Involvement of MAPK,Akt/GSK-3β and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways in protection of remote glial cells from axotomy-induced necrosis and apoptosis in the isolated crayfish stretch receptor

Severe mechanical nerve injury such as axotomy can lead to neuron degeneration and death of surrounding glial cells. We showed that axotomy not only mechanically injures glial cells at the cutting location, but also induces necrosis or apoptosis of satellite glial cells remote from the transection site. Therefore, axon integrity is necessary for survival of surrounding glial cells. We used the crayfish stretch receptor that consists of a single mechanoreceptor neuron enveloped by satellite glial cells as a simple, but informative model object in the study of the role of various signaling proteins in axotomy-induced death of remote glial cells. After axon transection, stretch receptors were isolated and incubated in saline in the presence or without specific inhibitors of various signaling proteins. Inhibition of MEK1/2, p38, Akt, GSK-3β and mTOR increased axotomy-induced apoptosis of remote glial cells, whereas inhibition of ERK1/2 and GSK-3β enhanced necrosis. This suggests the involvement of these signaling proteins in protective, antiapoptotic and antinecrotic processes in the remote satellite glia surrounding the axotomized mechanoreceptor neuron.     

A systematic review of the application of spatial analysis in pharmacoepidemiologic research

PurposeAlthough current reviews of the use of spatial analysis in general epidemiologic research illustrate an important and well-established role in exploring and predicting health, its application has not been reviewed in the subspecialty field of pharmacoepidemiology.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the scientific literature to assess to what extent spatial analysis has been applied in pharmacoepidemiologic research and explored its potential added value.ResultsA systematic search in PubMed and Embase/MEDLINE yielded 823 potentially relevant articles; 45 articles met our criteria for review. The studies were reviewed on study objective, applied spatial methods and units of analysis, and author-reported added value of the geographic approach used. Of the 45 included studies, 34 (76%) reported a geographic research objective. Comparative spatial methods were most often used (n = 25; 56%). Eleven studies used spatial statistics (32%); cluster analysis (n = 5) and aggregate data analysis (n = 4) being most common. Mapping was done in 15 studies (33%). The most common added value reported was to aid the planning of health policies and interventions (n = 24; 53%). A minority of pharmacoepidemiologic studies used a geographic approach and the applied methods were less advanced compared with the broader field of epidemiology.ConclusionsFurther advancements are needed to incorporate currently available spatial techniques to impact health care planning.     

中国鼠疫现况与基因分型

从鼠疫自然疫源地的认识着手,重点阐述了中国鼠疫自然疫源地的现况和鼠疫菌基因分型的研究进展,以及现阶段中国社会经济发展和生态环境的改变对鼠疫的影响,及其所必须采取的预防与控制措施。     

以人为本 统筹解决医疗卫生人员短缺问题

本文从医疗卫生机构编制严重滞后，导致医务人员明显短缺，致使医疗机构大量临时聘用人员，产生同工不同酬等问题进行研究分析，提出了取消公立医院人员编制，建立养事不养人和以病人为中心，资金跟着病人走的医疗服务补偿机制，改革分配制度。     

老年腹股沟疝患者在超声引导下髂腹下与髂腹股沟腹横肌平面阻滞的麻醉效果分析

目的探讨老年腹股沟疝患者应用超声引导下横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）联合髂腹下及髂腹股沟神经阻滞的临床效果。 方法选取2017年10月至2018年10月平罗县人民医院收治的老年腹股沟疝患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组和对照组,各30例,对照组行常规硬膜外麻醉,试验组行超声引导下TAPB联合髂腹下及髂腹股沟神经阻滞。比较2组手术相关临床参数、围手术期血流动力学变化,记录术后苏醒躁动及追加镇痛药情况,并进行患者躁动及疼痛的评估。 结果试验组术后苏醒时间短于对照组（P<0.05）;从手术麻醉前至手术结束,试验组患者心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）水平均无变化（P>0.05）,对照组患者HR、MAP水平在切皮前、切皮后10 min、手术结束时均高于手术麻醉前（P<0.05）;试验组患者在上述时间点的HR、MAP水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组苏醒躁动发生率、追加镇痛药发生率和Cravero评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组患者苏醒时,术后2、4、8 h的视觉模拟量表评分（VAS）均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论老年腹股沟疝患者应用超声引导下TAPB联合髂腹下及髂腹股沟神经阻滞可明显缩短苏醒时间,减少术后疼痛感,围手术期患者的血流动力学更稳定,且镇静效果好。     

