河北省藁城市农村社区居民高血压流行状况调查

目的　了解河北省农村社区居民高血压流行现况,为制定科学合理的高血压防治措施提供依据。方法 按照统一方法对河北省藁城市梅花镇5 892名25岁以上居民进行了现场询问、血压测量等横断面调查,统计分析了不同年龄、性别等人群血压水平、高血压患病率、患病知晓率、治疗率、控制率、高血压防治知识知晓率等指标。结果 被调查居民平均收缩压为(127.8±21. 4) mmHg,男性(130 .2±20 .7)mm Hg,女性(125.8±21 .8)mm Hg,平均舒张压为(81 6±11.. 4)mm Hg,男性(84 .0±11. 5)mm Hg,女性(79. 7±11 .0)mm Hg;高血压粗患病率为 39. 4%(男性 44 .0%,女性35. 8%),标化率为34. 9%(男性38. 8%,女性30. 7%);人群平均收缩压水平及高血压患病率均随着年龄增加上升,高血压患病率45岁以下人群男性高于女性,45~64 岁人群男性与女性持平,65 岁以上人群女性高于男性;工人、大专及以上文化程度或经济收入高的人群高血压患病率高于其他人群;居民高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为34 .7%、17. 6%和6 .1%;高血压防治知识知晓率 19 .6%。结论 河北省藁城市农村居民高血压患病率高,患病知晓率、治疗率、控制率低,高血压防治知识知晓率低,高血压防治水平低,需要加强对人群的健康教育、高血压筛查和高血压病人的随访管理工作。     

气相色谱法对活性炭管中三氯乙烯测量结果的不确定度评定

目的建立气相色谱法测定活性炭管中三氯乙烯的不确定度分析方法。评定测定结果的质量,找出主要影响因素。方法依据GBZ／T160.46-2004工作场所空气中三氯乙烯含量测定的方法,得出A类不确定度和B类不确定度。结果通过A类不确定度和B类不确定度求得合成不确定度,取扩展因子K=2,得出扩展不确定度为30.8μg。结论气相色谱法测定活性炭管中的三氯乙烯的最主要的不确定度来源是绘制工作曲线产生的,其次是配制标准溶液引入的不确定度。     

葡萄籽提取物复合物对小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的研究葡萄籽提取物复合物的抗氧化作用。方法将48只昆明小鼠随机分为4组,高、中、低剂量组分别经口给予不同剂量(0.44g/kg、0.87g/kg、1.31g/kg)的溶剂,空白对照组则给予同体积去离子水,连续给样品45d后取血清测抗氧化酶活力。结果复合物高剂量组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01),复合物高剂量组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。结论该复合物具有一定的抗氧化作用。     

河北省成人大骨节病调查结果分析

目的全面了解河北省成人大骨节病(Kaschin-Beck disease,KBD)病情,为制订大骨节病防治策略提供科学依据。方法从46个病区乡中抽取50个病区村,并保证每个乡最少抽取1个村,对该村≥16岁人群进行大骨节病调查,并统计临床Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度检出率,估计目前我省成人大骨节病患者人数。结果全省成人大骨节病平均检出率8.94%,大骨节病检出率随年龄增大而升高,46岁以上年龄组占病人总数的96.1%。全省大骨节病人约40 000例。结论河北省大骨节病得到控制,但成人大骨节病仍构成公共卫生问题,对这些患者的救治应引起有关部门重视。     

河北省三种脊髓灰质炎疫苗安全性监测分析

目的 比较河北省二价脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral polio attenuated live vaccine, bOPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(Salk株)(inactivvated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Salk strains, IPV-Salk)和脊灰灭活疫苗(Sabin株)(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains , IPV-Sabin )接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价脊灰疫苗的安全性。 方法 通过疑似AEFI信息管理系统收集河北省2016年5月1日—2018年4月30日脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI个案,比较分析三种脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI的报告发生情况。 结果 bOPV、IPV-Salk和IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率分别为13.53 / 10万剂、40.50/10万剂和63.70 / 10万剂。bOPV与IPV-Salk、bOPV与IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk与IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率(χ²= 360.355, P＜0.001,χ²= 360.247, P＜0.001, χ²= 34.895, P＜0.001)和一般反应报告发生率(χ²= 373.009, P＜0.001, χ²= 564.795, P＜0.001, χ²= 35.382,P＜0.001)差异均有统计学意义,由高到低依次为:IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk和bOPV;异常反应报告发生率(χ²= 3.077,P=0.079, χ²_C= 1.165,P=0.281, χ²_C= 0,P=1)差异均无统计学意义。三种脊灰疫苗的AEFI中均以一般反应为主,年龄主要集中在≤1岁组,主要发生在接种后1 d内。 结论 河北省三种脊灰疫苗总体安全性良好,但仍需加强脊灰疫苗安全性监测。     

