艰难梭菌感染对结直肠癌患者营养及代谢的影响

目的探究艰难梭菌感染对结直肠癌患者营养及代谢的影响。 方法留取205例肠癌患者术前粪便样本,根据有无艰难梭菌感染分成感染组（33例）及未感染组（172例）,并在肿瘤浸润深度（T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄）、淋巴转移个数（N₀、N₁、N₂）、隐血试验等因素下,检测两组患者的白蛋白、总蛋白水平。同时,比较两组患者在是否超重（体质量指数≥ 24）及不同性别下的游离脂肪酸水平,并根据患者年龄是否≥ 60岁进一步分组比较游离脂肪酸水平。 结果感染组T₄患者的白蛋白[（38 ± 3）g/L vs.（41 ± 5）g/L,t=2.211,P<0.05]和总蛋白[（63 ± 7）g/L vs.（68 ± 6）g/L,t=2.424,P<0.05]均较未感染组显著降低。且感染组隐血试验阳性患者的白蛋白[（38 ± 5）g/L vs.（42 ± 4）g/L,t=2.904,P<0.05]和总蛋白[（64 ± 8）g/L vs.（68 ± 6）g/L,t=2.537,P<0.05]水平较未感染组亦显著降低。而感染组N₂患者中仅总蛋白较未感染组显著降低[（64 ± 5）g/L vs.（69 ± 6）g/L,t=2.085,P<0.05]。感染组超重[（0.25 ± 0.12）mmol/L vs.（0.38 ± 0.21）mmol/L,t=3.191,P<0.05]及男性患者[（0.26 ± 0.12）mmol/L vs.（0.37 ± 0.20）mmol/L,t=3.239,P<0.05]的游离脂肪酸水平较未感染组显著下降,且年龄≥ 60岁的超重[（0.24 ± 0.13）mmol/L vs.（0.38 ± 0.22）mmol/L,t=2.143,P<0.05]及男性[（0.23 ± 0.12）mmol/L vs.（0.37 ± 0.21）mmol/L,t=3.392,P<0.05]感染者较未感染者的游离脂肪酸水平更低。 结论艰难梭菌感染的T₄及隐血试验阳性的结直肠癌患者易引起白蛋白、总蛋白下降;超重、男性的老年感染患者更易出现脂肪代谢紊乱。     

浙江省部分地区中小学生伤害危险因素logistic回归分析

目的探索浙江省部分地区中小学生伤害的危险因素.方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对40 625名中小学生伤害调查资料采用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析.结果单因素分析发现伤害与性别、年龄、近视、爱好户外运动、经常骑自行车、喜欢爬高玩耍、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、燃放烟花爆竹等有关;多因素分析显示：性别（OR=0.88）、近视（OR=1.11）、养猫（OR=1.18）、业余爱好户外运动（OR=1.25）、喜欢爬高玩耍（OR=1.14）、家里药物农药放置不安全（OR=1.11）、经常骑车（OR=1.13）是主要影响因素;跌伤、刀割伤、碰撞伤、动物咬伤的危险因素基本一致.结论学生伤害由多因素作用导致,学生个人行为特征和家庭因素起重要作用.     

The non-cytotoxicity characterization of rebaudioside A as a food additive

To evaluate the cytotoxicity of high-purity rebaudioside A (reb A, 99.16%) as a food ingredient, a combination of several methods, including tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time PCR (qPCR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were used to test the cytotoxicity of reb A on the human cells HT-29 and T84, as well as liver and spleen cells from mice. The results indicated that no obvious changes in cellular viability, inflammatory cytokines yield, or protein yield were observed between the test group and the control group when different concentrations of reb A were used, suggesting that reb A is non-cytotoxic in vitro at the concentrations range tested (0.001–0.5%).     

2011年浙江省公共场所集中空调通风系统污染状况分析

目的:为了解浙江省集中空调通风系统卫生状况,以及公共场所集中空调卫生检测中存在的问题。方法:对全省11个地市及义乌市的188家公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生指标检测。结果:送风中β-溶血性链球菌目前对空调系统没有造成污染;而送风中细菌总数和真菌总数合格率偏低,且冷却水军团菌检出率偏高,对空调造成较大污染。结论:集中空调通风系统污染情况不容乐观,希望场所能贯彻卫生部三个规范,做好空调系统的日常卫生管理和清洗工作,配合卫生检测人员定期对空调系统的检测,保证空调系统运行期间室内空气品质。     

Estimating the economic impact of pneumococcal conjugate,Haemophilus influenzae type b and rotavirus vaccines in India: National and state-level analyses

