浅谈供应室高压蒸汽灭菌效果监测的方法及运用

目的：对供应室日常高压灭菌效果的各种监测方法进行分析,为临床控制医院感染提供技术参考。方法：对各项监测手段的原理及实际运用情况进行对比分析,找出优缺点。结果：各项监测方法各有所长,相辅相成共同完成对灭菌物品的质量监测。结论：综合运用各项监测手段进行灭菌物品的质量控制,是确保医院内感染得到有效控制的关键。     

磁性纳米四氧化三铁对小鼠淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞功能影响的初步研究

为了探讨磁性纳米四氧化三铁颗粒(Fe3O4-MNP)对小鼠免疫系统的影响,将ICR小鼠随机分为4组,分别给予生理盐水、低剂量、中剂量和高剂量Fe3O4-MNP,在小鼠经胃灌药后2周处死,测量脾脏重量及小鼠体重并计算脾脏指数;用刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验测定脾淋巴细胞增殖活性,中性红比色法测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果表明,与对照组相比,实验组的脾脏指数并没有明显差异(p0.05)。实验组脾淋巴细胞增殖率均高于对照组,尤其在中剂量组(p0.05),且中剂量组腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率较对照组及其他2个实验组均有明显升高(p0.05)。结论:合适剂量的Fe3O4-MNPs可以增强小鼠淋巴细胞免疫和巨噬细胞吞噬功能。     

The Ability of Baseline Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol Concentrations to Predict Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Men and Women: A Longitudinal Study in Qingdao,China

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) at baseline, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence in a general Chinese population. Further, it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.MethodsQingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012–2015. TG, TC, and T2DM status were measured. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG, TC, and T2DM incidence. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.ResultsThe incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women (P_trend < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression indicated that higher TG {borderline high TG [hazards ratio (HR): 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40, 3.00] and hypertriglyceridemia [HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.68, 4.15]} and TC [hypercholesterolemia (HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.43, 2.95)] were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence in women but not in men. Multivariate Cox regression showed that hypertriglyceridemia in women (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.97), borderline high TC in men (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.48), and hypercholesterolemia in women (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.81, 2.61) had a higher significant risk of T2DM incidence. The optimal cutoff values of TG were > 1.15 and > 1.23 mmol/L in men and women, respectively. For TC, they were > 5.17 and > 5.77 mmol/L in men and women, respectively. The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54 (0.51–0.57) and 0.55 (0.52–0.58), respectively, in men, and 0.60 (0.58–0.62) and 0.59 (0.56–0.61), respectively, in women.ConclusionElevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence. However, no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women. Hence, TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.     

Biomechanical study of different internal fixations in Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture - A finite elements analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate biomechanical behavior of different internal fixation methods for the treatment of Pauwels Type III femoral neck fractures.MethodsThree internal fixators were developed to treat Pauwels Type III femoral neck fracture using finite elements: dynamic hip screw (DHS); DHS combined with anti-rotation screw; three cannulated screws in an inverted triangular configuration (ASNIS). Under the same conditions, vertical fracture displacement, and maximum and minimum principal, and Von Mises stresses were evaluated.ResultsThe vertical displacements evaluated were: 5.43 mm, 5.33 mm and 6.22 mm, rotational displacements values were 1.1 mm, 0.4 mm and 1.3 mm; maximum principle stress values obtained for the upper region of the femoral neck were 3.26 hPa, 2.77 hPa, and 4.5 hPa, minimum principal stress values obtained for the inferior region of the femoral neck were −1.97 hPa, −1.8 hPa and t −3.15 hPa; Von Mises peak stress values were 340.0 MPa, 315.5 MPa and 326.1 Mpa, for DHS, DHS with anti-rotation device, and ASNIS, respectively. Conclusion: The DHS combined with anti-rotation screw yielded better results in terms of rotational and vertical displacements, traction and compression distributions on fractures, and Von Mises stress, demonstrating mechanical superiority for Pauwels Type III fracture.     

Th9细胞在兔骨髓炎局部组织中的表达

目的观察兔骨髓炎局部组织中Th9细胞效应因子IL-9、IL-10的含量,探讨Th9细胞在骨髓炎发病中的作用。方法于胫骨近端骨窗内注入金黄色葡萄球菌2周,制备兔胫骨近端骨髓炎模型。HE染色观察局部组织结构,免疫组织化学法检测局部组织中IL-9、IL-10的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组局部组织中IL-9、IL-10的含量明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 Th9细胞在骨髓炎的发生发展中担负着重要的免疫调节作用。     

前路手术内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的效果

目的探讨前路手术内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的效果。方法对12例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折前路手术病人临床资料进行回顾分析。结果12例病人术后切口全部一期愈合,无手术及术后相关并发症发生。术后复查CT及X线片,椎体高度复位满意,椎管减压彻底。术后平均随防13．5个月,所有病例未发现椎体高度明显丢失,内固定无松动和移位,神经症状均有不同程度恢复。结论在指征明确的情况下,前路手术减压内固定是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效方法。     

