A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

Saltwater fish but not freshwater fish consumption is positively related to handgrip strength: The TCLSIH Cohort Study

Fish contain many important nutrients and are primarily known for high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) content. Studies have shown that supplementation of fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA improves muscle mass and strength. Here, we hypothesized that fish consumption might improve muscle strength. To test this hypothesis, we performed this cross-sectional study (n = 29,084) in Tianjin, China. The frequency of fish consumption was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength (HGS) was used as the indicator of muscle strength, and was measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relationship between fish consumption and HGS. In men, after adjusted potential confounding factors, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across saltwater fish consumption categories were 41.5 (41.1, 43.7) kg for <1 time/week, 44.6 (43.2, 45.8) kg for 1 time/week, and 44.7 (43.3, 46.1) kg for ≥2 to 3 times/week (P for trend <0.001). In men, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across the ascending quartiles of dietary n-3 PUFA intake were 43.6 (43.2, 44.4) kg, 43.7 (43.2, 44.6) kg, 44.4 (43.0, 45.8) kg, and 44.6 (43.1, 46.0) kg (P for trend <0.01). The results showed that saltwater fish consumption was positively related to HGS in men, but not in women, suggesting that saltwater fish contain nutrients that may be used to improve HGS.     

Expression and function of c-kit receptor in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

目的　了解骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)骨髓单个核细胞c kit受体的表达与功能。方法　采用免疫荧光方法测定c kit受体蛋白 (CD117)的表达 ;逆转录 聚合酶链反应方法测定c kitmRNA的表达 ;细胞培养检测c kit受体的功能。结果　CD117表达率正常人为 3 0 4 %± 1 4 9% ,MDS患者为 8 58%± 5 2 8% ,两者差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5) ;RA患者为 5 12 %± 2 13% ) ,RAEB RAEB t患者为 10 0 1%± 5 0 7% ,两者差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5) ;MDS继发白血病患者为 32 4 3%± 18 16 %。MDS患者c kit基因mRNA表达与CD117表达相一致。正常骨髓单个核细胞体外半固体培养 ,在加入造血干细胞因子、白细胞介素 3、红细胞生成素 (SCF IL 3 Epo)后形成的粒 巨噬细胞集落 (CFU GM)较仅加入IL 3 Epo显著增多 (P <0 0 5) ,红系爆式集落 (BFU E)数量极显著增多 ,且BFU E体积显著增大(P <0 0 1)。MDS患者在上述相同条件下CFU GM数量无明显变化 (P >0 0 5) ,与正常对照比较 ,CFU GM和BFU E数量均显著减少 (P <0 0 5)。结论　MDS患者骨髓单个核细胞CD117表达明显高于正常对照 ,且与病情进展相关 ;c kitmRNA表达与CD117表达相一致 ;MDS患者骨髓单个核细胞体外培养时 ,SCF协同IL 3、Epo促进造血干 祖细胞增殖分化能力较正常对照明     

肺癌组织3号染色体短臂上抑癌基因异常改变的初步分析

目的 探讨3号染色体短臂上的抑制基因Fhit,hMLH1及VHL在肺癌发展中的可能作用。方法 选取上述基因内含子或附近的微卫星多态位点对45例肺癌组织进行杂合性缺失（LOH）分析,并对其中17例进行了Fhit蛋白的免疫组化染色。结果 Fhit基因内含子3个位点D3S1234、D3S1300及D3S4103的杂合率分别为77．8％（35／45）、73．3％（33／45）和82．2％（37／45）,LOH阳性率分别为62．9％（22／35）、63．6％（21／33）和59．5％（22／37）。与hMLH1基因连锁的两个位点D3S1561、D3S1612杂合率分别为48．9％（22／45）、42．2％（19／45）,LOH阳性率分别为54．5％（12／22）和63．2％（12／19）。与VHL基因连锁的两个位点D3S1038、D3S1283的杂合率分别为62．2％（28／45）和80．0％（36／45）,LOH阳性率分别为64．3％（18／28）和41．7％（15／36）。17例肺癌组织有64．7％（11／17）Fhit蛋白表达缺失。在Fhit蛋白缺失的11个病例中,有10例存在一个或多个Fhit基因位点的LOH。结论 上述3个抑癌基因存在的高频率LOH可为肺癌的早期诊断提供新的途径和依据。Fhit基因的杂合性缺失可能是Fhit蛋白表达下调的机理之一。     

角蛋白18与剪切因子PSF相互作用介导PSF的膜易位并维持髓系白血病细胞的化疗敏感性

目的 鉴定多嘧啶结合蛋白相关的剪切因子(polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor, PSF)在髓系白血病细胞内的伴侣蛋白,探讨PSF在敏感HL60细胞和耐药的HL60/DOX细胞中易位细胞膜的模式和机制.方法: 通过脂质体瞬时转染PSF真核表达载体过表达PSF,进一步结合流式细胞术在转染后24 h,48 h,72 h检测PSF在细胞膜上的表达水平.构建链亲和素结合肽(streptavidin binding peptide,SBP)和PSF的融合表达载体,转染载体,过表达SBP-PSF融合蛋白.通过链亲和素磁珠共沉淀法和质谱分析,鉴定PSF在细胞内的伴侣蛋白.在慢病毒载体中插入角蛋白18 (cytokeratin 18,K18)干扰序列,转染293T细胞制备病毒液.用慢病毒感染HL60和HL60/DOX细胞,获得稳定干扰K18的细胞株.结合流式细胞术检测干扰K18的HL60和HL60/DOX细胞中细胞膜上PSF的表达水平,由此证实CK18在HL60和HL60/DOX细胞中协同转运PSF易位细胞膜机制的异同.结果: 瞬时过表达PSF后的24 h,48 h,72 h连续3 d检测细胞膜PSF表达水平,HL60敏感株细胞膜上PSF表达率分别为22.4%±3.5%, 37.9%±6.0%, 58.3%±8.8%;耐药株HL60/DOX细胞膜上PSF的表达率分别为4.7%±0.5%, 3.9%±0.6%, 2.9%±0.6%;各时间点下敏感株和耐药株的差异有统计学意义,P<0.01.免疫共沉淀和质谱证实K18为PSF在细胞内的伴侣蛋白.干扰K18的表达后,再次分析细胞膜PSF表达,发现PSF在敏感株细胞膜上的表达水平由原来的48.9%±5.4% 降至6.2%±1.0%;在耐药株细胞膜上的表达水平由9.11%±1.2%降至2.21%±0.51%.结论: K18是PSF在细胞内的伴侣蛋白,在敏感细胞中,K18与PSF相互作用可帮助PSF向细胞膜转运;而在耐药株中,由于该功能障碍导致PSF在胞内发生积累从而介导耐药性.