巴贝虫棒状体蛋白的研究进展

巴贝虫是一类专性的细胞内寄生的顶复门原虫,是人和动物的重要病原。这类原虫具有相似的亚细胞结构并能分泌与入侵相关的保守蛋白,尤其是在入侵宿主细胞阶段分泌的棒状体相关蛋白被认为是保护寄生虫入侵和繁殖的关键分子,其在虫体入侵的纳虫空泡形成过程中发挥重要作用。随着基因组学和蛋白质组学技术的不断发展,其相关研究也越来越深入。因此,本文就目前研究较多的牛巴贝虫、羊巴贝虫、吉氏巴贝虫、双芽巴贝虫和东方巴贝虫等棒状体相关蛋白的研究现状进行了综述。     

江西省输入性疟疾引起继发传播的风险评估

目的评估江西省由输入性疟疾病例引起本地继发传播的潜在风险及相关影响因素,为推动全省实现消除疟疾目标,调整监测重点地区和风险人群提供科学依据。方法采用德尔菲法(Delphi method)建立江西省输入性疟疾引起继发传播的风险评价指标体系,并确定指标权重。收集江西省2012-2015年100个县(市、区)疟疾疫情、传疟媒介和防控能力等数据资料,分别计算各县(市、区)疟疾传播潜能指数(TPI)、消除疟疾防控能力指数(ICI)和疟疾传播风险指数(MRI),并绘制江西省输入性疟疾引起继发传播的潜在风险地图。结果全省疟疾传播风险指数前10位的县(市、区)分别为临川区(2.131)、信州区(1.609)、九江县(1.404)、章贡区(1.365)、丰城市(1.225)、青山湖区(1.184)、于都县(1.171)、定南县(1.018)、浔阳区(1.015)和珠山区(1.006)。风险较高的地区主要分布在地级市所在辖区以及流动人口较多的县(市、区)。结论江西省存在因输入性疟疾引起继发传播的风险,且流动人口越多、防控能力越薄弱的地区,其风险也随之增加。     

贾第虫病免疫学诊断方法及其应用研究进展

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫(简称贾第虫)是一种重要的肠道致病原虫,人体感染后可引起腹泻等症状。目前,贾第虫感染诊断主要有病原学、免疫学及分子生物学等方法;其中免疫学诊断技术因快速、简便、敏感性高、特异性强等优点,具有良好的应用前景。本文主要就常用贾第虫感染免疫学诊断技术及其应用情况作一综述。     

基于SCIE数据库分析中国疾控中心寄生虫病预防控制所近5年学术影响力

目的分析中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所的学术影响力,为科技管理部门了解本所的科研发展动向,制定科研政策提供科学量化的依据。方法以SCIE数据库中收录的中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所的科技论文为基础数据,对本所2011-2015年发表论文的产出、被引频次、h值、资助来源等指标进行统计分析,评估本所学术影响力。结果中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所5年间共发表论文316篇,发文量呈逐年增加趋势,发文类型以论文居多;总被引次数为1 641次,篇均引用次数为5.19,h值为17;发表期刊多以国外专业期刊为主,影响因子在1.194~6.751之间;资助来源以国内居多;同美国和瑞士的国际间合作较为密切;在寄生虫学和热带医学2个学科领域中,本所在国内和亚洲处于领先水平。结论中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所年度发文量总体呈上升趋势,论文发表质量较高;在专业学科领域中,本所同世界排名前列的研究机构还是存在一定差距。     

Epidemiology of maternal morbidity and mortality

Maternal morbidity and mortality remains a significant health care concern in the United States, as the rates continue to rise despite efforts to improve maternal health. In 2013, the United States ranked 60th in maternal mortality worldwide. We review the definitions, rates, trends, and top causes of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as risk factors for adverse maternal outcomes. We describe current local and national initiatives in place to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and offer suggestions for future research.     

