河北省艾滋病哨点监测现状及分析

目的了解河北省艾滋病哨点监测的状况,推动我省艾滋病哨点监测的建立。方法收集历年来全省国家级和省级哨点检测资料,并进行分析。结果到2006年全省共有17个监测哨点,其中6个国家级监测点,11个省级哨点,覆盖全省11个市,监测人群包括性病门诊就诊者、暗娼、吸毒者、男性同性恋、献血员、婚前体检、孕产妇和长途卡车司机等8个人群。结论建立了覆盖全省的艾滋病监测哨点监测系统,通过多年来的监测为全省制定干预措施,评价防治效果提供了科学的数据,但是目前监测哨点数量不能满足我省艾滋病防治工作需要,需要继续扩展监测点。     

2011-2015年河北省手足口病流行特征及病原特征分析

目的 分析河北省手足口病（hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD）的流行特征及病原学构成,为手足口病的防控提供科学依据。方法 利用描述流行病学方法对河北省2011-2015年疾病监测信息报告系统上报的手足口病病例和实验室检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2011-2015年累计报告手足口病病例349 113例,年均发病率为95.91/10万,其中2012年和2014年报告发病率最高,呈现隔年高水平流行的现象。高发期集中在5~7月,10~12月间又出现一个次高峰或“拖尾”峰,患者主要为≤5岁儿童,尤其以1~3岁组婴幼儿为主。各地区发病水平存在差异,以发病率和重症率为分类指标对各地市进行聚类分析和赋值评价,得到重点防控地区为廊坊市、沧州市、衡水市、石家庄市、保定市和承德市。不同年份病原构成亦不同,在2013年和2015年其他肠道病毒分别取代柯萨奇病毒A组16型（coxsachievirus A16,CoxA16）、肠道病毒71型（enterovirus 71,EV71）成为当年主要病原体,构成比高达44.89%和66.23%。结论 河北省手足口病呈现明显的季节、人群以及一定的地区分布规律,应进一步关注手足口病病原谱的变化,加强重点地区防控。     

石家庄市男男性行为人群对同伴推动HIV检测策略的接受意愿分析

目的 了解石家庄市MSM对同伴推动HIV检测策略的接受意愿及其相关因素。方法 2018年8-9月通过石家庄市MSM社会组织协助,分享线上问卷二维码,采用方便抽样方式招募544名MSM作为调查对象,登录“金数据企业版”（https：//im.jinshuju.com/users/sign_in）进行线上匿名调查。调查内容包括社会人口学、行为学、HIV检测相关态度、同伴推动HIV检测策略的接受意愿等信息。采用χ²检验分析社会人口学特征,采用logistic回归模型分析MSM同伴推动HIV检测策略的接受意愿的相关因素。采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计学分析。结果 521名调查对象中,建议同伴接受HIV检测的意愿占59.50%（310/521）,接受同伴建议HIV检测的意愿占90.02%（469/521）。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,HIV检测频次分别为每年1次（aOR=2.72,95%CI：1.42~5.20）、每半年1次（aOR=5.72,95%CI：2.97~11.02）与每个季度≥1次（aOR=8.76,95%CI：4.56~16.83）、发生性行为前询问对方HIV感染状态（aOR=1.94,95%CI：1.15~3.28）和STD史（aOR=1.83,95%CI：1.06~3.14）是建议同伴接受HIV检测的意愿的正相关因素;与同伴讨论HIV检测相关问题（aOR=4.43,95%CI：1.87~10.54）、认为向同伴提出HIV检测建议会影响双方感情（aOR=0.35,95%CI：0.15~0.82）分别是接受同伴建议HIV检测意愿的正相关、负相关因素。结论 提高MSM主动建议同伴接受HIV检测的意愿,增强自我保护意识和双方平等交流及沟通的技巧,是MSM同伴推动HIV检测策略成功的关键。     

河北省卢龙县婴幼儿腹泻的病毒病原构成及流行病学特点

腹泻病是世界范围内婴幼儿的常见病和多发病,研究表明全球每年约有150万～250万5岁以下婴幼儿死于腹泻有关的疾病或并发症,其中85%的患儿来自发展中国家~([1]).在腹泻病的多种病原体中,现已证实轮状病毒(HRV)、杯状病毒(HuCV)、星状病毒(AStV)和腺病毒(ADV)是婴幼儿腹泻病的主要病原.     

Homeopathic Agents or Vitamins in Reducing Ecchymosis after Oculofacial Surgery: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology

PurposeTo review the published literature to determine the efficacy and safety of homeopathic agents or vitamins in reducing ecchymosis after oculofacial surgery or laser surgery.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the PubMed database initially in December 2019 and updated in March 2020 to identify all studies in the English language literature on the use of homeopathic agents or vitamins in oculofacial procedures, including laser surgery. The search yielded 124 citations, and 11 articles met all inclusion criteria for this assessment. A panel methodologist then assigned a level of evidence rating for each study. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria; 9 were rated level I, and 2 were rated level III.ResultsThe agents studied in the articles identified included oral or topical Arnica montana (AM), oral Melilotus extract, topical vitamin K oxide, and topical AM combined with Rhododendron tomentosum. Metrics to describe ecchymosis varied. In 7 controlled studies, perioperative AM provided no or negligible benefit versus placebo. In 2 studies, vitamin K cream was equivalent to placebo. One study of oral Melilotus extract had less ecchymosis compared with controls in paranasal and eyelid ecchymosis at postoperative day (POD) 7, but not at PODs 1 and 4. A lone cohort study of combined topical AM and R. tomentosum lacked objective metrics and adequate controls. No serious side effects from administration of homeopathic agents or vitamins were identified.ConclusionsThe current literature does not support the use of AM, vitamin K oxide, R. tomentosum, or Melilotus extract for reducing ecchymosis after oculofacial surgery or pulsed dye laser surgery.     

肺炎链球菌脑膜炎发病相关因素的巢式病例对照研究

肺炎链球菌是儿童细菌性脑炎/脑膜炎的主要病原体之一.由于我国缺乏规范的肺炎链球菌脑膜炎检测系统，其发病情况、危险因素等尚不清楚.本研究拟探索肺炎链球菌脑膜炎的发病与危险因素，为科学防控提供依据.     

The life cycle of Hyalomma scupense (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

The life cycle of Hyalomma scupense on rabbit hosts was investigated under laboratory conditions. Hy. scupense exhibited one- and two-host life cycles of 163.2 and 161.4 days, respectively. The incubation of eggs required an average period of 52 days, which was the longest period among the four developmental stages. The average time for pre-feeding of larvae was 3.5 days. It took 20 days for larvae to become engorged nymphs and 52.3 days to become engorged females. The duration of the pre-feeding, feeding, pre-oviposition, and oviposition stages of female adults was 2.3, 13.5, 27.5, and 27.9 days, respectively. The average weight of engorged females was 390.0 mg (ranging from 129.3 mg to 828.6 mg), which was 28.95 times the weight of unfed females. There was a positive relationship between the weight and the number of eggs laid by engorged females (r = 0.927). The reproductive efficiency index (REI) was 8.63.