细胞黏附分子CD99在人髓母细胞瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨细胞黏附分子CD99在人髓母细胞瘤组织中的表达特点及其临床意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测107例髓母细胞瘤及15例瘤旁正常脑组织标本中CD99的表达。所有病人均随访至死亡或截止至2013年12月，随访时间为12~80个月，利用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行生存分析。结果 髓母细胞瘤CD99阳性表达率（57.94%，62/107）明显高于瘤周正常脑组织（0%，0/15；P<0.05）。CD99的表达水平与病人性别、年龄、肿瘤的病理组织学分型和分子亚型均无明显相关性（P>0.05）。CD99的高表达与髓母细胞瘤病人的预后呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。结论 CD99高表达与髓母细胞瘤预后显著相关，可作为预后判断的指标及治疗髓母细胞瘤潜在的新靶点。     

小剂量阿托品对急性右冠状动脉梗塞介入治疗术中再灌注心律失常的影响

目的观察小剂量阿托品对急性右冠状动脉梗塞急诊冠状动脉(简称冠脉)介入治疗术中再灌注心律失常的影响。方法 128例冠脉造影显示急性右冠脉闭塞致心肌梗死(简称心梗)患者,分为阿托品组(66例)和对照组(62例),阿托品组冠脉开通前给予小剂量阿托品0.5 mg静脉注射,对照组不给予阿托品干预,观察两组再灌注心律失常发生情况。结果阿托品组发生再灌注心律失常27例,其中快速心律失常16例,缓慢心律失常11例,术后低血压13例,对照组发生再灌注心律失常47例,其中快速心律失常15例,缓慢心律失常32例,术后低血压24例,两组缓慢性心律失常和低血压发生率有显著差异(P<0.05),而两组快速心律失常发生率无统计学差异。结论对急性右冠脉心梗患者,急诊开通冠脉前,给予小剂量阿托品可以减少再灌注引起的缓慢性心律失常及低血压的发生率。     

人工神经导管基础与临床研究进展

周围神经损伤和缺损的治疗是显微外科的难题之一,神经缺损修复,尤其是长段周围神经缺损的重建仍是当前临床医学面临的一个难题,目前尚缺乏有效的治疗手段,一直以来自体神经移植是修复周围神经缺损最理想的手术方法,临床上已广泛应用,也是衡量各种神经桥接材料的"金标准".但往往会造成供体神经支配区感觉、功能障碍,且自体神经来源有限,因而临床上迫切需要更安全有效的治疗策略.近年来组织工程化神经为提高长节段周围神经缺损的修复带来了新希望,因此,寻找合适的组织材料,构建组织工程化神经是目前周围神经再生的研究热点.本文就人工神经移植物材料选择、支架构建及临床应用研究进展作一简要综述.     

The CC and CXC chemokine receptors in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and their involvement in disease and hypoxia responses

Chemokines are vital regulators of cell mobilization for immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. Chemokines signal through binding to their receptors that are a superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors. Recently, a complete repertoire of both CC and CXC chemokines have been identified in channel catfish, but nothing is known about their receptors. In this study, a set of 29 CC chemokine receptor (CCR) genes and 8 CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) genes were identified and annotated from the channel catfish genome. Extensive phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses were conducted to annotate these genes, revealing fish-specific CC chemokine receptors, and lineage-specific tandem duplications of chemokine receptors in the teleost genomes. With 29 genes, the channel catfish genome harbors the largest numbers of CC chemokine receptors among all the genomes characterized. Analysis of gene expression after bacterial infections indicated that the chemokine receptors were regulated in a gene-specific manner. Most differentially expressed chemokine receptors were up-regulated after Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare infection. Among which, CXCR3 and CXCR4 were observed to participate in immune responses to both bacterial infections, indicating their potential roles in catfish immune activities. In addition, CXCR3.2 was significantly up-regulated in ESC-susceptible fish, and CXCR4b was mildly induced in ESC-resistant fish, further supporting the significant roles of CXCR3 and CXCR4 in catfish immune responses. CXCR4b and CCR9a were both up-regulated not only after bacterial infection, but also after hypoxia stress, providing the linkage between bacterial infection and low oxygen stresses. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights into their roles in disease and stress responses.     

