基于唾液代谢组学的口腔疾病研究新进展

唾液代谢组学是以唾液为研究对象,定性定量分析生物体内代谢物的变化以研究生物体疾病与健康的新兴学科。在口腔医学领域,采用唾液代谢组学研究发现,唾液代谢物与多种口腔疾病之间存在着联系。本文对近年来以唾液代谢组学为研究手段进行口腔疾病相关研究的进展进行综述,包括在口腔鳞状细胞癌、口腔黏膜癌前病变（口腔扁平苔藓和口腔黏膜白斑）、复发性阿弗他溃疡、原发性舍格伦综合征、早期儿童龋病、牙周炎、慢性根尖周炎、正畸后牙根吸收等方面的研究,对通过唾液代谢组学筛选出的相关差异代谢物和信号通路进行总结,通过这些差异代谢物,可以构建口腔疾病预测模型,对口腔疾病进行早期筛查、预后判断以及发病机制的研究。唾液代谢组学有望为口腔疾病的诊断提供一种无创性的方法,具有重要的临床意义。     

Nervous tissue as an immune compartment: the dialect of the immune response in the CNS

Here, Zsuzsa Fabry and colleagues address the question of whether the unique cellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to the observed differences in immunological functions between the CNS and other organs. In particular, they discuss the significance within the CNS of the blood-brain barrier, the nonconstitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, the unusual set of potential antigen-presenting and effector cells, and the production of immune or neuromediators from various cellular sources.     

N-acetylcysteine causes a transient stimulation of neutrophil migration

Random migration of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils was enhanced in a chemokinetic way by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a small concentration range (10–400 μM). The enhancement was due to the cysteine moiety in the molecule, because cysteine equally caused a stimulation of random migration. The stimulating effect of NAC or cysteine largely disappeared when cells were preincubated with NAC or cysteine for 30 min before submission to chemotaxis, indicating that desensitization occurs. The stimulating effect of NAC was dependent on extracellular calcium. Because the Ca²⁺-dependence of migration by electroporated cells differed from that of intact cells, and because calcium channel blockers inhibited the effect of NAC, the calcium-dependent target is probably located inside the cell rather than on the cell surface. In contrast with fMLP, NAC did not cause an upregulation of CD11b expression of cells in suspension. Inhibitors of guanylate cyclase and of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase) inhibited stimulation of migration by NAC, suggesting that cGMP played a decisive role in the stimulatory effect of NAC.     

Simple spectrophotometric analysis of passive and active ear cutaneous anaphylaxis in the mouse

Homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) to ovalbumin and DNP-hapten were studied in the ears of female BALB/c mice by means of assessing Evans blue dye leakage. For the quantitative evaluation of PCA and ACA, a hand-held spectrophotometer and the conventional colorimetric method were used to detect the amount of extravasated dye. The value of ΔE*ab (a numerical expression of color) obtained with the hand-held spectrophotometer and the amount of extravasated dye showed a good correlation. In the mouse ear, the sensitivity of PCA reaction was comparable to that of PCA in the rat, and ΔE*ab in the PCA and ACA reactions correlated well with the dilutions of sera and of the antigen, respectively. Thus, using a hand-held spectrophotometer is a simple, quantitative and sensitive method for ascertaining the extent of immediate-type hypersensitivity in the mouse.     

姜黄素通过PPAR-γ途径促进人肾癌细胞的调亡

目的观察姜黄素对人肾癌细胞株A498细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨PPAR-γ途径在其中的作用。方法姜黄素(10、50、100μmol/L)处理A498细胞12、24、48h。采用MTT法测定细胞活力,并计算肿瘤细胞抑制率,流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡。实时定量PCR和Western Blot分别检测Bcl-2、Bax及PPAR-γmRNA和蛋白的表达。观察PPAR-γ阻断剂GW9662对姜黄素作用的影响。结果姜黄素(10、50、100μmol/L)分别处理人肾癌细胞株A498细胞24、48、72h后,以浓度和时间依赖的方式抑制细胞增殖促进细胞凋亡,同时以浓度依赖的方式下调了A498细胞中Bcl-2的表达,增加了Bax和PPAR-γ的表达。GW9662部分地消除了姜黄素对A498细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结论姜黄素抑制人肾癌细胞增殖促进其凋亡,其机制涉及到PPAR-γ途径。     

