Quantifying the incidence of clinically significant respiratory depression in women with and without obesity class III receiving neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundObesity is a suspected risk factor for respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia, however monitoring guidelines for obese obstetric patients are based on small, limited studies. We tested the hypothesis that clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine occurs more commonly in women with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m² compared with BMI <40 kg/m².MethodsWe conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review (2006–2017) of obstetric patients with clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine, defined as: (1) opioid antagonist administration; (2) rapid response team activation (initiated in April 2010); or (3) tracheal intubation due to a respiratory event. The incidence of respiratory depression was compared between women with BMI ≥40 kg/m² and BMI <40 kg/m².ResultsIn total, 11 327 women received neuraxial morphine (n=1945 BMI ≥40 kg/m²; n=9382 BMI <40 kg/m²). Women with BMI ≥40 kg/m² had higher rates of sleep apnea, hypertensive disorders, and magnesium administration. Sixteen cases of clinically significant respiratory depression occurred within seven days postpartum. The incidence did not significantly differ between groups (odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 6.9, P=0.174). Neuraxial morphine was not deemed causative in any case, however women with BMI ≥40 kg/m² had higher rates of tracheal intubation unrelated to neuraxial morphine (2/1945 vs. 0/9382, P=0.029).ConclusionsRespiratory depression in this population is rare. A larger sample (∼75 000) is required to determine whether the incidence is higher with BMI ≥40 kg/m². Tracheal intubation was higher among the BMI ≥40 kg/m² cohort, likely due to more comorbidities.     

Pretreatment Primary Tumor Stage is a Risk Factor for Recurrence in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Who Achieve Pathological Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

Annals of Surgical Oncology - Although pathological complete response (pCR) after multimodal treatment for esophageal cancer is associated to the best prognosis, recurrence may occur in...     

ASO Author Reflections: Recurrence After Pathological Complete Response in Esophageal Cancer: Analysis of Risk Factors for this Unexpected Event

Annals of Surgical Oncology -     

Predicting Survival in Thai Patients After Low Impact Hip Fracture Using Flexible Parametric Modelling: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Predictive post-hip fracture mortality models have been presented for specific time points (in-hospital, 30-days or 1-year) and most provide marginal predictions based on the patient's risk group. However, the predictive model for individual survival probability following hip fracture is not available. This study aimed to develop a flexible parametric model for predicting individual survival probability for hip fracture patients. In this retrospective study, the medical charts of 765 Thai patients admitted to hospital with a hip fracture resulting from low-impact injury from January 2014 to December 2018 were reviewed. Predictors for all-cause mortality were identified using flexible parametric survival analysis and were used to develop the predictive model. The model was calibrated using a calibration graph and discrimination performance was evaluated using the C-statistic. Internal validity was assessed using bootstrapping. The overall mortality rate of the hip fracture patients was 14%. Predictors significantly associated with survival after hip fracture were age, active malignancy, dementia or Alzheimer's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin concentration, eGFR<30 mL/min/1.73m² and operative treatments. The model-predicted survival was similar to that actually observed in the very low survival group in the first year after hip fracture. In bootstrapping, the apparent C-statistic and the test C-statistic of the reduced model were 0.79 (95% CI 0.77–0.81) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.78–0.80), respectively. The flexible survival model provides good predictive power for individual survival probability at any given time point within the first year after hip fracture and would be an easy to use tool in clinical practice.     

The association between metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging males: evidence based on propensity score matching

