PED subunit vaccine based on COE domain replacement of flagellin domain D3 improved specific humoral and mucosal immunity in mice

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an important re-emergent infectious disease and inflicts huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. To meet the pressing need of developing a safe and cost-efficient PED maternal vaccine, we generated three PED subunit vaccine candidates, using recombined Salmonella flagellin (rSF) as a mucosal molecular adjuvant. Domain D3 in rSF was replaced with COE domain of PEDV to generate rSF-COE-3D. COE fused to the flanking C′/N′ terminal of rSF yielded rSF-COE-C and rSF-COE-N. As a result, rSF-COE-3D could significantly improve COE specific antibody production including serum IgG, serum IgA, mucosal IgA and PEDV neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, rSF-COE-3D elicited more CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cell and cytokine production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in mouse splenocytes. In summary, our data showed that rSF-COE-3D could improve specific humoral and mucosal immunity in mice, thus suggesting that rSF-COE-3D could be applied as a novel efficient maternal PED vaccine.     

Whole-genome sequencing identification of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain carrying blaNDM-5 from Guangdong,China

A carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (sequence type 34 [ST34]) strain was isolated from a fecal specimen from a child with acute diarrhea. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the 84.5-kb IncFII plasmid pST41-NDM carrying the NDM-5 carbapenemase gene possesses a structure identical to that of the IncFII-type plasmid backbone. However, the bla_NDM-5 flanking sequence found in this plasmid is identical to the bla_NDM-5-positive IncX3 plasmids carried by 10 strains of Enterobacteriaceae identified in the same hospital.     

2011年浙江省公共场所集中空调通风系统污染状况分析

目的:为了解浙江省集中空调通风系统卫生状况,以及公共场所集中空调卫生检测中存在的问题。方法:对全省11个地市及义乌市的188家公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生指标检测。结果:送风中β-溶血性链球菌目前对空调系统没有造成污染;而送风中细菌总数和真菌总数合格率偏低,且冷却水军团菌检出率偏高,对空调造成较大污染。结论:集中空调通风系统污染情况不容乐观,希望场所能贯彻卫生部三个规范,做好空调系统的日常卫生管理和清洗工作,配合卫生检测人员定期对空调系统的检测,保证空调系统运行期间室内空气品质。     

应对新型冠状病毒肺炎防护服的选择和使用

防护服是医务人员抗击传染病疫情中非常重要的个人防护用品,特别是在应对传播途径未知的新发传染病,以及传播风险很高的传染病中。防护服可以阻止各类可能携带病原体的分泌物、喷溅物、颗粒物等接触人体,保护医务人员健康,是战胜新冠肺炎疫情的重要防护用品。由于本次疫情播散范围大、感染人数较多,对于防护服的需求巨大,符合国家标准的医用防护服供不应求,一些符合国外标准的防护服也逐渐被使用。作者查阅和比较各国防护服的应用范围和评价指标,以期为医务人员选择符合要求的防护服提供帮助。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗机构不同区域工作岗位个人防护专家共识

 

为更好地防控新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）医院感染,保障医疗机构医务人员及其他工作人员的安全,合理使用个人防护用品,中华预防医学会医院感染控制分会、中国医院协会医院感染管理专业委员会、中国感染控制 杂志编辑委员会组织国内专家（包括赴武汉抗疫一线的部分专家）共同制定本共识。本共识主要适用于同时收治新冠肺炎患者和普通患者的医疗机构;指导疫情期间医疗机构一线医务人员合理有效利用防护用品,同时也覆盖了几乎所有非一线医务人员及其他工作人员的防护用品使用。本共识通过评估医疗机构工作人员新冠肺炎暴露的风险,根据暴露风险来确定不同区域不同岗位工作人员的个人防护标准。本共识主要内容还包括：个人防护用品介绍及适用范围,三级防护穿脱流程,个人防护用品异常的防范与应急处理,新型冠状病毒肺炎职业暴露处置流程。同时,本共识特别强调,要合理进行新冠疫情期间医疗机构区域划分,以及重点分诊岗位安排有经验的感染科或呼吸科医生参与分诊,这些是风险评估的前提要求;在选择个人防护用品时,既要防止防护不足,又要避免 滥用与过度使用,以保障工作人员安全为前提,预防新冠肺炎医院感染。

     

Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among Syrian refugees in Turkey

BackgroundInformation on the world distribution of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in refugees/migrants is not available at the same rate for all countries or for different ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Today, Syria's humanitarian catastrophe has become a public health concern, which cannot be ignored.MethodsA search was conducted across PubMed and Google Scholar for papers on cardiovascular diseases among refugees/migrants worldwide with a focus on Syrian in Turkey.ResultsThe total number of papers identified through the database searches and from reference lists was 486. Of these, 62 were found to be relevant after further screening. A further 42 papers were considered not eligible after full-text, language and data assessments, resulting in a final 20 papers included in the qualitative analysis. These studies discussed several major themes: cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among refugees/migrants, the effects of changing living conditions on refugees/migrants, the effects of psychological and socioeconomic factors, and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in refugees/migrants. The risk of cardiovascular disease varied by country of origin, country of destination, and duration of residence. The findings suggest that cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors are increased for Syrian refugees in Turkey.ConclusionRaising awareness, prevention, early detection, and good management as well as monitoring and reporting of risk factors are the key components to controlling cardiovascular diseases in refugees. Further studies and greater acquisition of survey data are urgently needed.     

Estimating the economic impact of pneumococcal conjugate,Haemophilus influenzae type b and rotavirus vaccines in India: National and state-level analyses

Background: To support vaccine decision-making we estimated from the societal perspective the potential health impact and costs averted through immunization with three vaccines – Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and rotavirus vaccine (RVV). Methods: Based on variability in disease burden, strength of health system and economic status, we selected four states in India: Bihar, New Delhi, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. We used secondary data sources to estimate the number of under-5 deaths averted from Hib, pneumococcus and rotavirus in each state and back-calculated the total cases averted. We synthesized available data to estimate the disease burden, treatment cost, caretaker productivity loss and vaccine coverage in each state. A Delphi Survey and roundtable among Indian experts was conducted to reach consensus on model inputs. Results: By scaling up coverage of Hib, PCV and RVV, India could save over US$1 billion (uncertainty range: US$0.9–US$2.4 billion) in economic benefits and avert more than 90,000 needless child deaths each year. An estimated US$1 billion (US$0.9–US$2 billion) or 88% of the total amount of cost savings would be attributable to lost productivity due to premature pneumococcal death. Another US$112.8 million (US$105–297 million), or 10% of the total cost would be accounted by costs related to loss of productivity due to disability as a result of these diseases. Treatment costs of Hib, pneumococcal disease and rotavirus gastroenteritis, would account for US$8.4 million (US$4–12 million) or <1% of the total costs of these diseases. Finally, caretaker productivity loss from seeking care would represent US$1.5 million (US$ 1–4.9 million). Cost savings varied by vaccine, coverage scenarios and states. Conclusions: Hib, PCV and RVV vaccine introduction in India can result in immediate benefits to the government and households in terms of savings.