基于智能药柜的住院患者用药分散调剂模式构建

目的：应用智能药柜（ADC）建立住院患者用药分散调剂模式,缩短用药医嘱执行时间,提高药师、护士工作效率,提升药品管理质量。方法：介绍某院ADC分散调剂模式的构建方法及取得的效果。结果：ADC分散调剂模式实现了缩短住院医嘱执行时间,提高药师、护士工作效率,提高病区药品管理质量的目标。结论：全院范围应用ADC分散调剂在我国尚属较新的管理模式,还需要积累总结经验,优化工作流程,完善质量控制体系,让这种模式的优势得到更充分的体现,让药师可以借助信息化管理手段将更多精力用于专业技术性工作,实现工作模式转型。     

Eating behavior,prenatal and postnatal growth in Angelman syndrome

The objectives of the present study were to investigate eating behavior and growth parameters in Angelman syndrome. We included 39 patients with Angelman syndrome. Twelve cases had a larger Class I deletion, eighteen had a smaller Class II deletion, whereas paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD) or a verified UBE3A mutation were present in five and four cases, respectively. Eating behavior was assessed by a questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were obtained from medical records and compared to Danish reference data. Children with pUPD had significantly larger birth weight and birth length than children carrying a deletion or a UBE3A mutation. We found no difference in birth weight or length in children with Class I or Class II deletions. When maternal birth weight and/or birth weight of siblings were taken into consideration, children with Class I deletion had a lower weight at birth than expected, and the weight continued to be reduced during the investigated initial five years of life. In contrast, children with pUPD showed hyperphagic behavior and their weight increased significantly after the age of two years. Accordingly, their body mass index was significantly increased as compared to children with a deletion. At birth, one child showed microcephaly. At five years of age, microcephaly was observed in half of the deletion cases, but in none of the cases with a UBE3A mutation or pUPD. The apparently normal cranial growth in the UBE3A and pUPD patients should however be regarded as the result of a generally increased growth. Eating behavior, pre- and postnatal growth in children with Angelman syndrome depends on genotype.     

Motion analysis of the upper extremity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy—An assessment of six daily tasks

Restrictions in range of motion of the upper extremity are common in patients with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to investigate movement deviations of the upper extremity in children with unilateral CP by means of 3D motion capture as well as by the use of easy to use scores and questionnaires (MACS, MRC, MAS, ABILHAND-Kids). 16 children with a spastic, unilateral CP were included and compared to a group of 17 typically developing adolescents (TD). The movement time and range of motion (ROM) of six uni- and bimanual daily tasks were compared and correlated with the scores and questionnaires. Movement times increased significantly with involvement according to MACS in all tasks. The restrictions in ROM were pronounced in the forearm. As a compensatory mechanism the children of the MACS 2 and 3 groups showed increased trunk movement. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the MACS and the ABILHAND-Kids Questionnaire. In contrast to previous studies, which reported a correlation between the restrictions in ROM and the MACS, this study showed no consistent correlation between the restrictions in ROM neither with the MACS nor with the ABILHAND-Kids. While the MACS and the ABILHAND-Kids function as a simple rating tool for clinical use, the detailed analysis of different daily tasks using 3-D-motion capture provides more detailed information about the movement deviations and spatiotemporal parameters.     

Differences between late preterm and full-term infants: Comparing effects of a short bout of practice on early reaching behavior

This study compared the effects of a short bout of practice on reaching behavior between late preterm and full-term infants at the onset of goal-directed reaching. Twelve late preterm infants and twelve full-term infants received reaching practice based on a serial schedule. Late preterm and full-term infants were assessed in 3.3 ± 1.4 and 2.6 ± 1.0 days after the onset of goal-directed reaching in two measures in a single day: immediately before practice (pre-test) and immediately after practice (post-test). During the assessments, the infants were placed in a baby chair and a rubber toy was presented at their midline within reaching distance for 2 min. Between assessments, the infants received practice of toy-oriented reaching in 3 activities repeated for approximately 4 min. The activities were elicited in a pre-established serial sequence and were applied by a physical therapist. During the pre-test, late preterm infants presented lower range of proximal adjustments, greater proportion of reaches with semi-open hand, and greater proportion of reaches without grasping than the full-term infants. During the post-test, late preterm infants presented greater motor variability of proximal adjustments, but explored and selected distal control and grasping outcomes less compared to the full-term group. Differences in reaching and gross motor behavior between late preterm and full-term infants can be found at the age of reaching onset. Practice provided new opportunities for late preterm infants to improve perception-action coupling to reach; however, relative to full-terms, they seemed less advanced in benefiting from the experience for more refined manual tasks.     

A computer-aided program for helping patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease engage in verbal reminiscence

This study assessed a simple computer-aided program for helping patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease engage in verbal reminiscence. In practice, the program was aimed at fostering the patient's verbal engagement on a number of life experiences/topics previously selected for him or her and introduced in the sessions through a friendly female, who appeared on the computer screen. The female asked the patient about the aforementioned experiences/topics, and provided him or her with positive attention, and possibly verbal guidance (i.e., prompts/encouragements). Eight patients were involved in the study, which was carried out according to non-concurrent multiple baseline designs across participants. Seven of them showed clear improvement during the intervention phase (i.e., with the program). Their mean percentages of intervals with verbal engagement/reminiscence ranged from close to zero to about 15 during the baseline and from above 50 to above 75 during the intervention. The results were discussed in relation to previous literature on reminiscence therapy, with specific emphasis on the need for (a) replication studies and (b) the development of new versions of the technology-aided program to improve its impact and reach a wider number of patients.     

Eating and drinking-related care for persons with advanced dementia in long-term care

BackgroundAdvanced dementia is a life-limiting illness that requires a palliative approach to care. Decline in eating/drinking represents a milestone in progression that warrants decision-making and planning of care. In long-term care (LTC), this is best conducted via family case conferences.AimTo explore decision-making and planning regarding eating/drinking-related care in case conferences for persons with advanced dementia in LTC to inform future practice.MethodsA qualitative approach was taken, using observation of audio-recorded case conferences. Case conferences were conducted in 6 LTC facilities within the intervention arm of a cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants were LTC personnel, doctors, and families of persons with advanced dementia. Content was analysed for eating/drinking-related goals of care and the degree to which decision-making was shared.FindingsThirty-two case conferences considered eating/drinking-related care. The goals included nutrition, hydration, weight gain and maintenance, food enjoyment, social interaction, and independence. Key considerations included secondary health issues impacting comfort, and tensions between food enjoyment versus nutrition and risk of aspiration. While families contributed essential information about eating/drinking history, sometimes decision-making was dominated by professionals and overlooked overall goals of care.DiscussionShared decision-making regarding eating/drinking-related care for persons with advanced dementia in LTC should start with consensus on overall goals of care and include contributions to quality of life as well as risks. Family involvement should be supported beyond information-giving.ConclusionFuture studies are needed to identify the most sensitive and understandable ways for families of discussing eating/drinking-related decline in dementia.