Gender norms and economic empowerment intervention to reduce intimate partner violence against women in rural Côte d’Ivoire: a randomized controlled pilot study

Background

Gender-based violence against women, including intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pervasive health and human rights concern. However, relatively little intervention research has been conducted on how to reduce IPV in settings impacted by conflict. The current study reports on the evaluation of the incremental impact of adding “gender dialogue groups” to an economic empowerment group savings program on levels of IPV. This study took place in north and northwestern rural Côte d’Ivoire.

Methods

Between 2010 and 2012, we conducted a two-armed, non-blinded randomized-controlled trial (RCT) comparing group savings only (control) to “gender dialogue groups” added to group savings (treatment). The gender dialogue group consisted of eight sessions that targeted women and their male partner. Eligible Ivorian women (18+ years, no prior experience with group savings) were invited to participate. 934 out of 981 (95.2%) partnered women completed baseline and endline data collection. The primary trial outcome measure was an overall measure of past-year physical and/or sexual IPV. Past year physical IPV, sexual IPV, and economic abuse were also separately assessed, as were attitudes towards justification of wife beating and a woman’s ability to refuse sex with her husband.

Results

Intent to treat analyses revealed that compared to groups savings alone, the addition of gender dialogue groups resulted in a slightly lower odds of reporting past year physical and/or sexual IPV (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.58, 1.47; not statistically significant). Reductions in reporting of physical IPV and sexual IPV were also observed (not statistically significant). Women in the treatment group were significantly less likely to report economic abuse than control group counterparts (OR?=?0.39; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.60, p?<?.0001). Acceptance of wife beating was significantly reduced among the treatment group (β?=?-0.97; 95% CI: -1.67, -0.28, p?=?0.006), while attitudes towards refusal of sex did not significantly change Per protocol analysis suggests that compared to control women, treatment women attending more than 75% of intervention sessions with their male partner were less likely to report physical IPV (a OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.94; p?=?.04) and report fewer justifications for wife beating (adjusted β?=?-1.14; 95% CI: -2.01, -0.28, p?=?0.01) ; and both low and high adherent women reported significantly decreased economic abuse (a OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.52, p?<?0.0001; a OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.81, p?=?01, respectively). No significant reductions were observed for physical and/or sexual IPV, or sexual IPV alone.

Conclusions

Results from this pilot RCT suggest the importance of addressing household gender inequities alongside economic programming, because this type of combined intervention has potential to reduce levels of IPV. Additional large-scale intervention research is needed to replicate these findings.

Trial registration

Registration Number: NCT01629472.

     

Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal,but not reported NIH funding

Neuroscience research has historically demonstrated sex bias that favors male over female research subjects, as well as sex omission, which is the lack of reporting sex. Here we analyzed the status of sex bias and omission in neuroscience research published across six different journals in 2017. Regarding sex omission, 16% of articles did not report sex. Regarding sex bias, 52% of neuroscience articles reported using both males and females, albeit only 15% of articles using both males and females reported assessing sex as an experimental variable. Overrepresentation of the sole use of males compared to females persisted (26% versus 5%, respectively). Sex bias and omission differed across research models, but not by reported NIH funding status. Sex omission differed across journals. These findings represent the latest information regarding the complex status of sex in neuroscience research and illustrate the continued need for thoughtful and informed action to enhance scientific discovery.     

阻断血吸虫病传播策略与措施专家共识

2015年全国达到血吸虫病传播控制标准后,进入以全面阻断血吸虫病传播为新目标、开展监测预警为主要干预措施的新时期.“十三五”时期,四川、江苏、云南、湖北等4个血吸虫病防治重点省份先后达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准或通过国家血吸虫病传播阻断技术评估,我国血吸虫病疫情处于历史最低水平,流行程度进一步降低,《“十三五”全国血吸虫病...     

我国人群和动物芽囊原虫感染研究进展

芽囊原虫(Blastocystis)是一种可寄生于人类和多种动物的单细胞、厌氧性肠道原虫,在全球广泛分布.芽囊原虫感染在我国健康人群、儿童、学生、门诊及住院患者、腹泻等人群中均有报道,免疫力低下人群感染率较高,广西和云南地区人群感染率相对较高.根据小亚基核糖体RNA (small-subunit ribosomal R...