两相静止坐标系下消除不对称和谐波影响的同步信号提取方法

三相并网变流器可以在同步旋转坐标系下，也可以在两相静止坐标系下进行控制。无论在哪一种坐标系下进行控制，都需要能够快速准确地提取出电网同步信号。为了满足两相静止坐标系下变流器的控制需求，文中将正弦幅值积分器应用于两相静止坐标系下的同步信号提取。通过对在不对称和含有谐波情况下的输入电压进行矢量描述，提出采用多通道正弦幅值积分器的同步信号检测方法，可以消除负序分量和谐波分量的影响，而且无需进行正负序分离就可以直接得到正序分量和负序分量的幅值和相位信息。文中建立了多通道正弦幅值积分器同步信号提取方法的数学模型，揭示了同步信号提取的机理并讨论了反馈参数的选取原则。通过构造频率自适应算法，克服了电源频率变化对同步信号提取的影响。理论分析和实验结果都表明所提出的同步信号提取方法可以在电源频率变化、不对称以及含有谐波的情况下快速准确出提取出正负序分量的幅值和相位信号。     

用谐波小波包变换法提取GIS局部放电信号多尺度特征参数

超高频(UHF)法在GIS局部放电(PD)检测中已得到了广泛应用，UHF PD信号的特征提取对准确识别GIS内部绝缘缺陷类型和指导检修工作具有重要意义，但目前仍然缺乏有效的特征提取方法。为此，本文利用谐波小波具有严格盒形频谱的优点，提出一种提取UHF PD特征信息的谐波小波包变换(HWPT)方法，对实验室获取的4种典型放电模型产生的UHF PD信号，采用HWPT进行多尺度分解，以克服实小波包分解子带间存在频谱混叠和能量泄漏的缺陷，利用UHF PD信号在不同尺度能量和复杂度的差异，提取多尺度能量和多尺度样本熵参数作为模式识别的特征量，更加精确地描述了UHF PD信号的时频域信息。最后利用支持向量机分类识别的结果表明，该方法可以取得比实小波包更好的识别效果，多尺度能量和多尺度样本熵特征参数均能有效识别4种绝缘缺陷。     

Quercetin attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission

Vascular calcification is a strong independent predictor of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has a high prevalence among patients with chronic kidney disease. The present study investigated the effects of quercetin on vascular calcification caused by oxidative stress and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics both in vitro and in vivo. Calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with inorganic phosphate (Pi) exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by decreased mitochondrial potential and ATP production. Disruption of mitochondrial structural integrity was also observed in a rat model of adenine-induced aortic calcification. Increased production of reactive oxygen species, enhanced expression and phosphorylation of Drp1, and excessive mitochondrial fragmentation were also observed in Pi-treated VSMCs. These effects were accompanied by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic events, including release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol and subsequent activation of caspase-3. Quercetin was shown to block Pi-induced apoptosis and calcification of VSMCs by inhibiting oxidative stress and decreasing mitochondrial fission by inhibiting the expression and phosphorylation of Drp1. Quercetin also significantly ameliorated adenine-induced aortic calcification in rats. In summary, our findings suggest that quercetin attenuates calcification by reducing apoptosis of VSMCs by blocking oxidative stress and inhibiting mitochondrial fission.     

On the Cellular Uptake and Membrane Effect of the Multifunctional Peptide,TatLK15

Recently, the multifunctional peptide TatLK15 resulting from the fusion of the cell penetrating peptide Tat and the amphipathic peptide LK15 was shown to be efficient at mediating siRNA and shRNA delivery in leukemia cells to silence the bcr-abl oncoprotein. The present study focused on TatLK15 peptide cellular uptake and defining conditions for its use within a range of doses exhibiting minimal toxicity. The initial part of the study carried out in solution confirmed that the insertion of a glycine bridge allowed retention of the LK15 α-helicity, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy did not reveal preferential conformations at the studied concentrations. In the second part, TatLK15 uptake mechanisms appeared peptide dose- and cell line- dependent as well as requiring membrane potential. Below a critical dose, TatLK15 toxicity appeared limited for approximately three hours as demonstrated by the combined use of lactate dehydrogenase release, MTT assays, and time-dependent observation of membrane-impermeant dye uptake using high content screening apparatus. Furthermore, toxicity was observed to occur rapidly at higher peptide doses. Finally, a comparison between TatLK15 and another Tat amphipathic peptide construct suggested that α-helix content should be viewed as a key element in the development of similar peptides. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:293–304, 2014     

