葡萄籽提取物的质量标准

概述了国际市场上葡萄籽提取物的几种质量标准,综合分析了中国葡萄籽提取物各生产厂家的质量标准情况。鉴于国内还没有葡萄籽提取物质量的国家标准或行业标准,笔者根据多年的葡萄籽提取物研究、生产、出口情况,结合相关文献,提出了建立2种规格质量标准的观点:多酚含量大于95%、单体含量大于10%作为高品质葡萄籽提取物的质量标准;原花青素值大于95、单体含量大于6%作为一般品质葡萄籽提取物的质量标准。     

下咽环周缺损重建方法的选择

目的 比较下咽环周缺损的两种主要重建方法,即游离空肠移植术(简称游离空肠)和胃上提咽胃吻合术(简称咽胃吻合)的优缺点。方法 回顾性分析1979年7月-2002年7月行喉全切除下咽全切除的晚期下咽癌或喉癌复发患者共125例的资料,其中采用咽胃吻合术式92例,游离空肠术式33例。结果 咽胃吻合组出现并发症40例(43％),手术死亡10例(11％),游离空肠组并发症7例(21％),没有手术死亡病例,两组差异有显著性(P值分别为0.023和0.048)。多因素分析发现与重建有关的并发症发生的危险因素分别是:咽胃吻合术式(风险比2.97;95％可信区间1.14;7.76)和术前血浆白蛋白水平<40.0g/L(风险比2.87;95％可信区间1.33;6.16)。咽胃吻合组发生进食反流或梗阻的比例(76％)明显高于游离空肠组(12％),差异有显著性(P=0.00)。前者术后体重平均下降3.3 kg(95％可信区间-5.7;-1.0),后者术后体重平均增加了2.8kg(95％可信区间0.9;4.7)。结论 选择游离空肠术的患者手术死亡率、外科并发症均明显低于咽胃吻合术的患者,游离空肠组生活质量明显好于咽胃吻合组的患者。建议下咽环周缺损重建首选游离空肠移植术。     

尼美舒利对食管鳞癌细胞的增生抑制和诱导凋亡作用

目的研究特异性环氧化酶-2抑制剂尼美舒利对食管鳞癌细胞的增生抑制和诱导凋亡作用。方法EC109细胞与不同浓度的尼美舒利共同孵育。1)用MTT方法研究细胞增生抑制作用;2)用荧光标记的流式细胞检测技术研究尼美舒利的诱导凋亡作用;3)检测细胞培养上清液中前列腺素E2质量浓度,观察尼美舒利对环氧化酶功能的影响。结果尼美舒利抑制食管鳞癌细胞增生,呈浓度及时间依赖性;尼美舒利可诱导食管鳞癌细胞凋亡,可抑制前列腺素E2的合成。结论尼美舒利抑制食管鳞癌细胞增生诱导凋亡作用,可能是通过抑制前列腺素E2的合成而实现的。环氧化酶-2抑制剂有可能在食管鳞癌的预防及治疗上发挥重要作用。     

儿童血友病429例临床回顾分析

目的探讨血友病患儿确诊时间、症状及其关节畸形等情况。 方法天津血液学研究所血液病医院于1986年7月至2004年8月，对就诊的429例血友病患儿临床症状出现时间、诊断时间及关节畸形出现的时间进行分析。 结果429例血友病患儿，均为男性，血友病A共390例，占909%，其中亚临床型5例(13%),轻型43例(110%)，中型181例(464%)，重型161例(413%)；血友病B共39例，占91%，其中亚临床型2例(51%),轻型6例(154%)，中型26例(667%)，重型5例(128%)。患儿初次出现出血症状的中位年龄为16岁(0~12岁)；但初次诊断年龄03~120岁，中位年龄为52岁(03~120岁)，两者之间差异具有显著性意义(P<001)。 结论目前血友病患儿的诊断存在延迟，替代治疗疗程和因子剂量的不足是关节畸形高发生率的原因。     

Outcomes of using Firebird rapamycin eluting stents in routine coronary intervention practice: one-year results from the pilot study of Firebird in China registry

Recent clinical trials with rapamycin-eluting stents have shown very low restenosis rates.1-4 However, the higher penetration of drug eluting stent (DES) in China is being limited by the high costs of these imported devices, especially when considering multiple stenting.     

广藿香生药、化学及药理学的研究进展

广藿香P og ostem on cablin别名刺蕊草、藿香,以干燥地上部分入药,是著名“南药”之一,为临床上常用的芳香化湿药,具有芳香化湿、和中止呕、发表解暑的功能。近年来对广藿香进行了包括品种鉴定、化学成分、药理作用和组织培养等方面的广泛研究,阐明了广藿香的性状和显微特征,分析了影响其化学成分和量的各种因素,并对广藿香调节胃肠道功能和抗菌的药理作用进行了重点归纳。这些研究均为进一步探讨广藿香的品质评价标准、揭示其化学成分与药理作用的相关性提供了理论基础。     