Neutralizing antibody activity,safety and immunogenicity of human anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibody (Ormutivimab) in Chinese healthy adults: A phase Ⅱb randomized,double-blind,parallel-controlled study

ObjectiveThis study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trail to evaluate the rabies virus neutralizing activity（RVNA）, safety and immunogenicity of Ormutivimab + rabies vaccine in Chinese healthy adults.MethodsSubjects were randomly and equally assigned to 4 groups (20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine, 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine, 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine, and placebo + vaccine). Subjects received vaccine as the WHO Essen regime combined with Omutivimab、HRIG or placebo on Day 0. The study lasted for 43 days.ResultsA total of 240 subjects were simultaneously assigned to both FAS and SS. Fifty subjects with baseline RVNA > 0.05 IU/ml (detection limit) were excluded, 190 were included into mITT.All the subjects from 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine group had a protection level of RNVA (≥0.5 IU/ml, WHO) on Day 14, and those in 20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine group and placebo + vaccine group converted positive 100 % on Day 28. In contrast to 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine and placebo + vaccine, Ormutivimab + vaccine provided a higher RVNA during Days 0 to 7. And RVNA in 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine and 20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine groups were always higher than 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine group during the whole study. Although anti-Omtv antibody were detected in some subjects, it did not influence the RVNA. The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in 20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine group (17.2 %) than in 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine (36.7 %) and 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine groups (40.3 %).ConclusionCompared with HRIG + vaccine and placebo + vaccine, Omtv + vaccine provided higher RNVA for earlier immune protection. The interference of Ormutivimab on the long-term immune protection induced by rabies vaccine is weaker than HRIG. At the same dose, the adverse reactions of Omtv + vaccine group were less than HRIG + vaccine group.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02559921.     

The fluorescent probe-based recombinase-aided amplification for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a common foodborne morbigenous microorganism, which can spread through fecal-oral transmission. Humans can be infected by ingesting foods and water contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, which can cause various symptoms. In present study, we have successfully developed a quick and hypersensitive fluorescent probe-based Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) method and applied in E. coli O157:H7 detection at 39 °C in 20 min. The sensitivity of the assay in pure E. coli O157:H7 suspension was 5.6 × 10⁰ CFU/mL. The fluorescent probe-based RAA assay was further applied in three samples, and the limit of detection (LOD) in skimmed milk, lettuces and lake water was 5.4 × 10¹ CFU/mL, 7.9 × 10¹ CFU/mL and 5.2 × 10¹ CFU/mL, separately. This method showed a high sensitivity and short detection time, which has the feasible application in on-site test in real samples.     

Multiple divergent Human mastadenovirus C co-circulating in mainland of China

The human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) cause respiratory infections in children. Homologous recombination was clearly involved in the molecular evolution of HAdV-A, B, and D, but little is known about the molecular evolution of HAdV-C. From 2000 to 2016, 201 HAdV-C strains were collected from nine provinces covering six administrative regions of mainland of China via 3 existing surveillance programs, namely the febrile respiratory syndrome surveillance, the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, and the hand, foot, and mouth disease surveillance system. The genes coding for the capsid protein (penton base, hexon, and fiber) of 201 HAdV-C strains were sequenced and compared with representative sequences publicly available. In addition, the whole genome sequence of 24 representative strains of HAdV-C was generated for further recombination analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the penton base sequences of HAdV-C revealed six genetic groups (labelled as Px1–6), which showed that the penton base had more variation than previously thought. Based on the penton base, hexon, and fiber gene sequences, 16 new genetic patterns of HAdV-C circulating in mainland of China were identified in this study. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed frequent recombination events among HAdV-C genomes. This study is highly beneficial for case classification, tracking the transmission chain, and further epidemiological exploration of HAdV-C-related severe clinical diseases in the near future. Our data demonstrated that multiple newly divergent HAdV-C co-circulated across mainland China during the research period.     

非新生儿破伤风诊疗规范

破伤风分为新生儿破伤风和非新生儿破伤风。我国已于2012年消除了新生儿破伤风,但非新生儿破伤风仍是一个严重的公共卫生问题。非新生儿破伤风重症患者在无医疗干预的情况下,病死率接近100%,即使经过积极的综合治疗,全球范围病死率仍为30%~50%,是一种极为严重的潜在致命性疾病。为规范我国非新生儿破伤风诊疗行为,提高医疗质量,保障医疗安全,特制定本规范。本规范包括了非新生儿破伤风的病原学、流行病学、发病机制、临床表现及实验室检查、诊断、鉴别诊断、分级、治疗等方面内容。