草原大面积灭鼠对草原鸟类数量变化的影响

目的调查草原大面积灭鼠对草原鸟类数量变化的影响。方法 2010年4月至2012年5月,使用样带法调查不同毒饵灭鼠前和灭鼠后15 d草原鸟类数量变化。结果使用3种抗凝血灭鼠剂灭鼠后鸟类数量较灭鼠前明显降低。结论草原大面积灭鼠明显降低草原鸟类数量,需要探索降低鼠害密度且不影响草原生态平衡的灭鼠药物和方法。     

《公共卫生学生控烟调查问卷》的信度与效度评价

目的:评价《公共卫生学生控烟调查问卷》的信度与效度。方法:采用《公共卫生学生控烟调查问卷》对公共卫生专业本科生112人进行现场问卷调查,有效问卷110份。用Spearman-Brown公式计算折半信度,用克朗巴赫α系数评价问卷的内部一致性信度;用Spearman秩相关分析条目与其所属领域的相关性,用以评价内容效度;采用因子分析方法评价结构效度。结果:折半信度系数为0.887,3个维度以及整个问卷的α系数分别为0.824、0.820、0.635和0.821。各条目得分与其所属维度总分的相关系数在0.529～0.847,与总分的相关系数为0.328～0.699。3个公因子的累积方差贡献率为60.64%,64.29%的条目提取公因子后的共同度超过0.50。结论:该问卷具有良好的信度和效度。     

Cervical intervertebral disc degeneration and dizziness

Clinical studies have found that patients withcervical degenerative disease are usually accompanied by dizziness. Anterior cervical surgery can eliminate not only chronic neck pain, cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy, but also dizziness. Immunohistochemical studies show that a large number of mechanoreceptors, especially Ruffini corpuscles, are present in degenerated cervical discs. The available evidence suggests a key role of Ruffini corpuscles in the pathogenesis of dizziness caused by cervical degenerative disease (i.e. cervical discogenic dizziness). Disc degeneration is characterized by an elevation of inflammatory cytokines, which stimulates the mechanoreceptors in degenerated discs and results in peripheral sensitization. Abnormal cervical proprioceptive inputs from the mechanoreceptors are transmitted to the central nervous system, resulting in sensory mismatches with vestibular and visual information and leads to dizziness. In addition, neck pain caused by cervical disc degeneration can play a key role in cervical discogenic dizziness by increasing the sensitivity of muscle spindles. Like cervical discogenic pain, the diagnosis of cervical discogenic dizziness can be challenging and can be made only after other potential causes of dizziness have been ruled out. Conservative treatment is effective for the majority of patients. Existing basic and clinical studies have shown that cervical intervertebral disc degeneration can lead to dizziness.     

Anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade improves the efficacy of a melphalan-based therapy in experimental melanoma

IntroductionThe induction of adaptive cellular immunity in patients with in-transit melanoma metastasis treated with hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with melphalan has been shown to contribute to the effectiveness of the therapy. Activated CD8⁺ T cells appear to be of particular importance for the efficacy of melphalan-based ILP therapy, as observed in both patients and animal models. In this study, we explored the possible synergistic effects of combining melphalan-based therapy with the checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 on tumours in a mouse melanoma model.MethodsA murine vaccination model that utilized melphalan-exposed melanoma cells was used to mimic certain immunological features of melphalan-based ILP. The effects of the vaccine on tumour growth and PD-1 expression on CD8⁺ tumour-infiltrating T cells were analyzed. The melphalan-based vaccine was then combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody and tumour growth was assessed.ResultsTreatment with melphalan-based therapy significantly induced the expression of PD-1 on CD8⁺ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Combination therapy using melphalan-based therapy followed by treatment with PD-1 antibodies significantly reduced early-stage tumour growth relative to monotherapies and no treatment.ConclusionsThis study thus suggests that the addition of PD-1 blockade to melphalan-based therapies, such as ILP, may be therapeutically beneficial.     

