护士职业幸福感的研究进展

以职业幸福感的价值为导线,对护理职业幸福感的涵义进行概括,综述其研究现状,并重点从人口学特征、工作压力、职业倦怠、工作满意度和社会支持系统等方面探讨护士职业幸福感的影响因素,从护士自身、医院管理和社会支持3方面提升护士职业幸福感的途径和方法。     

超重对哮喘患者肺功能及呼出气一氧化氮的影响

目的：探讨天津地区哮喘人群的超重对肺功能、哮喘控制水平和气道炎症的影响.方法：将研究对象分为体质量正常和超重（BMI≥24 kg/m2并且＜28 kg/m2）2组,测定所有对象的BMI、肺功能和呼出气一氧化氮（FENO）含量,开始规范治疗后哮喘患者记录哮喘日记,按照GINA指南进行ACT（哮喘控制测试表）评分.结果：超重组的1称钟用力呼气量、1秒钟用力呼气量占预计值百分比较体质量正常组显著降低,同时气道阻力显著增高（P值均＜0.05）.两组中哮喘控制良好（ACT≥20）的患者人数与控制不佳（ACT＜20）的患者人数相比后,超重组的比值显著低于正常体质量组（0.92：1.86,P＜O.05）.两组的FENO含量没有显著差别（P＞0.05）.结论：在天津地区哮喘人群中,超重可影响肺功能（主要表现在肺通气功能）及导致哮喘控制不佳,但并不引起FENO含量的改变.     

硝苯地平分散片的质量控制

目的：建立硝苯地平分散片中硝苯地平的质量控制方法,保证该制剂质量.方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定硝苯地平的含量,色谱柱为Kromasil-C1s柱（200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,甲醇-水（65：35）为流动相,检测波长为237 nm,流速为0.8 mL/min,进样量为20μL,柱温为室温.结果：硝苯地平的含量为标示量的100.09％;在5.0～35.0 μg/mL的浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好;平均回收率为100.07％.制剂有关物质检测合格.结论：高效液相色谱法专属性好,操作方便,结果准确,重现性好,能有效地控制硝苯地平分散片的质量.     

复方缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪片的研制

以自制品的崩解时间及其与参比制剂(复代文)溶出行为相似因子(f2)为考察指标,采用单因素试验和正交设计筛选了复方缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪片的最优处方.结果表明,缬沙坦和氢氯噻嗪混合制粒所得片剂中缬沙坦的溶出行为与参比制剂相差较大.因此改用两种药物分开制粒后再混匀压片.采用优化处方制备的片剂,体外溶出行为与参比制剂基本相似.     

Curb challenges of the “Trojan Horse” approach: Smart strategies in achieving effective yet safe cell-penetrating peptide-based drug delivery

Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated intracellular drug delivery system, often specifically termed as “the Trojan horse approach”, has become the “holy grail” in achieving effective delivery of macromolecular compounds such as proteins, DNA, siRNAs, and drug carriers. It is characterized by the unique cell- (or receptor-), temperature-, and payload-independent mechanisms, therefore offering potent means to improve poor cellular uptake of a variety of macromolecular drugs. Nevertheless, this “Trojan horse” approach also acts like a double-edged sword, causing serious safety and toxicity concerns to normal tissues or organs for in vivo application, due to lack of target selectivity of the powerful cell penetrating activity. To overcome this problem of potent yet non-selective penetration vs. targeting delivery, a number of “smart” strategies have been developed in recent years, including controllable CPP-based drug delivery systems based on various stimuli-responsive mechanisms. This review article provides a fundamental understanding of these smart systems, as well as a discussion of their real-time in vivo applicability.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives against multidrug-resistant cancer cells

Seven novel 4β-N-substituted podophyllotoxin derivatives with indole rings were prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines HeLa, KB, KBV, K562, and K562/AO2. Most of them demonstrated improved antitumor activity and weak multidrug resistance compared to the drugs currently available.     

Building a forensic ancestry panel from the ground up: The EUROFORGEN Global AIM-SNP set

Emerging next-generation sequencing technologies will enable DNA analyses to add pigmentation predictive and ancestry informative (AIM) SNPs to the range of markers detectable from a single PCR test. This prompted us to re-appraise current forensic and genomics AIM-SNPs and from the best sets, to identify the most divergent markers for a five population group differentiation of Africans, Europeans, East Asians, Native Americans and Oceanians by using our own online genome variation browsers. We prioritized careful balancing of population differentiation across the five group comparisons in order to minimize bias when estimating co-ancestry proportions in individuals with admixed ancestries. The differentiation of European from Middle East or South Asian ancestries was not chosen as a characteristic in order to concentrate on introducing Oceanian differentiation for the first time in a forensic AIM set. We describe a complete set of 128 AIM-SNPs that have near identical population-specific divergence across five continentally defined population groups. The full set can be systematically reduced in size, while preserving the most informative markers and the balance of population-specific divergence in at least four groups. We describe subsets of 88, 55, 28, 20 and 12 AIMs, enabling both new and existing SNP genotyping technologies to exploit the best markers identified for forensic ancestry analysis.     

Leveraging nanochannels for universal,zero-order drug delivery in vivo

Drug delivery is essential to achieve effective therapy. Herein we report on the only implantable nanochannel membrane with geometrically defined channels as small as 2.5 nm that achieves constant drug delivery in vivo. Nanochannels passively control the release of molecules by physico-electrostatic confinement, thereby leading to constant drug diffusion. We utilize a novel design algorithm to select the optimal nanochannel size for each therapeutic agent. Using nanochannels as small as 3.6 and 20 nm, we achieve sustained and constant plasma levels of leuprolide, interferon α-2b, letrozole, Y-27632, octreotide, and human growth hormone, all delivered at clinically-relevant doses. The device was demonstrated in dogs, rats, and mice and was capable of sustaining target doses for up to 70 days. To provide evidence of therapeutic efficacy, we successfully combined nanochannel delivery with a RhoA pathway inhibitor to prevent chronic rejection of cardiac allografts in a rat model. Our results provide evidence that the nanochannel platform has the potential to dramatically improve long-term therapies for chronic conditions.     

妇产科门诊实施优质服务改革方案的研究

[目的]通过整改方案改善妇产科门诊医疗服务的整个过程,使病人对妇产科门诊的整体满意度超过80％,并将妇产科投诉率降低24％以下。[方法]根据莆田第一医院对妇产科门诊医疗服务满意度的调查,妇产科门诊服务以服务态度、就诊流程及其卫生宣教三者表现最差,为此医院实施针对妇产科的优质服务改革方案。[结果]整改后妇产科的门诊满意度提高,年度投诉率也从48．5％降到16．0％,有效地提高了妇产科医疗服务整体质量。[结论]妇产科门诊就诊的优质服务改革方案的实施,提高了妇产科门诊的医疗服务满意度。