左归丸和右归丸对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠轴突再生过程中脑源性神经营养因子表达及环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A信号转导通路的作用

Objective：To study the effects of Zuogui Pill（左归丸,ZGP）and Yougui Pill（右归丸,YGP）on the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）and cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）/protein kinase A（PKA）signaling of axonal regeneration in the Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis（EAE）,in order to explore the possible mechanism of ZGP and YGP on promoting axonal regeneration.Methods：The rats were randomly divided into normal control（NC）,model（MO）,prednisone acetate（PA）,ZGP and YGP groups.The EAE model of rat was established by injecting antigen containing myelin basic protein（MBP）68-86.The brain and spinal cord were harvested on the 14th and 28th day postimmunization（PI）,the protein and mRNA expression of BDNF and PKA in the brain and spinal cord of rats were detected by Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（PCR）,and the cAMP levels were detected by using enzyme-immunoassay method.Results：（1）On the 28th day PI,the mRNA expression of BDNF in brain white matter and spinal cord of rats in ZGP and YGP groups were up-regulated,especially in YGP group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.（2）On the 14th day PI,the cAMP levels in brain white matters significantly increased in PA and YGP groups compared with MO group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）,and the cAMP level in YGP group was higher than that in ZGP group（P〈0.05）.The cAMP level in spinal cord also significantly increased in YGP group compared with MO,PA and ZGP groups,respectively（P〈0.01）.（3）On the 14th day PI,the PKA expression in spinal cord of rats in ZGP group was significantly decreased compared with MO and YGP groups,respectively（P〈0.05）.（4）On the 28th day PI,there was a positive correlation between cAMP and PKA expression in the brain white matter of YGP rats.Conclusions：The results suggest that ZGP and YGP may promote axonal regeneration by modulating cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway,but the targets of molecular mec     

肉膜瓣覆盖在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术中的应用

目的:探讨肉膜覆盖在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术(TIP)中预防尿瘘的应用。方法:140例尿道下裂患者均行TIP术式修复,其中85例远端型尿道下裂采用纵行腹外侧阴茎肉膜瓣覆盖新尿道;55例近端形尿道下裂采用阴囊前动脉带蒂肉膜瓣覆盖新尿道。结果:12例患者出现尿道皮肤瘘,其中远端型尿道下裂患者7例;近端型尿道下裂5例。结论:远端型选择腹外侧阴茎肉膜瓣覆盖,近端型选择阴囊前动脉带蒂肉膜瓣覆盖,较少出现尿瘘的并发症,是TIP术中较理想的覆盖方式。     

Periodontitis is associated with altered plasma fatty acids and cardiovascular risk markers

Background and aimsIn periodontitis it has been found that some perturbation exists in lipid biomarkers, such as increased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Nevertheless, the relationship between fatty acids and periodontitis has been demonstrated only in a few studies and remains controversial. The aim of this investigation was to explore the effects of periodontitis on a cluster of traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma-lipids profile, types of plasma fatty acids, adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers.Methods and resultsAt a university dental school, 56 patients all over 35 years old were enrolled and invited to participate in the study. Total plasma fatty acids, saturated, n-6 polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, peroxidability index, soluble VCAM, TNF-α, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and VLDL-c were significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the non-periodontitis group.ConclusionsThis close association found between plasma triacylglycerols, LDL-c, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total amount of fatty acids and coenzyme Q₁₀ with some periodontal data such as periodontal probing depth, recession of the gingival margin and clinical attachment level (Pearson correlation between 0.3 and 0.6), leads to the conclusion that there is an inter-relationship between periodontitis, plasma fatty acids profile and the increase in metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.     

Berberine hydrochloride counteracts enhanced IL-8 expression induced by SN 38 in AGS cells

Abstract

IL-8 over-expression could enhance cancer metastasis. In present study, berberine hydrochloride (BER) triggered proliferative inhibition and G2/M arrest in AGS cells, down-regulated protein expression of cyclin B1, Bcl-2, up-regulated expression of p21, p53 and cleaved caspase 3, but showed no effect on protein expression of CHOP, Bip, and caspase 4. BER could down-regulate the enhanced IL-8 expression through down-regulating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK over-activation induced by SN 38. The increased IL-8 mediated adhesive ability of AGS cells to HUVECs induced by SN 38, could be reduced by BER. Thus, BER could reduce the side-effect of SN 38 in clinic.