基于MALDI-TOF MS预提取样本制备法废弃成分识别病原菌的方法建立及识别能力评价

目的为提高基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）鉴定病原菌的能力，尤其是对微量病原菌的鉴定能力，建立一种基于预提取样本制备法的废弃成分进行病原菌识别鉴定的新方法。方法选择63株病原菌（23株细菌、40株真菌），培养后采用常规乙醇/甲酸法提取病原菌蛋白后，利用废弃沉淀物涂抹样本靶，与基质结合后进行MALDI-TOF MS数据采集及分析，并与常规分析成分进行病原菌识别能力比较。结果常规乙醇/甲酸法将50株菌（79.37%）识别到种水平，将10株菌（15.87%）识别到属水平，3株菌（4.76%）未被识别；沉淀涂抹法将49株菌（77.78%）识别到种水平，将14株菌（22.22%）识别到属水平。 在同样采集条件下，沉淀涂抹法的数据采集能力略强于常规法；在同样信噪比下，2种方法所获得的质谱峰数目没有统计学差异。结论新的基于MALDI-TOF MS进行病原菌鉴定的样本采用方法，一次实验即可获得2种样本，达到了样本资源的最大限度利用，可提高MALDI-TOF MS鉴定病原菌尤其是单菌落病原菌的能力，为病原菌质谱高通量快速识别鉴定能力的增强开辟了新的途径。     

2004-2007年中国法定报告性传播疾病流行病学特征分析

目的　了解法定报告性传播疾病（STDs）的流行病学特点，为制定针对性防治措施提供依据。方法　采用2004-2007年全国疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的数据进行趋势及描述性分析。结果　2004-2007年间，淋病报告发病率呈下降趋势，梅毒、艾滋病（AIDS）发病率和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率呈上升趋势；3种性病报告发病率从15岁开始上升，25～29岁达发病高峰，之后淋病、AIDS逐渐下降；除5～14岁，梅毒报告发病率明显高于淋病和AIDS/HIV。从2006开始，梅毒男女性别比＜1，女性患者多于男性，而同期淋病、AIDS/HIV感染者男女性别比仍＞1，患者以男性为主。 结论　淋病、梅毒、AIDS/HIV均为性传播疾病，但流行病学特点并不完全相同，深入分析它们各自的特点，有助于描述疾病流行规律。从2004年开始梅毒发病率明显上升，目前需加强梅毒防控措施，降低梅毒发病率，并有助于控制AIDS/HIV的流行。     

汉坦病毒系统发生分析及其基因分型的研究

目的寻找适于汉坦病毒进行系统发生分析的系统发生树构建方法及其基因片段。选用GenBank中部分有代表性的汉坦病毒株，用M、S、M＋S全序列。以及G1、G2的2003—2302、2741—2950核苷酸片段分别以邻位相连法（NJ）和最大简约法（MP）构建系统发生树。用M＋S、M、G1、以及G2的2003—2302片段以NJ法构建的系统发生树将所选25株病毒分为5个分支，分别对应于HTN、SEO、DOB、PUU血清型及引起HPS的Sin Nomhre血清族。但用G2区的2741—2950片段构建的系统发生树将DOB型与HTN型分为一支。以MP法用M、M＋S及G1片段构建的发生树，结果与NJ法相同。但用S与G2的2003—2302、2741—2950片段构建的系统发生树则不能将所有的病毒株分在相应的血清型。因此，汉坦病毒的基因分型及系统发生分析时，NJ法优于MP法；用M片段的G1核苷酸序列可以替代M-9S片段全序列进行基因分型及系统发生分析。     

恶性疟原虫对氯喹抗性及其逆转剂的研究进展

恶性疟原虫对氯喹抗性的出现和广泛传播迫使人类调整治疗疟疾的用药策略并寻找更加有效的新型抗疟药。然而,在一些贫困的疟疾流行区,氯喹仍被用于治疗恶性疟。了解氯喹抗性机制、探索逆转其抗性的方法,将使氯喹这一价廉高效的抗疟药继续发挥作用。抗性逆转剂的研究和发展为上述目标提供了线索,当与氯喹合用时它能够部分恢复氯喹对氯喹抗性株的作用。为此,本文对恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性机制及其逆转剂的研究进展作一综述。     

生态位模型及其在寄生虫病传播风险研究中的应用

生态位模型是利用物种分布数据和相关环境变量,根据一定的算法建模分析物种生态需求,以预测不同时空下物种的实际分布和潜在分布。生态位建模方法越来越多地应用于传染病传播风险的预测研究,然而对其准确合理地运用需建立在理解生态位建模基本原理和特点的基础上。本文基于寄生虫病传播风险研究的角度,从生态位概念出发介绍了生态位模型的理论基础、数据获取与变量选择、模型算法、模型性能的评价手段及其在寄生虫病传播风险研究中的应用。     

Effects of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid on adhesion of human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901

