组合药物及黄连解毒汤对小檗碱在大鼠脑组织中药动学的影响

目的研究组合药物(小檗碱+黄芩苷+栀子苷)及黄连解毒汤复方对小檗碱在大鼠脑组织药动学的影响。方法 SD大鼠,分为小檗碱(247.39 mg/kg)组、组合药物(小檗碱、黄芩苷、栀子苷,247.39、130.11、113.01 mg/kg)组、黄连解毒汤(3.92 g/kg,小檗碱247.39 mg/kg)组,各组分别ig相应剂量的药物,分别于给药后0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12、24 h各取6只大鼠,处死取脑组织,UPLC-MS法测定小檗碱在脑组织中的质量浓度。计算各组中小檗碱药动学参数。结果与小檗碱组达峰浓度(Cmax 108.01 ng/g)相比,组合药物组小檗碱的Cmax(368.59 ng/g)显著增加,明显高于黄连解毒汤原方给药中小檗碱的Cmax(31.97 ng/g);组合药物组的AUC0~∞(3 236.60 min·ng/g)远大于小檗碱组的AUC_(0~∞)(2 701.37min·ng/g)和黄连解毒汤组的AUC_(0~∞)(420.34 min·ng/g)。结论与小檗碱组相比,组合药物能促进小檗碱进入脑组织,而黄连解毒汤复方抑制小檗碱进入脑组织。     

响应面分析法耦合调节Donnan效应优化苦参提取液的纳滤浓缩工艺

目的利用响应面分析和增强Donnan效应耦合技术对苦参碱的纳滤浓缩工艺进行优化。方法以苦参碱及总生物碱截留率为指标,在明确操作压力、温度、平衡体积等因素影响的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,考察截留相对分子质量、指标成分质量浓度、p H值,得出各因素对截留率的影响程度,设定溶液p H值6~7,以乙醇体积分数调节苦参碱与纳滤膜间的Donnan效应,优选纳滤浓缩参数。结果乙醇体积分数与生物碱截留率呈正相关,优选出纳滤浓缩参数为纳滤膜截留相对分子质量150,p H值6.19,苦参碱质量浓度204.3μg/m L,总生物碱质量浓度603.1μg/m L,乙醇体积分数10%,苦参碱截留率为94.41%,总生物碱截留率97.63%。结论以乙醇溶液调节Donnan效应与响应面法相结合,可用于优选中药纳滤浓缩的参数,为热敏性中药成分的纳滤浓缩提供基础。     

Inhibitory effects of flavonoids extracted from licorice on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pulmonary inflammation in mice

Airway inflammation plays important roles in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and anti-inflammatory treatment effectively improves the symptoms of these diseases. To develop the potentially therapeutic compounds for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation, we investigated the effects of licorice flavonoids (LF) extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute pulmonary inflammation in mice. Acute pulmonary inflammation was induced by intracheal instillation with LPS, treatment with LF at dosages of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg significantly reduced the LPS-induced inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), among these inflammatory cells, LF predominately inhibited neutrophil infiltration, and the maximal effect (30 mg/kg) was as comparable as dexamethasone treatment at 1 mg/kg. Consistent with its effects on neutrophil infiltration, LF treatment significantly increased LPS-induced BALF superoxide dismutase activity, and significantly decreased lung myeloperoxidase activity as well. Furthermore, treatment with LF at 30 mg/kg significantly reduced LPS-induced lung TNFα and IL-1β mRNA expression at 6 h and 24 h after LPS instillation, respectively. Finally, LF at different dosages not only significantly decreased the elevation of lung water content, but also markedly attenuated LPS-induced histological alteration. Therefore, we suggest that LF effectively attenuates LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation through inhibition of inflammatory cells infiltration and inflammatory mediator release which subsequently reduces neutrophil recruitment into lung and neutrophil-mediated oxidative injury, and this study provides with the potential rationale for development of anti-inflammatory compounds from flavonoid extracts of licorice.     

淡竹叶红外光谱的多级鉴定与分析

以淡竹叶及其常见伪品鸭跖草药材红外图谱为依据,分别通过一维红外光谱分析,二阶导数光谱分析和二维相关红外光谱分析的多级鉴定,寻找淡竹叶及其伪品的差异。利用共有峰率和变异峰率2个指标,以11个批次淡竹叶红外图谱为依据,计算并建立共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列,并对其红外图谱数据进行聚类分析,探讨各产地淡竹叶的相似度。结果表明,通过红外光谱多级鉴定,可有效区别淡竹叶及其伪品;通过双指标序列分析和聚类分析2种统计方法,分组结果趋势一致,可有效区分淡竹叶来源产区和品质差异。红外光谱法以其测定快速简便、所需样品量少,结果稳定可靠等特点,为中药真伪鉴别和药材掺假甄别,及其品质差异和产地归属等方面提供了一种快速可靠的新方法。     