Background: To support vaccine decision-making we estimated from the societal perspective the potential health impact and costs averted through immunization with three vaccines – Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and rotavirus vaccine (RVV). Methods: Based on variability in disease burden, strength of health system and economic status, we selected four states in India: Bihar, New Delhi, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. We used secondary data sources to estimate the number of under-5 deaths averted from Hib, pneumococcus and rotavirus in each state and back-calculated the total cases averted. We synthesized available data to estimate the disease burden, treatment cost, caretaker productivity loss and vaccine coverage in each state. A Delphi Survey and roundtable among Indian experts was conducted to reach consensus on model inputs. Results: By scaling up coverage of Hib, PCV and RVV, India could save over US$1 billion (uncertainty range: US$0.9–US$2.4 billion) in economic benefits and avert more than 90,000 needless child deaths each year. An estimated US$1 billion (US$0.9–US$2 billion) or 88% of the total amount of cost savings would be attributable to lost productivity due to premature pneumococcal death. Another US$112.8 million (US$105–297 million), or 10% of the total cost would be accounted by costs related to loss of productivity due to disability as a result of these diseases. Treatment costs of Hib, pneumococcal disease and rotavirus gastroenteritis, would account for US$8.4 million (US$4–12 million) or <1% of the total costs of these diseases. Finally, caretaker productivity loss from seeking care would represent US$1.5 million (US$ 1–4.9 million). Cost savings varied by vaccine, coverage scenarios and states. Conclusions: Hib, PCV and RVV vaccine introduction in India can result in immediate benefits to the government and households in terms of savings.     

Temporal trends in anti-vaccine discourse on Twitter

Despite vaccination’s role in preventing communicable diseases, misinformation threatens uptake. Social media may disseminate such anti-vaccination messages. We characterized trends in pro- and anti-vaccination discourse on Twitter. All tweets between 2010 and 2019 containing vaccine-related hashtags were identified. Pro- and anti-vaccine tweets and users per quarter (3-months) were tabulated; discussion subcommunities were identified with network analysis. 1,637,712 vaccine-related tweets were identified from 154 pro-vaccine and 125 anti-vaccine hashtags, with 86% of users posting exclusively pro-vaccine and 12% posting exclusively anti-vaccine hashtags. Pro-vaccine tweet volumes are larger than anti-vaccine tweets and consistently increase over time. In contrast, anti-vaccine tweet volumes have decreased since 2014, despite an increasing anti-vaccine user-base. Users infrequently responded across pro/anti-vaccine alignment (0.2%). Despite greater volumes of pro-vaccination discourse in recent years, and the anti-vaccination content userbase being smaller, the anti-vaccine community continues to grow in size. This finding coupled with the minimal inter-communication between communities suggests possible ideological isolation.     

Short-term beneficial effects of human dental pulp stem cells and their secretome in a rat model of mild ischemic stroke

Although cell therapy has been applied in regenerative medicine for decades, recent years have seen greatly increased attention being given to the use of stem cell-based derivatives such as cell-free secretome. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are widely available, easily accessible, and have high neuroprotective and angiogenic properties. In addition, DPSC-derived secretome contains a rich mixture of trophic factors. The current investigation evaluated the short-term therapeutic effects of human DPSCs and their secretome in a rat model of mild ischemic stroke.Mild ischemic stroke was induced by 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion, and hDPSCs or their secretome was administered intra-arterially and intranasally. Neurological function, infarct size, spatial working memory, and relative expression of seven target genes in two categories of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors were assessed three days after stroke. In the short-term, all treatments reduced the severity of neurological and histological deficits caused by ischemic stroke. Moreover, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion led to the striatal and cortical over-expression of BDNF, NT-3, and angiogenin, while NGF and VEGF expression was reduced. Almost all interventions were able to modulate the expression of target genes after stroke. The obtained data revealed that single intra-arterial administration of hDPSCs or their secretome, single intranasal transplantation of hDPSCs, or repeated intranasal administration of hDPSC-derived secretome was able to ameliorate the devastating effects of a mild stroke, at least in the short-term.     

Safety and immunogenicity of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japanese healthy infants: A phase III study (V114-033)

BackgroundThis phase III study evaluated safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V114 (15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) in Japanese infants. V114 contains all 13 serotypes in PCV13 plus additional serotypes 22F and 33F.MethodsHealthy Japanese infants were randomized to receive three primary doses of V114 or PCV13 (dose 1 at 2–6 months of age; doses 2 and 3 ≥ 27 days after prior dose), plus a toddler dose at 12–15 months of age. Adverse events (AEs) were collected on Days 1–14 following each vaccination. Serotype-specific anti-pneumococcal immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured 30 days post-dose 3, pre-dose 4, and 30 days post-dose 4. Primary objectives included non-inferiority of V114 to PCV13 for the 13 shared serotypes based on serotype-specific IgG response rates (IgG ≥ 0.35 μg/mL) and geometric mean concentration (GMC) ratios, and for serotypes 22F and 33F based on IgG response rates and compared with the lowest response of any serotype in the PCV13 group, at 30 days post-dose 3.ResultsOverall, 694 infants were randomized to V114 (n = 347) or PCV13 (n = 347). Proportions of participants with solicited and serious AEs were comparable between vaccination groups. V114 met non-inferiority criteria for all 13 shared serotypes, based on difference in proportion of responders (lower bound of two-sided 95 % confidence interval [CI] > −10.0) and IgG GMC ratios (V114/PCV13, lower bound of two-sided 95 % CI > 0.5) at 30 days post-dose 3. The non-inferiority criterion based on IgG response rates was met for serotype 22F, but narrowly missed for serotype 33F (90.9 %, lower bound of two-sided 95 % CI −10.6).ConclusionIn Japanese infants, a four-dose series of V114 was generally well tolerated. Compared with PCV13, V114 provided non-inferior immune responses to the 13 shared serotypes and higher immune responses to serotype 22F and 33F post-primary series.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04384107; EudraCT 2019-003644-68.