BackgroundTo investigate the association between lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in aging Chinese males.MethodsA dataset that included 3,568 non-MetS cases and 1,020 MetS cases (after data cleansing) was downloaded from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). To balance the intergroup covariates, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed in the analyses. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were then performed to investigate the relationship between LUTS/BPH and MetS in aging Chinese males.ResultsBefore PSM, multivariate logistic regression showed that participants with MetS had a 1.47 times higher risk of LUTS/BPH compared to non-MetS cases in the final model (P<0.001). It also revealed that participants with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), abdominal adiposity, or high triglycerides had a higher probability of LUTS/BPH [odds ratio (OR) =1.56 for low HDL; OR =1.50 for abdominal adiposity; and OR =1.48 for high triglyceride, P<0.001], while participants with hyperglycemia or hypertension had identical odds of LUTS/BPH (P>0.05). After PSM, 1,000 pairs were successfully matched. It was also found that MetS cases had a 1.60 times higher risk of LUTS/BPH compared to non-MetS cases (P<0.001), and participants with low HDL, abdominal adiposity, high triglycerides, or hyperglycemia had a higher likelihood of LUTS/BPH than their counterparts (P<0.001). However, the probability of LUTS/BPH in hypertensive patients remained similar to that in non-hypertensive patients (P>0.05).ConclusionsAging Chinese males with MetS had a higher probability of LUTS/BPH. Also, patients with low HDL, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, or hyperglycemia had an increased risk of LUTS/BPH; however, this was not the case for hypertensive patients.     

新型冠状病毒Delta变异株引起的广州市荔湾区本土疫情流行特征分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）B.1.617.2（Delta）变异株引起的广州市荔湾区本土疫情流行特征,为Delta变异株疫情防控工作提供参考依据。方法 资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统和广州市荔湾区CDC,收集2021年5月21日至6月18日广州市荔湾区新冠病毒感染者（确诊病例和无症状感染者）相关信息。采用频数（构成比）、直方图、百分比堆积面积图等对本次Delta变异株疫情的流行病学特征进行描述,并应用潜伏期、动态再生系数（R_t）估计进行分析。结果 截至6月18日广州市荔湾区累计报告新冠病毒感染者127例,年龄范围2~85岁,<18、18~59和≥60岁年龄组分别占18.9%（24/127）、43.3%（55/127）和37.8%（48/127）。男女性别比为1：1.35（54：73）;职业以离退休人员32.3%（41/127）、家务及待业18.1%（23/127）和学生16.5%（21/127）为主;主要集中在荔湾区的白鹤洞街道（70.1%,89/127）与中南街道（23.6%,30/127）;Delta变异株的中位潜伏期6（范围：1~15）d;临床分型以普通型（64.6%,82/127）为主;基本再生系数（R₀）=5.1,R_t先上升后下降,最高达7.3;传播方式以密闭空间为主,具有明显的家庭聚集性,主要传播场所为家庭（26.8%,34/127）、餐馆（29.1%,37/127）、小区（3.9%,5/127）和市场（3.1%,4/127）。密切接触者筛查（66.1%）和社区排查（33.1%）是发现感染者的主要途径。结论 本次疫情新冠病毒Delta变异株的传染性较强,广州市荔湾区本土疫情具有明显的家庭聚集性,新冠病毒感染者以18~59和≥60岁年龄组为主。     

禽流感病毒研究进展及抗H7N9型病毒疫苗与抗体研究

禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）是一种可引起急性呼吸道传染病的人畜共患病毒。自2013年我国出现了全球首例人感染H7N9型AIV病例以来,人们对该病毒产生了担忧与恐慌。AIV在全球广泛传播,人感染不同型别AIV事件也持续发生,造成了巨大的经济损失。目前尚无针对该病的特异性治疗措施与药物,疫苗成为最有可能预防控制病毒传播的手段。现有针对H7N9型AIV的兽用与人用疫苗种类繁多,其中,4类人用H7N9型AIV疫苗已经率先进入了临床试验阶段,主要包括了病毒样颗粒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗及DNA疫苗,并显示出了良好的安全性和免疫原性。因为暂无上市的人用AIV疫苗,所以其真实效力不得而知。此外,现有的流感疫苗在人群中虽然具有良好的安全性和免疫原性,但对H7N9型AIV并无交叉抗体反应。本文回顾AIV的病原学、流行病学、职业暴露人群调查与防控策略、H7N9型AIV疫苗及H7N9型AIV全人源单克隆抗体研究进展,讨论尚存的问题和挑战以及未来的发展方向,为加深对疾病的了解以及控制AIV在全球的蔓延提供防控策略与方针。