动脉调转术治疗合并肺动脉高压的室间隔缺损型心室大动脉连接异常患儿的手术适应证探讨

目的总结动脉调转术(ASO)治疗年龄6~84个月、合并中~重度肺动脉高压(PH)的室间隔缺损(VSD)型心室大动脉连接异常复杂先天性心脏病患儿的手术疗效,探讨适当的手术适应证。方法2000年1月至2004年12月,对23例年龄6~84个月、中~重度PH合并VSD的大动脉转位(TGA)和右室双出口(肺动脉瓣下室间隔缺损,Taussig-B ing畸形)患儿行ASO,其中男15例,女8例,年龄7~84(22±21)个月,肺动脉压力24~80(44±14)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),肺血管阻力(PRA)49.2~1261.9 dyn.s.cm-5。合并主要畸形:左室流出道狭窄3例,肺动脉瓣下隔膜1例,主动脉瓣下隔膜1例。手术在全麻、低温(18℃~22℃)、低流量(50 m l.kg-1.m in-1)体外循环下完成ASO,合并畸形同期矫治。对合并中~重度肺动脉高压的患儿,围手术期给予α受体阻滞剂或持续吸入低流量一氧化氮(NO)等治疗,改善肺血管压力;连续监测并控制肺动脉压、左房压、右房压。结果23例患儿病死率13%,3例死亡患儿死亡原因均与术前肺血管压力和阻力增高无明显关系。余患儿虽然术后呼吸机辅助时间及重症监护时间明显延长,但术后肺动脉压力均明显下降(23 mm Hg±9 mm Hg,t=13.28,P=0.000),痊愈出院。结论对年龄6~84个月,合并VSD并发中~重度PH的VSD型TGA和Taussig-B ing畸形患儿,如一般状况良好,紫绀不严重(经皮血氧饱和度>60%),X线胸片示两肺血较多,心导管检查显示肺血管阻力仍在可接受的范围(PRA<1000dyn.s.cm-5),采用ASO仍可取得满意的效果,扩大了ASO的手术适应证。     

The clinical value of serum CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

AIM: Serum tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and CA242 were investigated to evaluate the values of single and combined test in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Pre-operative serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA242 were measured in 105 pancreatic cancers, 70 non-pancreatic malignancies and 30 benign pancreatic diseases. RESULTS: The sensitivity of CA19-9 alone was the highest in pancreatic cancer patients (80%), but the specificity was significantly lower than that of CEA and CA242 (P<0.01). The combination of CEA and CA242 could increase the specificity to 92%. In serum CA242 positive patients, the survival time was remarkably shorter than that of patients with negative result (P<0.01). The survival time in patients with more than two markers positive expression of CEA, CA19-9 and CA242 was obviously shorter than that of only one or no marker positive expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic rate of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer is better than that of CEA and CA242. Combined detection of CEA and CA242 can improve the diagnostic specificity obviously. High levels of serum markers are associated with advanced stage of the disease. Patients with two or three markers positive expression of CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 simultaneously had a shorter survival time.     

Utility of SPECT Lung Perfusion Scans in Assessing the Early Changes in Pulmonary Function after Radiotherapy for Patients with Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced lung injury commonly follows radiotherapy (RT) fortumors within and near the thorax. Lung function is usually measured by pulmonary function tests (PFTs). But RT-induced regional changes of pulmonary function cannot be accurately evaluated by PFTs. Lung perfusion scintigraphy compared with other radiographic methods can assess well regional pulmonary physiological function, and a 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning system can quantitatively calculate irradiation dosage. The purpose of this study is to assess, by lung perfusion scintigraphy, early changes in the pulmonary function of patients with lung cancer when receiving thoracic 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).METHODS Nineteen patients receiving thoracic 3D-CRT for lung cancer were studied. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)lung perfusion scan, X-ray or CT scan before RT and after 40～50Gy radiation were performed. Pre-RT SPECT lung perfusion images were classified by comparing lung perfusion defects with radiological abnormalities before RT. Grade 0: There was no lung perfusion defect in the area of radiological abnormality. Grade 1: The size of the radiological abnormality was similar to the area of the lung perfusion defect. Grade 2: The area of the lung perfusion defect was bigger than the size of the radiological abnormality and extended to one lobe of the lung. Grade 3: The area of lung perfusion defect exceeded one lobe of the lung. The radiation field with more than 20 Gy was drawn as a region of interest (ROI). The proportion of radioactive dose within this ROI relative to total lung dose in one slice was calculated.RESULTS All patients had lung perfusion defects, nine patients with grade 1,five patients with grade 2 and five patients with grade 3 damage,respectively. All tumors in the 19 patients were reduced in CT or X-ray images to various degrees after 40～50 Gy radiation. The mean proportion of ROI in 19 patients was 53.7±29.8% before radiation as compared to 57.6±22.6% during RT. The difference between these two groups was not significant (P=0.280). The decreased relative lung perfusion post-RT was found in six patients, whereas the increased relative lung perfusion post-RT was observed in 13 patients.CONCLUSION SPECT lung perfusion scaning is a simple, convenient and useful method for assessing regional lung function pre-RT and for monitoring the changes in regional lung function after irradiation.