Impact of prior cancer history on survival of patients with gastric cancer

BackgroundPatients with prior cancer history are commonly excluded from clinical trial. However, the impact of prior cancer on survival of patients with gastric cancer remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of prior cancer and assess its impact on survival of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer.MethodsPatients with gastric cancer as the primary or second primary malignancies diagnosed from 2004 to 2010 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method, multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, and multivariate competing risk model were performed for survival analysis.ResultsA total of 28,795 eligible patients with gastric cancer were included, of whom 2695 (9.35%) had a history of prior cancer. Prostate (35%), breast (12%), colon (8%), and urinary bladder (7%) malignancies were the most common prior cancer types. Patients with prior cancer history had slightly inferior overall survival (AHR = 1.06; 95% CI [1.00–1.12]; P = 0.043) but superior gastric cancer-specific survival (AHR = 0.82; 95% CI [0.76–0.88]; P < 0.001) compared with those without prior cancer. The subgroup analysis determined that a prior cancer history did not adversely affect gastric patients’ clinical outcomes, except in those with prior cancer diagnosed within one year, at distant stage, or originating from lung and bronchus.ConclusionA substantial proportion of gastric cancer patients with a history of prior cancer had non-inferior clinical outcome to those without prior cancer. These patients should be considered in clinical trials.     

Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by VEGF siRNA delivered via bioreducible lipid-like nanoparticles

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Previously, we have demonstrated the use of lipidoid (lipid-like) nanoparticles (e.g., “1-O16B”) for gene delivery to...     

Pedicle screw fixation with kyphoplasty decreases the fracture risk of the treated and adjacent non-treated vertebral bodies: a finite element analysis

Adjacent vertebral fractures are common in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) after kyphoplasty. This finite element study was to examine whether short segment pedicle screw fixation (PSF) with kyphoplasty may decrease the fracture risk of the treated and adjacent non-treated vertebrae after kyphoplasty for OVCFs. By simulating cement augmentation with or without short segment pedicle screw fixation (PSF), two tridimensional, anatomically detailed finite element models of the T10–L2 functional spinal junction were developed. The insertion of pedicle screws into the intact vertebra apparently decreased the stress distribution of the treated vertebra in vertical compression and other load situations. The stress distribution in the bone structures of the intact vertebra adjacent to the intact-screwed vertebra was much less than that in the one adjacent to the treated vertebra. The insertion of pedicle screws into the intact vertebra greatly decreased the maximum displacement of the cortical bones and cancellous bones of the vertebrae. Our results indicated that short segment PSF with kyphoplasty may decrease the fracture risk of the treated and adjacent non-treated vertebrae in the management of OVCFs.     

薯蓣皂苷元在口腔鳞癌中的抗癌作用研究

目的 探究薯蓣皂苷元对口腔鳞癌 HSC4 细胞生物学行为的影响。 方法 将 HSC4 细胞分为薯蓣 皂苷元 0、 0. 5、 1、 2 μmol / L 4 组, CCK-8、 5-溴-2′-脱氧尿苷 (BrdU) 染色、 克隆形成实验、 流式细胞术、 划痕实验和 Transwell 实验分别检测细胞增殖、 凋亡、 迁移和侵袭, 免疫印迹检测 Bcl-2、 Bax 和 cleaced caspase-3 蛋白表达水平; JC-1 检测线粒体膜电位; H2DCFDA 检测活性氧 (ROS) 产生; 试剂盒检测谷胱 甘肽 (GSH) 和丙二醛 (MDA) 水平。 结果 与薯蓣皂苷元 0 μmol / L 组比较, 薯蓣皂苷元 1 μmol / L 组和 2 μmol / L 组细胞活力、 集落形成能力、 BrdU 阳性细胞率、 迁移和侵袭能力、 线粒体膜电位降低, 细胞凋亡 率升高, Bax 和 cleaced caspase-3 蛋白表达上调, Bcl-2 蛋白表达下调, ROS 和 MDA 水平升高, GSH 水平降 低。 结论 薯蓣皂苷元可抑制 HSC4 细胞的增殖和运动能力, 通过线粒体途径和 ROS 的产生诱导细胞凋亡。