AIM: To investigate the effect of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) on the adhesion of human gastric carcinoma cell line (SGC-7901).METHODS: SGC-7901 cells were at first treated with different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200 μmol/L) of c9,t111-CLA and 1 mL/L ethanol (as a negative control) for 24 h.Using adhesion assay and Western blot, we investigated the ability of SGC-7901 cells to adhere to intracellular matrix and examined the expression of E-cadherin (ECD), α-catenin,intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in these cells.RESULTS: The attachment rate to laminin of SGC-7901 cells treated with different concentrations of c9,t11-CLA (0,25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol/L) was 100.0±3.3, 95.7±4.0,89.2±4.6, 87.9±6.1, and 65.9±5.8, respectively. The attachment rate to fibronectin was 100.0±4.7, 96.8±3.8,94.5±4.1, 76.5±4.3, and 61.8±4.8, respectively. The attachment rate to Matrigel was 99.9±6.6, 91.4±6.8,85.5±7.4, 79.3±5.6, and 69.6±5.1, respectively. Besides,c9,t11-CLA could increase the level of ECD and α-catenin,and decrease the level of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in SGC-7901 cells.CONCLUSION: c9, t11-CLA can reduce the adhesion of human gastric carcinoma cells to laminin, fibronectin and Matrigel. c9,t11-CLA can increase the level of ECD and α-catenin, and decrease the level of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human gastric carcinoma cells.     

TIMP-1 mRNA表达在病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌胶原重构中的作用及其与TGF-β1的关系

目的探讨TIMP-1mRNA表达在病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌胶原重构中的作用及其与转化生长因子(TGF-β1)的关系。方法4周龄雄性BALB/c鼠腹腔接种0.1ml100TCID50CVB3m,周龄、性别相同小鼠为对照,分别于接种后3、7、9、14、21、28、56d断脊处死小鼠,心肌标本经常规制片,VG染色观察心肌组织胶原的改变,原位杂交观察TIMP-1mRNA和TGF-β1mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学观察TGF-β1的表达。结果感染后28d小鼠心肌组织血管周围胶原明显沉积,感染后56d心肌组织血管周围及心肌细胞间隙胶原沉积均明显增加;感染后7d可见TIMP-1mRNA表达,14～21d最为明显,此后减弱,直到56d。感染后3d可见TGF-β1mRNA及TGF-β1表达,7～21d最为明显,此后减弱,持续至感染后56d;TIMP-1mRNA和TGF-β1表达等级间存在正相关关系(P<0.001)。结论TGF-β1表达增加及其上调TIMP-1mRNA的表达可能在病毒性心肌炎心肌胶原重构中起重要作用。     

高碘地区儿童甲状腺结节的调查分析

目的了解高碘地区学龄儿童甲状腺结节的检出率,为高碘甲状腺肿的防治工作提供科学依据。方法对山东省巨野县6~13岁儿童226名和山西省平遥县6~15岁256名儿童进行甲状腺B超检查和尿碘检测。结果本次调查共发现患有甲状腺结节的儿童为6例,检出率1.2%,尿碘中位数为437.7μg/L。尿碘<100μg/L组学龄儿童的甲状腺结节检出率较高,为6.3%;100~199μg/L组学龄儿童甲状腺结节检出率为2.6%;200~299μg/L组的检出率最低,为0.0%;≥300μg/L组的检出率为1.3%,不同尿碘水平甲状腺结节检出率无统计学意义,χ2=3.387,P>0.05。不同年龄甲状腺结节检出率无差异,χ2=0.194,P>0.05。儿童的性别之间甲状腺结节检出率无差异,χ2=0.604,P>0.05。不同年龄组尿碘中位数无明显差异(H=0.281,P>0.05)。不同性别儿童尿碘中位数无明显差异(Z=-0.467,P>0.05)。检出有结节组与无结节组学龄儿童的尿碘中位数分别为324.2μg/L和440.9μg/L,两者之间无统计学意义(Z=-1.688,P>0.05)。结论高碘地区存在儿童甲状腺结节,儿童甲状腺结节的成因有待进一步研究。     

Factors associated with establishment-based female sex workers accessing health care services in Shanghai

Female sex workers are a priority population for HIV prevention and health promotion in China. This paper examines the patterns of and factors associated with the utilisation of HIV-related and general health services by establishment-based sex workers in Hongkou District, Shanghai. Participants were recruited through a three-stage sampling strategy and invited to self-complete a brief survey in 2012. The median age of the 400 participants included in the analyses was 33 years (range = 18–52 years old), with over three-quarters being married at the time of the survey. Participants were mostly internal migrants, more than half had lived in Shanghai for six months or longer and nearly two-thirds were working in an establishment with a total of less than five female sex workers. Routine physical examination and HIV testing were the most commonly accessed health services in the previous 12 months. Altogether, 347 women (86.8%) had actively sought, including 157 women had obtained, free health services mainly from local Community Health Service Centres (CHSCs) in the previous 12 months. The active seeking of free, largely CHSC-provided health services was associated with a longer duration of residence in Shanghai (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.32–4.93; p < 0.01) and having tested for HIV in the previous 12 months (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.84–7.38; p < 0.001). Conversely, a higher annual income (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21–0.80; p < 0.01), working in a larger establishment (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20–0.79; p < 0.01) and knowing that HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusion with unscreened blood (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05–0.91; p < 0.05) were associated with not actively seeking such services. Free, community-based health services are highly demanded by establishment-based female sex workers in Shanghai. Scaling-up of free and integrated health services provided by community-based health service providers in metropolitan areas in China and beyond holds promise for promoting health and well-being of female sex workers.