4种大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型的比较

目的筛选简便、快捷、成石效果好的SD大鼠肾草酸钙结石的造模方法。方法分别采用目前普遍使用的2种大鼠肾草酸钙结石的模型复制方法和2种改良的造模方法进行造模,并设立空白对照组,造模结束后采集每组大鼠24h尿量及血清,比较大鼠24h尿量、尿Ca2＋、尿Mg2＋、尿pH、尿草酸（0x）及血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（cr）、P、Ca2＋、Mg2＋,肾脏病理切片HE染色后光学显微镜下观察和比较各组大鼠肾脏病理改变及草酸钙结晶的沉积情况。结果E组[1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖（48d）]在光学显微镜下草酸钙结晶沉积较传统组C组明显增多（P〈0．05）,但有30％大鼠死亡,血肌酐在5组大鼠中最高。D组[1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖（28d）]较传统组C组草酸钙结晶沉积明显增多（P〈0．05）,并且造模时间短,大鼠存活率高（80％）,E组与D组相比结晶形成量无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,B组[1％乙二醇（28d）3肾脏中无肾结晶形成,仅有轻微的肾脏病理学改变,大鼠无死亡,肌酐不高。空白对照组无结晶形成,无病理改变。结论用1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖诱导28天复制肾草酸钙结石模型的效果好,并且花费时间短,大鼠存活率高,建议选用。     

Umbrella-shaped, memory alloy femoral head support device for treatment of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Purpose

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a common orthopaedic disease that is difficult to treat. The purpose of this study was to explore the preliminary efficacy of a self-designed umbrella-shaped memory alloy femoral head support device in the treatment of adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Methods

The minimally-invasive approach involved curettage of the necrotic tissue of the femoral head, and a self-designed umbrella-shaped, memory alloy femoral head support device was implanted into the collapsed necrotic area to support the collapsed femoral head. Autologous iliac bone and artificial bone were implanted into the support device for the treatment of adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Results

The clinical device was used in ten patients and 18 hip joints. The support device failed in one hip joint, which subsequently underwent joint replacement surgery, and the remaining 17 implanted devices were followed up for four to 19 months. The 17 postoperative hip joints were evaluated using the percent-efficacy evaluation method for avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adult patients, and the efficacy rate was 82.35 %.

Conclusion

The umbrella-shaped femoral head support device can be used in Ficat stage I, stage II, and stage III adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.     

PET/CT诊断孤立性肺病变研究进展

孤立性肺病变(SPL)种类较多,如肿瘤、炎性或结核性肉芽肿等,早期鉴别良、恶性SPL对于指导临床治疗及改善预后等意义重大。临床常用CT、MRI、PET/CT等影像学技术诊断SPL。本文对PET/CT诊断SPL的应用现状及研究进展进行综述。     

Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for traumatic optic neuropathy

Purpose: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%e5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for optic nerve injuries. Methods: In this study, 11 patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2015 with the visual loss resulting from TON were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative vision, visual evoked potential (VEP) scan, surgical approach, postoperative visual acuity, complications, and follow-up results. Results: All these patients received endoscopic decompression of the optic canal. At the 3-month followup, the visual acuity improvement rate of the 11 patients was 45.5%. The vision acuity of 2 cases improved from hand movement to 0.08 and 0.3 after operation. Another patient''s vision acuity returned to 0.05 compared to light sensation preoperatively. Two cases had finger counting before surgery but they had a vision acuity of 0.4 and light sensation respectively after surgery. However, the other 6 cases'' vision did not improve after surgery. Conclusion: Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal is an effective way to cure TON. VEP could be used as an important reference for preoperative and prognosis evaluation. Operative time after trauma is only a relative condition that may affect the therapeutic effect of optic canal decompression. Poor results of this procedure may be related to the severity of the optic nerve injury.     