[Online First]Influencing factors for peripheral and posterior lesions in mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy— the Kailuan Eye Study

AIM: To explore the influencing factors of type 2 diabetic patients with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in the Kailuan area of Tangshan, Hebei Province, China. METHODS: In this non-interventional, retrospective study, 683 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the Kailuan Diabetic Retinopathy Study involving participants with diabetes in the community-based longitudinal Kailuan Study. Based on the undilated ultra-wide field (200°; UWF) images and partial dilated digital fundus images, the diabetic retinopathy (DR) of the surveyed population was graded. Interobserver agreement was estimated by using Cohen’s Kappa statistics. The main outcome indicators included age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, circumferences of neck circumference, waist and hip, current smoking, levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hypersensitive C-reactive protein, creatinine, and cholesterol, etc. According to different lesions’ locations of patients with mild NPDR, logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs of each risk factor. RESULTS: The study group of 683 patients included 570 males and 113 females. The mean age of the patients was 62.18±9.41y. Compared with dilated fundus examinations, there was fair agreement with the level of DR identified on UWF images in 63.91% of eyes (k =0.369, 95%CI, 0.00-0.00). Detected by UWF images, there were 98 patients with mild NPDR having peripheral retinal lesions, 35 patients with mild NPDR having posterior lesions, 44 patients with mild NPDR whose lesions were detected both in and out the standard two fields area, and 336 patients with non obvious DR. Parameters that conferred a statistically significant increased risks for mild NPDR with having peripheral retinal lesions were neck circumstance (OR, 1.124; 95%CI, 1.044-1.211), and with posterior lesions were FPG (OR, 1.052; 95%CI, 1.007-1.099). CONCLUSION: UWF is an effectiveness means of DR screening. Moreover, it is necessary to evaluate peripheral diabetic retinal lesions which can help to assess the severity of DR. The phenomenon that nonuiform and inhomogeneous distribution of DR lesions has been found. And the influencing factors in mild NPDR are differing by different lesions’ locations.     

宁夏角叶蚤属一新记录(蚤目,角叶蚤科)

目的发现并记录宁夏跳蚤种类,丰富医学昆虫资源。方法采用媒介生物学调查方法与形态学镜检分类法,将采集的标本常规保存与制片,鉴定蚤种。结果发现角叶蚤属Ceratophyllus Curtis,1832一新记录,即冥河角叶蚤灰沙燕亚种Ceratophyllus styx riparius Jordan et Rothschild,1920。结论宁夏蚤类不断被发现,对预防控制鼠疫等自然疫源性疾病具有重要意义。     

Amentolfavone protects hippocampal neurons:anti-inlfammatory,antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects

Amentoflavone is a natural biflavone compound with many biological properties, including anti-inlfammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects. We presumed that amentolfavone exerts a neuroprot...     

NF-κB信号转导通路与复发性口腔溃疡的相关性分析

目的: 研究NF-κB信号转导通路与复发性口腔溃疡（RAU）易感性的相关性。方法: 采用ELISA方法检测124例RAU患者和133例健康对照者中NFκBp50、NFκBp65、IκBα、IKK的血清含量,则用限制性片段长度多态性-聚合酶链式反应（RFLP-PCR）进行NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG位点的基因多态性分析,用比值比（OR）和95%可信区间（95%CI）估计相对危险度,采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: RAU组患者血清NFκBp50、NFκBp65、IKK 水平均显著低于正常对照组（P<0.05）,RAU组患者血清IκBα水平均显著高于正常对照组（P<0.05）。NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG位点在基因型频率与等位基因频率的分布上,病例组与正常对照组之间均有显著差异（P<0.05）。NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG位点基因型ID（OR=3.073,95%CI=1.557-6.067）与DD（OR=4.851,95%CI=2.264-10.393）为高风险基因型,D等位基因为高风险等位基因（OR=2.079,95%CI=1.462-2.957）。结论: NF-κB信号转导通路与复发性口腔溃疡有一定关系。NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG位点是RAU患者的易感基因位点。NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG位点携带D等位基因,患RAU的风险性是携带I等位基因的2.079倍。