湖南省不同类型血吸虫病流行区流行状况横断面调查

目的调查目前湖南省血吸虫病不同类型流行区的流行状况，为制定科学防治措施提供参考。方法于2005年4月份对全省16个不同类型区的流行村的家畜用塑料杯顶管孵化法粪检，11月份进行人群IHA血清学检查，阳性者用kato—katz法粪栓。结果共调查10245人，IHA阳性2457人，kato—katz法粪检阳性394人，感染率为3．85％，病人感染度为30．05，人群感染度为2．22；不同类型流行区人群感染率，以洲滩亚型最高，山丘型最低。男性均高于女性，洲垸亚型和垸内亚型差异有显著性；各亚型流行区30-50岁年龄段人群人群感染率和EPG较高；洲垸亚型人群感染率和EPG最高的是渔民，垸内亚型是商业服务者和民工，洲滩亚型和山丘型是农民。家畜共查578头，粪检阳性101头，阳性率17．47％；家畜感染率洲垸亚型最高，垸内亚型最低。结论湖南省血吸虫病人群感染率近期较以往有所降低，但不同流行地区、性别、年龄、职业的人群感染率和EPG有很大差别。     

基于多状态生命表对中国高龄老人健康期望寿命分析

目的分析中国80～105岁高龄老人的健康状况。方法本研究使用"中国老年人口健康状况调查研究"纵向调查项目2002～2005年资料,通过多状态生命表法计算自理健康期望寿命和自评健康期望寿命等指标。结果中国80～91岁年龄组高龄老人在自我照料方面尚处于较好水平,但其自评健康反映的综合健康状况方面的水平较差,具有很大的改善空间;92～105岁年龄组的高龄老人在自我照料和综合健康状况两方面均比较差。结论中国高龄老人的健康状况具有城乡和性别差异。     

Associations of drugs routinely given in labour with breastfeeding at 48 hours: analysis of the Cardiff Births Survey

Background  Little is known about how breastfeeding rates are affected by drugs routinely administered in labour.
Objective  To examine a large obstetric data set to investigate potentially modifiable associations between drugs routinely administered in labour and breastfeeding in healthy women and infants.
Design  Retrospective cohort.
Setting  The Cardiff (Wales UK) Births Survey.
Population  A total of 48 366 healthy women delivering healthy singleton babies at term.
Methods  Analysis of the Cardiff Births Survey.
Main outcome measure  Association between intrapartum medications and breastfeeding at 48 hours postpartum.
Results  At 48 hours, 43.3% (20 933/48 366) women were not breastfeeding. Regression analysis confirmed previously reported associations of lower breastfeeding rates with certain demographic indicators, epidural analgesia, intramuscular opioid analgesia and ergometrine. Novel associations were detected with oxytocin alone or in combination with ergometrine administered for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), which were associated with reductions of 6–8%, (intramuscular oxytocin OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.91, intravenous oxytocin OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57–0.82, oxytocin/ergometrine OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65–0.91), and prostaglandins administered for induction of labour. The associations were maintained when subgroups, such as primiparous women, women whose labours were neither induced nor augmented, and women not receiving epidural analgesia were considered.
Conclusion  Prospective studies on drugs in labour are needed to investigate potential causative associations between intrapartum medications and breastfeeding. Such studies will delineate the optimum balance between breastfeeding and maternal health, most importantly the risk of PPH.     

囊胚解冻过夜培养后移植对妊娠结局的影响

【目的】 比较行囊胚移植的复苏周期中,解冻后经2 ~ 3 h培养或过夜培养后移植对妊娠结局的影响?【方法】 回顾性分析本中心2010年9月至2012年10月进行复苏周期囊胚移植的523个周期资料,按照解冻后至移植前时间不同分为2组:解冻2 ~ 3 h后当天移植(0TET,n = 247)?提前1 d解冻过夜培养后移植(1TET,n = 276),对其妊娠结局进行比较?【结果】1TET组与0TET组相比移植了较少的胚胎个数(1.6 vs. 1.8,P < 0.001),获得较高的妊娠率(57.6% vs. 56.3%)?种植率(46.3% vs. 44.1%)和较低的流产率(9.4% vs. 12.2%)?多胎率(28.3%vs. 36.7%)?但除移植胚胎个数外,其他各妊娠结局指标的差异无统计学意义?人工周期(HRT)作内膜准备获得较高的妊娠率(62.8% vs. 53.0%,P = 0.027)?单囊胚移植周期分析发现,第5天发育为囊胚的胚胎比第6天的囊胚具有较高的种植率 (57.6% vs. 36.1%, P = 0.004)【结论】 提前1 d解冻囊胚过夜培养后再移植不会影响主要妊娠结局?影响妊娠率的因素有内膜准备方法和发育为囊胚的天数?降低多胎率可考虑D5单囊胚移植?     