依达拉奉对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

目的  观察依达拉奉对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法  78只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为正常组（Norm组）、假手术组（Sham组）、脓毒症组（CLP组）、小剂量依达拉奉治疗组（ED1组）（3 mg/kg,静脉注射）及大剂量依达拉奉治疗组（ED2组）（6 mg/kg,静脉注射）。盲肠结扎穿孔法制作脓毒症模型,ED1组及ED2组给予依达拉奉治疗。分别于术后3、6及12 h检测各组血清cTnI和心肌·OH-、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）及白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）水平,并观察心肌病理形态改变。结果  Norm组与Sham组各指标差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;CLP组与Norm组及Sham组比较,cTnI、·OH-、MDA、TNF-α及IL-1β水平明显升高,SOD水平明显降低（P <0.01）;ED1组及ED2组与CLP组比较cTnI、·OH-、MDA、TNF-α及IL-1β水平明显降低,SOD水平明显升高（P <0.01）;ED2组与ED1组比较,cTnI、·OH-、MDA、TNF-α及IL-1β水平明显降低,SOD水平明显升高（P <0.01）。CLP组心肌病理学改变包括间质充血水肿,炎症细胞浸润,心肌纤维断裂、坏死;ED1组及ED2组心肌损伤较CLP组明显减轻。结论  ①依达拉奉能减轻脓毒症心肌损伤,机制可能与抑制氧化应激及下调炎症因子水平有关;②大剂量依达拉奉（6 mg/kg）对脓毒症心肌损伤的保护作用较小剂量（3 mg/kg）更明显。

     

中医药干预基质金属蛋白酶表达治疗膝骨性关节炎研究进展

膝骨性关节炎是临床上常见的慢性进行性关节病,症状通常以疼痛及关节功能丧失为主。其病因复杂,发病机制尚未完全阐明,对该病的有效防治一直是临床研究的热点。近年来,随着对基质金属蛋白酶与骨性关节炎关系研究的不断深入,发现基质金属蛋白酶通过影响关节软骨破坏这一重要病理过程,在其发生和发展过程中扮演重要角色。大量研究资料表明,中医药可干预膝骨性关节炎患者基质金属蛋白酶表达,抑制软骨细胞外基质降解,从而减轻膝骨性关节炎的临床症状及延缓病理进程。笔者就中医药干预基质金属蛋白酶表达治疗膝骨性关节炎的研究进展进行综述,以期为中医药应用于膝骨性关节炎的防治提供参考和依据。     

中医药介导Wnt/β-catenin信号通路防治骨质疏松的研究进展

骨质疏松症（osteoporosis,OP）的发生多由骨吸收大于骨形成导致骨稳态失衡所引起,随着人口老龄化的到来,已逐渐发展成为困扰50岁以上人群的常见慢性代谢性骨病。Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在骨骼相关细胞增殖、分化中发挥着重要作用,通过激活其核心蛋白β-catenin,上调骨形态发生蛋白-2、骨保护素及下调核因子κB受体活化因子配体的表达,进而促进间充质干细胞成骨分化和抑制破骨细胞活性,达到促进骨形成和抑制骨吸收的目的,在骨骼靶向重建及骨稳态中发挥着重要作用。中医药可通过激活Wnt/β-catenin通路影响相关因子表达防治OP,但其分子机制研究尚未完全阐明。笔者旨在探讨Wnt/β-catenin通路在OP发病中的分子机制及综述中医药介导Wnt/β-catenin信号通路防治OP的研究成果,为中医药防治OP提供依据和新思路。     

膀胱副神经节瘤:单中心7例报告

目的归纳膀胱副神经节瘤的临床一般特征、诊断及治疗。方法收集兰州大学第二医院2013年3月—2020年8月所有膀胱肿瘤患者术后病理结果,对术后病理证实为副神经节瘤的7例患者的临床资料及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果7例中术前明确诊断2例。7例均成功完成手术治疗。经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术4例[2例术程平稳;2例术中出现血压剧烈波动,经过积极降压1例最终完成手术、另1例取活检后终止手术(院外积极酚苄明准备,3月后再次入院行腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术)];1例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤激光剜除术,术程平稳;腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除3例(包括上述因术中血压无法有效控制中止手术者1例),平均手术时间130(30~180)min,平均术中出血30(20~50)mL。术后无相关并发症发生,术后住院3~5 d后恢复良好出院。1例发现肿瘤远处转移建议转外院继续治疗。7例均获随访,全身转移1例于外院治疗效果不佳,其余6例症状均有所改善,影像学检查未发现复发征象。远期结果仍有待进一步随访。结论膀胱副神经节瘤术前明确诊断困难,往往误诊为膀胱恶性肿瘤。手术为一线治疗方式,腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术体现出微创优势,术后恢复快,部分选择性病例采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,同样可取得良好临床结果。