活性指标进行关联分析,最终建立用于鸡血藤4个等级(优、良、中、差)评价研究的"主成分分析-二分类Logistic回归"模型。结果不同产地鸡血藤饮片的儿茶素和表儿茶素质量分数分别介于0.40~1.26mg/g、0.57~2.02mg/g;抗氧化指标ABTS·+、羟自由基和DPPH·清除率分别介于12.96%~51.76%、30.65%~66.65%、37.65%~60.33%。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,17个批次的鸡血藤及其2个伪品(大血藤和牛马藤)饮片分布在优级、中级、差级各有5个批次,良级有4个批次,拟合概率P值均大于94%。结论基于Logistic回归分析建立的的鸡血藤等级评价模型,可用于不同产地来源鸡血藤的等级划分。     

基于响应曲面法的乳香有效部位提取纯化工艺优化研究

目的对乳香中乳香酸类成分提取纯化工艺进行优选。方法采用UPLC-TQ/MS检测,以乳香中13个乳香酸(3-羰基甘遂-8,24-二烯-21-酸、3α-乙酰甘遂-7,24-二烯-21-酸、3-羟基甘遂烷-8,24-二烯-21-酸、乙酰11α-甲氧基-β-乳香酸、3α-羟基甘燧烷-7,24-二烯-21-酸、11-酮基乳香酸、3-O-乙酰基-α-乳香酸、3α-乙酰氧基-羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-21-酸、3β-乙酰氧基-5α-8,24-羊毛甾二烯-21-酸、3-乙酰基-11-酮基-β-乳香酸、3-乙酰基甲氧基甘遂-8,24-二烯-21-羧酸、α-乳香酸、β-乳香酸)的提取量及浸膏得率为评价指标,通过单因素及响应曲面法考察提取方法、提取溶剂、料液比、提取时间及提取次数对乳香提取工艺的影响;采用碱溶酸沉法纯化乳香提取物,并对纯化工艺参数进行单因素和正交试验考察,确定最佳纯化工艺。结果以95%乙醇20倍量回流提取4次,每次62min为最佳提取工艺;以碱液pH为12～13溶解,在0～4℃用酸液pH2酸沉30 min为最佳纯化工艺,乳香酸类成分纯度可达73.87%。结论此优选的提取纯化工艺稳定可行,适用于乳香有效成分的提取纯化,为其物质基础研究提供科学依据。     

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: Risk factors associated to death in a hospital in Northeastern Brazil

IntroductionCryptococcosis is an opportunistic systemic mycosis caused by pathogenic encapsulated yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with death of patients diagnosed with meningitis due to Cryptococcus spp.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients admitted to the São José Hospital (SJH) with Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis (CM) who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. Data collection was carried out by reviewing the patients’ medical records. Death during hospitalization was considered the primary outcome.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2018, 21,519 patients were admitted to the HSJ, 124 of whom were hospitalized due to CM. The CM incidence rate was 5.8 cases/10³ hospitalizations. We included 112 patients in the study. Male patients were the most affected (82.1%), and the median age was 37 years [IQR: 29–45]. HIV coinfection occurred in 79.4% of the patients. Fever (65.2%) and headache (88.4%) were the most frequent symptoms. Greater cellularity in the CSF was the most related factor to CM in non-HIV individuals (p < 0.05). Death during hospitalization occurred in 28.6% (n = 32) of the patients. The independent risk factors associated with death during the hospitalization were women (p = 0.009), age > 35 years (p = 0.046), focal neurological deficits (p = 0.013), altered mental status (p = 0.018) and HIV infection (p = 0.040). The twelve-month survival was lower in HIV-positive patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionEarly diagnosis, optimal treatment, and clinical follow-up strategies, especially in HIV patients, should be prioritized.     

枸杞叶资源利用古今源流考证分析

枸杞叶是茄科枸杞属植物宁夏枸杞或枸杞的干燥嫩叶,具有悠久的应用历史。系统整理了古代本草、方剂、农书、食谱等著作中枸杞叶的应用记载,梳理了枸杞叶古今药用与食用历史,以期正本清源,为枸杞叶药食两用价值挖掘、枸杞叶药用地位恢复、宁夏枸杞资源综合开发利用与产业链延伸提供理论参考。     

我国矿物药品种概况、市场流通与临床应用调查分析

矿物药是中医药体系的重要组成部分。长期以来，由于矿物药研究涉及学科复杂、具备地质学-中医药学等知识复合型人才缺乏、研究难度大等多种原因，相较于植物药和动物药研究，矿物药科研与创新速度进展缓慢，总体表现为明显的不平衡、不充分状态。关于矿物药品种，从古代本草至如今的市场流通与临床实际应用缺乏较为系统的研究，历史变迁过程不清。从矿物药的概念、分类及古代本草、近现代出版的矿物药专著、主要药学著作、历版《中国药典》、中药材专业市场、中药饮片企业、医疗机构矿物药品种记载、流通与临床应用情况进行了较为系统的调查研究，基本厘清了我国矿物药品种的历史变迁情况，并对矿物药品种存在的主要问题及其研究与发展建议进行了探讨。旨在为矿物药的“传承精华，守正创新”及我国矿物药现代化战略研究规划、矿物药资源产业发展规划等相关政策的制定提供基础参考资料。