Trends in Prevalence of Serious Psychological Distress and Depression Among Adults with Stroke in the United States

ObjectivesTo examine national trends in prevalence of serious psychological distress and depression among adults with stroke in the United States (US) from 2004 to 2017, and variations across sociodemographic subgroups.MethodsData were obtained from the household components of the 2004-2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative survey in the US. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack was based on self-report. Psychological distress was measured by the Kessler-6 scale, and depressive symptoms were measured by the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to examine the trends in prevalence of serious psychological distress and depression overall and by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.ResultsAmong 10889 participants with stroke or transient ischemic attack, 60.0% were aged ≥ 65, 54.4% were female, and 72.2% were non-Hispanic white. The prevalence of serious psychological distress decreased from 14.9% in 2004-2005 to 11.3% in 2016-2017, corresponding to 7% lower odds every 2 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89-0.97); and the prevalence of depression decreased from 23.1% in 2004-2005 to 18.3% in 2016-2017, corresponding to 5% lower odds every 2 years (aOR=0.95, 95% CI=0.92-0.98), after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, functional limitations, and antidepressant use. The trends varied significantly by age, but not sex and race/ethnicity. The overall decline was mainly driven by older adults above age 64.ConclusionsPrevalence of serious psychological distress and depression among US adults with stroke decreased from 2004 to 2017, but the burden of mental health problems remained high.     

Muscle Oxygenation of the Paretic and Nonparetic Legs During and After Arterial Occlusion in Chronic Stroke

Oxygen delivery and demand are reduced in the paretic leg post-stroke, reflecting decreased vascular function and reduced muscle quantity and quality. However, it is unknown how muscle oxygenation, the balance between muscle oxygen delivery and utilization, is altered in chronic stroke during and after occlusion-induced ischemia.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine muscle oxygen consumption rate, microvascular responsiveness and reactive hyperemia in the paretic and nonparetic legs during and after arterial occlusion post-stroke.Materials and MethodsMuscle oxygen saturation was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy on the vastus lateralis of each leg during 3-minute arterial occlusion and recovery (3 min). Muscle oxygen consumption was derived from the desaturation slope during ischemia, microvascular responsiveness was derived from the resaturation slope after ischemia and reactive hyperemia was derived from the area under the curve above baseline after ischemia. Results: Eleven subjects (91% male; 32.2±6.1 months post-stroke; age 62.9±13.6 years) with a hemiparetic gait pattern participated. There was no significant between-leg muscle oxygenation difference at rest (paretic: 64.9±16.6%; nonparetic: 70.6±15.6%, p = 0.13). Muscle oxygen consumption in the paretic leg (-0.53±0.24%/s) was significantly reduced compared to the nonparetic leg (-0.70±0.36%/s; p = 0.03). Microvascular responsiveness was significantly reduced in the paretic leg compared to the nonparetic leg (paretic: 4.6±1.8%/s; nonparetic: 5.7±1.6%/s, p = 0.04). Reactive hyperemia was not significantly different between legs (paretic:4384±2341%·s; nonparetic: 3040±2216%·s, p = 0.07).ConclusionMuscle oxygen consumption and microvascular responsiveness are impaired in the paretic compared to the nonparetic leg, suggesting both reduced skeletal muscle aerobic function and reduced ability to maximally perfuse muscle tissue.     

硬质支气管镜和软式支气管镜在儿童支气管异物中的应用比较

目的：比较硬质支气管镜和软式支气管镜在儿童支气管异物取出中的应用效果和安全性。方法 ：选取2019年9月至2021年9月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院收治的240例支气管异物的儿童作为研究对象,按照术中采用的支气管镜类型分为硬质支气管镜组（140例）和软式支气管镜组（100例）,比较一次性异物取出成功率、手术时间、术中氧饱和度、麻醉方式、麻醉时间、住院时间及不良反应。结果：软式支气管镜治疗儿童支气管异物的麻醉时间较硬质支气管镜短,术中氧饱和度更高,但手术时间更长,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组患儿一次性异物取出成功率、麻醉方式、住院时间、总体不良反应无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：硬质支气管镜和软式支气管镜均能有效治疗儿童支气管异物,两者各有优缺点,其有效性和安全性有待进一步探究,且应根据医院的具体情况选择手术方式。     

Percutaneous image-guided cryoablation with temporary balloon occlusion of the renal artery for the treatment of central renal tumors

