The metabolic consequences of imatinib mesylate: Changes on glucose,lypidic and bone metabolism

The therapeutic efficacy of imatinib mesylate is based on its specific inhibition of several tyrosine kinases (TKs) implicated in the disease pathogenesis. These enzymes include BCR/ABL in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia, PDGF-R alpha and beta in patients with certain myeloproliferative disorders and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and c-KIT in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Most patients tolerate the drug well and apparently no metabolic abnormalities are evidenced during treatment. However, different metabolic effects have been reported as a consequence of imatinib inhibition during treatment of patients with CML. The aim of this review is to report the changes caused by imatinib on glucose, lypidic and bone metabolism.     

安徽地区17 160例健康体检女性人乳头瘤病毒感染状况及基因分型

目的探讨安徽地区健康体检女性感染人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）发生率及病毒亚型分布，为宫颈癌的防治提供依据。 方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）反向点杂交技术对2018年4月至2018年12月合肥金域医学检验实验室有限公司接收的不同年龄段的健康体检女性宫颈脱落细胞样本进行HPV基因分型检测，根据基因型检测结果分析HPV及其亚型在女性人群中的潜在感染率、各基因型检出率和不同年龄段分布。 结果17 160例健康女性体检样本中，HPV基因检测阳性者共2 990例，总阳性率为17.42%（2 990/17 160）。17种高危型和6种低危型HPV均被检出。其中单一基因型检出者占73.71%（2204/2 990），二重基因型检出者占19.03%（569/2 990），三重基因型检出者占5.55%（166/2 990），四重（43例）、五重（7例）和六重（1例）基因型检出共占1.71%（51/2 990）。2 204例单一基因型感染样本中，高危型感染者1 829例（82.99%）。常见的高危HPV亚型依次为HPV52（20.07%、367/1 829）、HPV16（16.84%、308/1 829）、HPV53（9.84%、180/18 29）、HPV18（8.26%、151/1 829），此4种高危型HPV检出率占总高危型的55.00%（1 006/1 829）；其他13种高危型HPV分布于其他823例患者。低危型HPV共检出375例，以HPV81亚型最常见（40.00%、150/375），其次为HPV42亚型（22.13%、83/375）和HPV43亚型（17.33%、65/375）。其他3种低危型分布于其余23例患者。二重HPV感染者中，均为高危亚型感染者390例（68.54%），均为低危亚型感染者10例（1.76%），高低危亚型混合感染者169例（29.70%）。三重感染中，高危亚型感染者73例（43.98%），低危亚型感染者2例（1.20%），高低危亚型混合感染者91例（54.82%）。四重及以上HPV感染中，高危亚型感染22例（43.14%），低危亚型感染0例（0.00%），高低危混合感染29例（56.86%）。无论单一HPV感染还是多重HPV感染，均以高危型HPV感染为主。21～25岁、26～30岁、31～35岁、36～40岁、41～45岁、46～50岁、51～55岁、56～60岁、≥ 61岁年龄组体检者HPV阳性检出率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 28.701、P < 0.001）。 结论安徽地区健康体检女性HPV感染以单一感染和高危感染为主，高危型HPV感染率从高至低依次为HPV52、HPV16、HPV53和HPV18；不同年龄分层HPV感染率存在差异。     

乳头状膀胱炎的临床病理分析

本文回顾性分析6例乳头状膀胱炎的临床表现、形态学改变。在6例患者中,男2例,女4例,年龄44~73(57.3±10.19)岁,膀胱三角区5例,膀胱侧壁1例,肿物直径0.4~1.5 cm。病变有炎症背景,宽广的基底,指状、乳头状突起,间质纤维化或水肿,被覆上皮无异型性。乳头状膀胱炎是一种少见的膀胱炎症类型,易被误诊为低级别尿路上皮肿瘤,组织学改变有特征性。     

Analyses of Long-Term Epidemic Trends and Evolution Characteristics of Haplotype Subtypes Reveal the Dynamic Selection on SARS-CoV-2

The scale of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death is so enormous that further study of the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 will help us better understand and respond to SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. The present study analyzed the epidemic and evolutionary characteristics of haplotype subtypes or regions based on 1.8 million high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomic data. The estimated ratio of the rates of non-synonymous to synonymous changes (Ka/Ks) in North America and the United States were always more than 1.0, while the Ka/Ks in other continents and countries showed a sharp decline, then a slow increase to 1.0, and a dramatic increase over time. H1 (B.1) with the highest substitution rate has become the most dominant haplotype subtype since March 2020 and has evolved into multiple haplotype subtypes with smaller substitution rates. Many evolutionary characteristics of early SARS-CoV-2, such as H3 being the only early haplotype subtype that existed for the shortest time, the global prevalence of H1 and H1-5 (B.1.1) within a month after being detected, and many high divergent genome sequences early in February 2020, indicate the missing of early SARS-CoV-2 genomic data. SARS-CoV-2 experienced dynamic selection from December 2019 to August 2021 and has been under strong positive selection since May 2021. Its transmissibility and the ability of immune escape may be greatly enhanced over time. This will bring greater challenges to the control of the pandemic.