中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在抗寄生虫免疫中的作用研究进展

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs）是活化的炎性中性粒细胞在感染或炎症应答期主动释放的一种串珠样纤维网状物质,由染色质DNA和多种胞内蛋白成分组成,可通过缠绕致病菌限制其扩散,同时通过各种抗菌蛋白杀伤致病菌,被认为是中性粒细胞除吞噬和脱颗粒作用外的第三种杀菌机制。近年研究显示,NETs也参与抗寄生虫免疫过程。本文就NETs在抗寄生虫免疫中作用的研究进展作一综述,以期为寄生虫病发病机制研究以及相关治疗药物开发提供参考。     

Triglyceride–glucose index associates with incident heart failure: A cohort study

AimsTriglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance. However, few studies have investigated the association of TyG index with heart failure (HF). We aimed to explore the relationship between TyG index and incident HF.MethodsA total of 138,620 participants from the Kailuan study were included for analysis. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL) / 2]. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between TyG index and the risk of HF. Restricted cubic spline analysis was applied to evaluate the dose-response relationship between TyG index and the risk of HF.ResultsThere were 1602 incident HF cases among the 138,620 participants during a median follow-up of 8.78 years. Compared with those in the lowest quartile group of TyG index, participants with the highest quartile of TyG index had a 24% higher risk of HF (HR=1.24, 95%CI=1.07-1.44) after adjusting for other risk factors. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant J-shaped dose-response relationship between TyG index and risk of HF (P for non-linearity < 0.001). The significant association was still observed among the men and participants with or without abdominal obesity in subgroup analyses.ConclusionThe TyG index was positively associated with the risk of HF, which indicates that the TyG index might be useful to identify people at high-risk for developing HF.     

Calcium,mitochondria and the initiation of acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is characterized by necrosis of its parenchymal cells and influx and activation of inflammatory cells that further promote injury and necrosis. This review is intended to discuss the central role of disorders of calcium metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in the mechanism of pancreatitis development. The disorders are placed in context of calcium and mitochondria in physiologic function of the pancreas. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutics for preventing pathologic calcium signals that injure mitochondria and interventions that promote the removal of injured mitochondria and regenerate new and heathy populations of mitochondria.     

Burden of pancreatic cancer along with attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019, and projections until 2030

ObjectivesUnderstanding epidemiology trends and patterns of pancreatic cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and predicting the burden to 2030 will provide foundations for future policies development.MethodsWe collected incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) data of pancreatic cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to depict the trends of pancreatic cancer burden and predicted the incidence and mortality in the next decade by using a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis.ResultsThe number of incident cases sharply increased from 26.77 thousand in 1990 to 114.96 thousand in 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) nearly doubled from 3.17 per 100,000 in 1990 to 5.78 per 100,000 in 2019, with an EAPC of 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.12, 2.51). The mortality and DALYs presented a similar pattern with incidence. The dominant risk factor for pancreatic cancer was smoking, but the contribution of high body-mass index increased from 1990 to 2019. We projected that the incident cases and deaths of pancreatic cancer would increase to 218.79 thousand and 222.97 thousand, respectively, in 2030 with around 2 times growth.ConclusionsDuring the past three decades, the incidence, mortality and DALYs of pancreatic cancer gradually increased in China, and the absolute number and rate of pancreatic cancer burden would continue to rise over the next decade. Comprehensive policies and strategies need to be implemented to reduce the incidence and mortality.     

Ion Torrent ™ Genexus ™ Integrated Sequencer and ForeNGS Analysis Software—An automatic NGS-STR workflow from DNA to profile for forensic science

The Ion Torrent ™ Genexus ™ Sequencer (Genexus) is a highly integrated instrument that can automate library construction, templating, and sequencing in a single-instrument run. By programing the ForeNGS Analysis Software (FNAS), we bridged the gap between sequencing and genotyping without manual intervention. FNAS can automatically transfer sequencing output files from Genexus, analyze the repeat and flanking regions aligned to the GRCh38 assembly, name the alleles according to the ISFG guidelines, and generate user-friendly interactive profiles. Genexus and FNAS can accomplish the fully automatic DNA-to-Profile workflow in forensics. Based on our experiences, the optimal assay parameters on Genexus were validated as follows: 24 cycles of target amplification for library construction; 40 μL of library and 400 bp of template size for templating; 852 flows of dNTPs by order of Ion samba HID2 for sequencing; and 750,000 reads per sample at minimum for 16 samples multiplexed on a lane. By developmental validations of the Precision ID Globalfiler ™ NGS STR Panel v2, Genexus presented competitive performance at the optimal assay parameters qualified to detect commonly used forensic STR markers. It could produce repeatable and reproducible results, and human profiles could be easily separated from nonhuman profiles. Additionally, Genexus was sensitive enough to detect samples with 100 pg of input DNA, and it was suitable for various types of case samples, especially for low copy number samples and degraded samples. Moreover, minor contributors could be detected between the 4:1 and 1:4 mixtures with an analysis threshold of 50 × . The Genexus workflow is a robust and labor-effective solution enabling forensic scientists to obtain NGS-STR profiles within a single day and with only the need to prepare DNA extracts, then set up Genexus, and finally interpret profiles on FNAS.