吉林省2012-2014年流感病原学监测分析

目的 分析吉林省2012-2014年流感的病原学及流行特征,为制定流感防控措施提供科学依据。 方法 2012-2014年采集吉林省哨点医院流感样病例的鼻咽拭子等标本,采用Real-time PCR方法对标本进行流感病毒核酸检测。对标本的流感病毒检出阳性率、流感毒株分型等进行分析。 结果 吉林省2012-2014年共采集流感样病例样本21 532份,其中检出流感病毒核酸阳性标本2 420份,检出率11.24%。近几年流行毒株类型有所变化。2012、2014年主要的流行毒株是H3N2型(分别为64.78%、86.40%),2013年主要的流行毒株是H1N1型(60.27%),并且在2013年新出现H7N9型(0.22%),吉林省流感发病人群的流感病毒检测阳性率与年份、地区、年龄有关,与性别无关。2013年流感病毒检测阳性率较低(10.13%),2014年流感病毒检测阳性率最高(12.13%)。辽源地区的流感病毒检测阳性率最低(2.95%),白山地区的流感病毒检测阳性率最高(16.24%)。0～岁组的流感检测阳性率最低(9.29%),5～岁组的流感检测阳性率较高(14.04%)。 结论 吉林省2012-2014年不同监测年度、不同地区、不同年龄的流感病毒检测阳性率不同,不同年度流行毒株类型有所变化。应长期监测流感的流行趋势,及时发现变异株,为制定流感预防措施提供依据。     

Role of N-acetylcysteine in protecting against 2,5-hexanedione neurotoxicity in a rat model: Changes in urinary pyrroles levels and motor activity performance

The interference of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) neurotoxicity was evaluated through behavioral assays and the analysis of urinary 2,5-HD, dimethylpyrrole norleucine (DMPN), and cysteine-pyrrole conjugate (DMPN NAC), by ESI-LC–MS/MS, in rats exposed to 2,5-HD and co-exposed to 2,5-HD and NAC.Wistar rats were treated with 4 doses of: 400 mg 2,5-HD/kg bw (group I), 400 mg 2,5-HD/kg bw + 200 mg NAC/kg bw (group II), 200 mg NAC/kg bw (group III) and with saline (group IV). The results show a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in urinary DMPN and free 2,5-HD, a significant increase (p < 0.01) in DMPN NAC excretion, and a significant recovery (p < 0.01) on motor activity in rats co-exposed to 2,5-HD + NAC, as compared with rats exposed to 2,5-HD alone. Taken together, our findings suggest that at the studied conditions NAC protects against 2,5-HD neurotoxicity and DMPN may be proposed as a new sensitive and specific biomarker of 2,5-HD neurotoxicity in animals treated with a toxic amount of 2,5-hexanedione.     

Association between physical activity and cognition in Mexican and Korean older adults

IntroductionAs the world's population ages, the prevalence of cognitive impairment associated with age increases. This increase is particularly pronounced in Asia and South-America. The objective of this study was to investigate separately the longitudinal association of physical activity and cognitive function in; older adults in Mexico and South Korea.Materials and MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of two surveys, The Mexican Health and aging Study (MHAS) (n = 5853) and Korean Longitudinal Study of aging (KLoSA) (n = 5188), designed to study the aging process of older adults living in Mexico and South Korea. Participants older than 50 years were selected from rural and urban areas achieving a representative sample. Physical activity was assessed using self-report. Cognition was assessed using Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE) and Minimental state examination (MMSE) in Mexico and South Korea respectively. Here we investigate the longitudinal association between physical activity and cognition during 3 years for MHAS and 4 years for KLoSA using multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of physical activity was 40.68 % in MHAS and 35.57 % in KLoSA. In the adjusted longitudinal multivariate analysis, an independent association was found between physical activity and MMSE score OR 0.0866 (CI 0.0266-0.1467 p-value 0.0047) in the Korean older adults, while there was no significant association in MHAS.ConclusionsPhysical activity could have a protective effect on the cognitive decline associated with aging in the Korean population.     

Bullying,Depression, and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents in the Fujian Province of China: A Cross-sectional Study

The relationship of bullying with suicidal ideation among adolescents is controversial. Although depression has been related to bullying and suicidal ideation, little is known about the combined impacts of depression and bullying on suicidal ideation.A sample of 20,509 high school students from Fujian Province were selected randomly by multistage stratified sampling. All participants completed an adolescent health status questionnaire. Three categories of bullying were assessed: perpetration, victimization, and both (victimization and perpetration). The associations of these 3 categories of bullying with depression and their interaction with suicidal ideation were examined in logistic models.After adjustment for potential confounders, all 3 categories of bullying (perpetration, victimization, and both) were related to increased risk of suicidal ideation with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–2.30), 2.74 (95% CI 2.29–3.29), and 2.83 (95% CI 2.27–3.52), respectively. There was an interaction between depression and bullying (P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed a stronger association between perpetration and suicidal ideation in students with depression (odds ratio [OR] 2.97; 95% CI 1.44–6.09) than in those without depression (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.19–2.28). The association between victimization and suicidal ideation was weaker in students with depression (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.07–2.07) than in those without (OR 2.69; 95% CI 2.24–3.23). The association of both victimization and perpetration with suicidal ideation was weaker in students with depression (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.43–3.47) than those without (OR 2.78; 95% CI 2.23–3.47).We observed an independent association of bullying with increased risk of suicidal ideation among adolescent students, and this association was affected by depression. Prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.