The utility of inflammatory and endothelial factors in the prognosis of severe dengue

BackgroundSevere dengue is associated with a considerable risk of mortality, and there is currently a lack of appropriate prognostic biomarkers to predict its severity. Pathogenesis of severe dengue is characterized by overt inflammation, endothelial activation, and increased vascular permeability. The current study investigates the utility of endothelial, inflammatory, and vascular permeability factors as biomarkers to identify dengue severity, which could improve disease prognosis and management.MethodsThe dengue-positive subjects were classified based on seropositivity for NS1, IgM, and IgG. The samples in each group were quantified for basic clinical investigations. The levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), EOTAXIN, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Thrombomodulin, and Angiopoietin-2 were estimated in all serum samples using the multiplex bead-based assay.ResultsIgG seropositive dengue patients showed abnormal laboratory characteristics and severe dengue symptoms. Among the studied markers, only IL-6, TNFR1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Thrombomodulin, and Angiopoietin-2 were significantly elevated in IgG seropositive patients compared to healthy controls. Increased IL-6 and TNFR1 levels were associated with decreased platelet count and elevated Hematocrit levels in IgG seropositive patients. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis indicated that IL-6, TNFR1, Thrombomodulin, and Angiopoietin-2 showed good potential for predicting dengue severity.ConclusionInflammatory markers IL-6 and TNFR1, and endothelial factors Angiopoietin-2 and Thrombomodulin, could serve as prognostic markers for severe dengue. These findings also encourage the future study of these biomarkers in the pathogenesis of severe dengue infection.     

IDS 基因同义突变致黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型一家系报告

目的探讨黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型(MPSⅡ)的临床表现及基因变异。方法分析1例MPSⅡ先证者及其家系成员的临床资料、基因检测及艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶活性检测结果。结果先证者,男,15岁,体格发育障碍、听力下降。影像学示脑室系统扩大,椎骨、肋骨等骨发育不良。尿黏多糖阳性。IDS的8号外显子同义突变(c.1122CT)。先证者及其母亲的艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶活性分别为0、6.96 nmol/(4h·mg)。诊断为MPSⅡ。家系中有6例患者及1例疑似者,全为男性,除先证者外,还有1例存活,其余4例夭折。1例疑似者于孕7月余时产前诊断脑积水终止妊娠。检测到5例女性携带者。结论先证者经艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶活性检测和基因检测确诊为MPSⅡ,发现多名女性致病基因携带者及男性患者。     

Extrapolation for a pharmacokinetic model for acetaminophen from adults to neonates: A Latin Hypercube Sampling analysis

Physiological and drug-specific parameters need to be adjusted when extrapolating a pharmacokinetic (PK) model from adults to neonates, so as to reproduce the time profiles of the studied drug(s) consistent with clinical, in vivo data or in vitro cell line measurements. In this paper we present a parameter analysis method, i.e. the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method for an acetaminophen (APAP) PK model. The original model consists of two compartments (the blood and the urine) with Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters determined for APAP and its metabolites. The physiological parameters are scaled through allometric laws from adults to neonates, and APAP-specific parameters are adjusted for enzymatic maturational changes. The LHS method is used to statistically investigate the interplay between these parameters. The results for the extrapolated APAP model are consistent with published APAP PK data in neonates. We found the sulphation clearance parameter played a crucial role in the neonatal PK model, but its influence was weakened if the volume of distribution parameters were included. We suggest that this kind of in silico experiment could be valuable as the first step in PK model extrapolation between different ages.