儿童过敏性紫癜急性期Th17细胞功能和CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞水平变化

目的观察过敏性紫癜(HSP)病儿急性期Th17细胞功能和CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Treg)水平变化,探讨其在HSP免疫发病机制中的作用。方法选择54例HSP急性期病儿为研究对象,根据尿检有无异常分为肾炎组(HSPN组)和非肾炎组(NHSPN组),应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测血浆白细胞介素17(IL-17)水平,采用流式细胞术检测外周血CD4+CD25+Treg、CD4+细胞、CD8+细胞、CD3+细胞、NK细胞(CD3-CD56+)、B淋巴细胞(CD19+)和CD3+HLADR+细胞水平。以30名健康儿童作为对照。结果HSP病儿血浆IL-17水平较对照组明显增高(t=14.66,P<0.01),HSPN组和NHSPN组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HSP病儿外周血CD4+CD25+Treg比例明显低于对照组(t=7.28,P<0.01),HSPN组和NHSPN组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HSP病儿CD4+CD25+Treg水平与CD4+细胞呈正相关(r=0.554,P<0.01),与CD19+细胞呈负相关(r=-0.305,P<0.05),而与CD8+细胞、CD3+细胞、CD3-CD56+细胞以及CD3+HLADR+细胞则无相关性(r=-0.109～0.287,P>0.05)。HSP病儿血浆IL-17水平与CD4+CD25+Treg水平呈负相关(r=-0.295,P<0.05)。结论 HSP病儿急性期Th17细胞功能增强,免疫抑制效应不足;HSP病儿存在Th17/Treg平衡紊乱,Th17/Treg失衡参与了HSP的发病过程。     

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 inhibits adult neurogenesis and is regulated by fractone-associated heparan sulfates in the subventricular zone

Fractones are extracellular matrix structures that display a fractal ultrastructure and that are visualized as puncta after immunolabeling for laminin or heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In the adult brain, fractones are found throughout the subventricular zone (SVZ). The role of fractones is just emerging. We have recently shown that fractones sequester fibroblast growth factor-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-7 from the brain ventricles to regulate cell proliferation in the SVZ of the lateral ventricle, the primary neural stem cell niche and neurogenic zone in adulthood. Here, we have examined in vivo the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) on cell proliferation in the SVZ and we have determined whether BMP-4 interacts with fractones to promote this effect. To examine BMP-4 effect on cell proliferation, BMP-4 was intracerebroventricularly injected, and bromodeoxyuridine immunolabeling was performed on frozen sections of the adult mouse brain. To identify the location of BMP-4 binding, biotinylated-BMP-4 was injected, and its binding localized post-mortem with streptavidin, Texas red conjugate. Injection of heparitinase-1 was used to desulfate fractones and determine whether the binding and the effect of BMP-4 on cell proliferation are heparan sulfate-dependent. BMP-4 inhibited cell proliferation in the SVZ neurogenic zone. Biotinylated-BMP-4 bound to fractones and some adjacent blood vessels. Co-injection of heparitinase-1 and biotinylated-BMP-4 resulted in the absence of signal for biotinylated-BMP-4, indicating that the binding was heparan sulfate dependent. Moreover, preventing the binding of BMP-4 to fractones by heparitinase-1 reinforced the inhibitory effect of BMP-4 on cell proliferation in the SVZ. These results show that BMP-4 inhibits cell proliferation in the SVZ neurogenic zone and that the binding of BMP-4 to fractone-associated heparan sulfates moderates this inhibitory effect. Together with our previous results, these data support the view that fractones capture growth factors and modulate their activity in the neural tissues lining the ventricles.     

化浊解毒方联合西药治疗冠心病“易损血液”浊毒证临床观察

目的：观察化浊解毒方治疗冠心病“易损血液”浊毒证的临床疗效。方法：随机将120例冠心病“易损血液”浊毒证患者分为对照组60例和试验组60例,对照组予常规西医治疗,试验组在对照组用药基础上加用化浊解毒方,水煎600mL,1剂／d,分早晚2次服用。4W后比较2组治疗前后临床证候变化。结果：2组临床证候疗效比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：化浊解毒方联合西药能够有效改善冠心病“易损血液”浊毒证临床证候。     

小脑幕脑膜瘤磁共振成像诊断价值

目的探讨小脑幕脑膜瘤MRI表现及对临床的应用价值。方法回顾性分析8例经病理证实的小脑幕脑膜瘤病例的MRI表现。结果小脑幕脑膜瘤可发生在小脑幕的任何部位,具有脑外肿瘤特点;幕下5例,幕上1例,幕下及幕上都有2例;MRI能准确判断肿瘤位置,位于幕上、幕下和肿瘤具体附着部位。结论小脑幕脑膜瘤有MRI特征表现,MRI多序列、多方位检查对于小脑幕脑膜瘤能提供更多的诊断信息。