不同品种不同生长期桑叶中生物碱类与黄酮类化学成分的积累动态分析评价

对不同品种、不同生长期的11个品种88个桑叶样品中生物碱类、黄酮类资源性化学成分的积累动态进行分析评价, 以期探讨桑叶的适宜采收期及桑叶的资源化利用途径。采用UPLC-TQ/MS联用技术对桑叶中的生物碱类、黄酮类成分进行分析评价。结果表明, 不同品种、不同生长期桑叶中的生物碱类、黄酮类成分含量差异较大, 随着物候期的顺延, 生物碱类成分的含量呈总体下降趋势, 10月份后大幅下降;黄酮类成分的含量变化较小, 10月份之后亦呈下降趋势。广东桑中黄酮类成分远高于生物碱类成分, 而鸡桑则相反;华桑和蒙桑中生物碱类成分在7-8月间迅速下降;白桑中的生物碱类、黄酮类成分含量均处于中等水平。综合分析, 药用桑叶的适宜采收期在9月底10月初。研究结果为桑叶的合理采收及资源化利用提供了科学依据。     

香附四物汤对气滞血瘀证雌性大鼠神经-内分泌-免疫网络的调控与影响

目的： 评价香附四物汤对气滞血瘀证雌性大鼠血液、神经-内分泌-免疫（NEI）系统部分指标的调控与影响。 方法： 选用SD雌性大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药组、香附四物汤组,采用14 d皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素（Adr）0.9 mg·kg^-1·d^-1附加慢性不可预见性刺激复制气滞血瘀证模型,给药组给予香附四物汤干预,酶联免疫法及免疫组化法测定模型大鼠给药前后血浆中白介素-6（IL-6）、白三烯B₄（LTB₄）、雌二醇（E₂）、孕酮（P）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、一氧化氮（NO）等因子含量及下丘脑组织中β-内啡肽水平。PLS-DA法对测定因子统计分析。 结果： 与正常组相比,模型组血液流变学指标显著升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）,血浆凝血酶时间（TT）及活化部分凝血活酶（APTT）时间显著缩短（P<0.01）,凝血酶原时间（PT）及纤维蛋白原无显著改变;血浆中IL-6,P含量显著升高,E₂,PGE₂,NO含量显著降低（P<0.01）,LTB₄含量无显著变化;下丘脑组织β-内啡肽蛋白表达显著降低（P<0.01）;香附四物汤给药组对气滞血瘀证模型有明显改善作用（P<0.01,P<0.05）。PLS-DA统计分析结果表明,血液指标：全血黏度（30 s^-1）、血浆黏度、凝血酶时间;神经系统指标：水平运动次数、β-内啡肽表达荧光面积、垂直运动次数、β-内啡肽表达荧光强度、中心格停留时间;内分泌指标：雌二醇、孕酮;免疫指标：前列腺素E₂为主要差异指标。 结论： 香附四物汤对气滞血瘀证雌性大鼠的血液、神经、内分泌、免疫系统相关生物学指标具有明确的调控作用,该作用与调控内环境稳态有关。     

An attempt to integrate Western and Chinese medicine: rationale for applying Chinese medicine as chronotherapy against cancer

Current Western medical treatment lays its main emphasis on evidence-based medicine (EBM) and cure is assessed by quantifying the effects of treatment statistically.In contrast, in Chinese medicine, cure is generally assessed by evaluating the patient's “pattern” (Zheng) [cf. Glossary] and medicines are prescribed according to this. We believe that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cannot be evaluated precisely according to Western principles, in which a constant amount of the same medicine is given to a group of patients to be evaluated. When assessing cure using TCM, Zheng is more important than the determination of medical effects. This means that quantitative evaluation of TCM treatment can be very difficult.In this paper, we focused on the Yin-Yang [cf. Glossary]balance to determine Zheng, and at the same time attempted to determine the treatment effects by applying the concept of regulation of Yin-Yang according to chronotherapeutic principles.According to Zheng, advanced cancer patients generally lack both Yin and Yang. Chinese medical treatment therefore seeks to supplement both Yin and Yang. However, we divided patients into two groups and compared them with respect to survival. One group was administered a predominantly Yang (Qi) [cf. Glossary] tonic herbal treatment during the daytime, while the other group was administered Yin (Blood) [cf. Glossary] tonics during night time.A comparison of the results of treatment showed that the patients in the group receiving Yang (Qi) replenishment during the daytime lived longer than patients receiving Yin (Blood) nourishment during the night. Moreover, the patients in the daytime Yang (Qi) replenishment group also fared significantly better than patients treated solely by Western methods.     

Macrohemangioma cavernoso hepático y gestación

Hemangiomas are the most frequent liver tumors, occurring in 2% of the adult population. Normally they are isolated lesions, but they can also be multiple. They are composed of vascular spaces of different sizes. Among the possible complications are rupture or bleeding due to trauma, puncture, or the pregnancy.     

A vitamin-E-fortified diet reduces oxidative stress,sympathetic nerve activity,and hypertension in the phenol-renal injury model in rats

Renal injury caused by the injection of phenol in the lower pole of one kidney increases sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and blood pressure (BP), and these effects are mediated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain nuclei involved in the noradrenergic control of BP. This suggests that therapy with antioxidants might be beneficial in this model. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a vitamin (Vit)-E-enriched diet might decrease oxidative stress in the brain and result in reduced SNS activity and BP in animals with phenol-renal injury. To this end, we examined the effects of a Vit-E-fortified diet vs. a control diet on BP, norepinephrine (NE) secretion from the posterior hypothalamic nuclei (PH), and the abundance of several components of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in the brain of rats with phenol-induced renal injury. A Vit-E-fortified diet mitigated the formation of ROS in the brain, and this was associated with reduced SNS activity and BP in rats with phenol-induced renal injury. In conclusion, antioxidants appear to be beneficial in the management of hypertension caused by renal injury and increased SNS activity.