Common features of anaphylaxis in children

ObjectiveWe aimed to establish the characteristics of anaphylaxis in childhood.MethodsForty-four patients who had experienced anaphylaxis in a period of 10 years (from 1999 to 2009), were included in the study. Parameters analysed were age, gender, concomitant allergic disease, trigger, setting, clinical symptoms, treatment, prognosis and prophylaxis.ResultsThe total numbers of anaphylaxis cases were 44 in a ten-year period. The ages of patients ranged from 3 to 14 years (11.50 ± 3.87 years) and the majority were male. 33 of the patients (75%) had a concomitant allergic disease. The trigger was determined in 93.2% of the cases, being most frequent: food (27.3%), and SIT (25%), followed by bee sting, medications and others. Respiratory (95.5%), dermatological (90.9%), cardiovascular (20.5%), neuropsychiatric (25%), and gastrointestinal (11.4%) symptoms were seen most frequently. For anaphylaxis triggered by food, the duration of anaphylactic episode was significantly longer (p < 0.05). No biphasic reaction was observed during these attacks. Of our patients, only one developed respiratory failure and cardiac arrest due to SIT, and intensive care support was required.DiscussionAs a trigger for anaphylaxis, the frequency of SIT is so high that it cannot be described by the study group including patients who were followed up in an outpatient allergy clinic.     

Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) release,an early indicator of acute hepatic injury in mice

Three acute hepatic injury models (a CCl₄-induced model, APAP-induced model and ethanol-induced model) in mice were used to study the importance of GSTA1 in acute hepatic injury by comparison with a standard enzyme marker, alanine aminotransferase (ALT). GSTA1 release was demonstrated to be an earlier and more sensitive indicator of hepatotoxicity than was ALT. Significant increases in GSTA1 were detected at 2 h after CCl₄ exposure, while ALT was undetected at this time. GSTA1 was also a more sensitive indicator of hepatotoxicity than ALT after 6 h. In the APAP and ethanol models, GSTA1 was markedly increased earlier than ALT, at 2 h post exposure. The release of GSTA1 was significantly increased at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg (CCl₄ model), 100 mg/kg (APAP model) and 10 ml/kg (ethanol model), the lowest exposure concentration for each model. In contrast, AST release was not statistically significant. These results suggest that GSTA1 can be detected at low concentrations during the early stages of acute hepatic injury and that GSTA1 is a more sensitive and more accurate indicator than ALT.     

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??OBJECTIVE To develop on-line high performance liquid chromatography-biochemical detection (HPLC-BCD) methods to screen effective components in Ginkgo biloba extract for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Radical scavengers and AchE inhibitors in G.biloba leave extract were screened by HPLC-UV-DPPH/ABTS and HPLC-UV-AchE methods, respectively. The stability and repeatability of the on-line HPLC-UV-AchE method were investigated using galanthamine as a positive reference. The main active ingredients in the extract were identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS) method. RESULTS Fourteen antioxidants in G.biloba extract were detected by the HPLC-UV-DPPH/ABTS method, while three AchE inhibitors were found by the HPLC-UV-AchE method. The three AchE inhibitors were tentatively identified by UPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS as 4-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-cis-coumaric acid?? ginkgolide A and 3-O-[2-O-(β-D-Glucosyl)-α-L-rhamnosyl]quercetin, respectively. CONCLUSION The proposed on-line HPLC-BCD method shows high sensitivity, good repeatability and stability. It can be used to screen antioxidants and AchE inhibitors in G. biloba extract. This will provide an effective, quick and convenient analysis tool to quickly find bioactive ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines for treating related diseases.