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to report the technical feasibility and outcomes of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation with temporary balloon occlusion of the renal artery for the treatment of central renal tumors.Materials and methodsAll consecutive patients with central renal tumors treated with cryoablation and temporary renal artery occlusion from January 2017 to October 2021 were retrospectively included. Patient demographics, tumor's characteristics, procedural data, technical success, primary and secondary clinical efficacy, complications (according to Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe [CIRSE] classification) and follow-up were investigated.ResultsA total of 14 patients (8 men, 6 women; mean age 72.4 years ± 21.4 [SD] years; age range: 42–93 years) with 14 central renal tumors (median size, 32 mm; IQR: 23.5, 39.5 mm; range: 13–50 mm) were treated with percutaneous image-guided cryoablation and temporary balloon occlusion of the renal artery. Technical success was 13/14 (93%), with 1/14 (7%) failure of vascular access. A median of 4 cryoprobes (IQR: 3, 4.75) were inserted and protective hydrodissection was performed in 11/14 (79%) patients. Median time to perform cryoprobes insertion, hydrodissection and vascular access was 26.5 min (IQR: 18, 35 min), 10 min (IQR: 10, 17 min) and 30 min (IQR: 20, 45 min) respectively. Median duration of the whole intervention was 150 min (IQR: 129, 180 min; range: 100–270 min). Median hospital stay was 2.5 days (IQR: 2, 4 days; range: 2–14 days). Major complications occurred in 3/14 (21%) patients. Primary efficacy rate was 93% (13/14 patients). Median oncological follow-up was 25 months (IQR: 11, 33 months; range: 6–39 months). One patient experienced renal tumor recurrence at 14-months of follow-up, which was successfully treated with repeat cryoablation.ConclusionPercutaneous image-guided cryoablation of renal tumors with temporary balloon occlusion of the renal artery is technically feasible, with a high technical success rate and paths the way for percutaneous treatment of central renal tumors.     

A allele of SNP12 in <Emphasis Type="Italic">estrogen receptor 1</Emphasis> was a risk factor for cryptorchidism in Asians: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Objective

Some studies have been carried out to evaluate the association between SNP12 in estrogen receptor 1 and cryptorchidism, but the results remain inconsistent. We carried out a meta-analysis to explore the association between this polymorphism and cryptorchidism risk.

Methods

All eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library. Pooled odds ratios, with 95 % confidence intervals, were assessed for the association using fixed- and random-effects models.

Results

Overall, four case–control studies (363 cases, 415 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias (P _Begg = 0.308, P _Egger = 0.288) was found. A allele of SNP12 in estrogen receptor 1 was protective factor to cryptorchidism in allele model, dominant genetic model and heterozygote comparison in Caucasians, but the result was turned out to be false positive by trial sequential analysis. However, A in allele model was risk factor to cryptorchidism in Asians (odds ratio 2.02, 95 % confidence interval 1.03–3.01, p = 0.946 for heterogeneity) and the result was turned out to be true positive by trial sequential analysis, even though there were merely two original studies.

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that A allele of SNP12 in estrogen receptor 1 may increase the risk of cryptorchidism in Asians. Meanwhile, further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are required to confirm the present findings, especially in Caucasians.

     

高强度聚焦超声消融不同T2WI信号子宫肌瘤疗效差异的组织病理学研究

目的从组织病理角度探讨导致高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融T2WI低、等、高信号子宫肌瘤疗效差异的原因。方法收集手术摘除的子宫肌瘤标本44个,对患者术前行MR T2WI检查,根据T2WI信号强度将肌瘤分为低信号、等信号、高信号三类。术后收集标本行HE、苦味酸-天狼猩红染色,并进行组织平滑肌细胞计数、胶原纤维含量定量分析。结果 44个肌瘤标本中,T2WI低信号肌瘤7个,等信号肌瘤9个,高信号肌瘤28个,其组织平滑肌细胞计数分别为195.66±28.92、223.17±36.88、261.03±59.88,胶原纤维含量分别为(64.29±8.40)%、(55.22±10.38)%、(50.11±11.50)%,低信号肌瘤组织平滑肌细胞计数、胶原纤维含量与高信号肌瘤的差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01),但等信号肌瘤组织平滑肌细胞计数、胶原纤维含量与高、低信号肌瘤间的差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 T2WI低、等、高信号子宫肌瘤组织平滑肌细胞数、胶原纤维含量的差异,可能是导致HIFU消融疗效差异的重要原因。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜与开腹子宫肌瘤切除术比较的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析综合比较机器人辅助腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术(RALM)与开腹子宫肌瘤切除术(AM)的有效性和安全性。方法检索Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library Databases、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数字化期刊全文数据库和google学术,检索时限均从建库到2015年6月。由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的质量后,采用Review Manager 5.3和Stata 11.2进行统计分析并检验发表偏倚。对二分类变量计算其95%可信区间比值比(OR),连续性变量计算其95%可信区间加权均数差(WMD)。结果共纳入10项研究,1 368例研究对象接受了RALM或AM。相比AM,RALM的术中出血量(WMD=-79.51,95%CI-101.98~-57.04,P0.000 01)、输血量(OR=0.26,95%CI 0.14~0.51,P0.000 1)、并发症发生率(OR=0.56,95%CI 0.33~0.95,P=0.03)和住院时间(WMD=-1.80,95%CI-2.16~-1.43),P0.001)显著降低,最大肌瘤直径(WMD=-0.66,95%CI-2.43~1.10,P=0.46)差异无统计学意义,手术时间(WMD=79.60,95%CI 61.81~97.39,P0.000 01)延长。结论对于治疗子宫肌瘤的患者而言,RALM比AM更安全可靠。