耐多药/泛耐药气管支气管结核的临床特征及接受含贝达喹啉方案治疗后影响早期疗效的危险因素

目的分析耐多药/泛耐药气管支气管结核患者的临床特征,及在接受含抗结核新药贝达喹啉方案治疗后分析影响早期疗效的危险因素。 方法对2018年3月至2020年12月成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心治疗的耐多药/泛耐药气管支气管结核成年患者进行回顾性队列研究,收集队列中的人口学特征、既往史、个人史、合并症、胸部影像学特征、耐药情况、治疗、镜下特征及预后等临床资料,根据二线抗结核治疗8周末痰培养结核分枝杆菌是否转阴分组,采用Mann-Whitney U检验、连续校正卡方检验或Fisher精确检验比较组间差异,二元Logistic回归方程分析影响早期疗效的危险因素。 结果共纳入58例耐多药/泛耐药气管支气管结核成人患者,治疗8周末痰菌转阴52例(89.7%)、24周末56例(96.6%),48周末56例;治疗8周末痰菌阳性组镜下可见肉芽增殖型比率和病灶累及双侧支气管比例高于痰菌转阴组(50% vs. 7.7%,33.3% vs. 3.8%,P<0.05),其中肉芽增殖型TBTB〔OR＝0.079,95%CI(0.010,0.441)〕和镜下双侧支气管受累〔OR＝0.066,95%CI(0.005,0.851)〕是影响早期疗效的危险因素(P＝0.018,P＝0.037)。 结论耐多药/泛耐药气管支气管结核患者多见于青中年女性,病灶常累及双肺多叶,气管镜下特征以炎症浸润型、双肺上叶支气管受累最多见,肉芽增殖型及镜下病灶累及双侧支气管更容易影响MDR/XDR-TBTB患者的早期疗效,现有抗结核方案及严格随访管理能使早中期痰菌转阴率保持高水平,含贝达喹啉方案有提高早期痰培养阴转率的可能性。     

Cryptococcosis in patients with liver cirrhosis: Death risk factors and predictive value of prognostic models

BackgroundLiver cirrhosis is associated with immune deficiency, which causes these patients to be susceptible to various infections, including cryptococcus infection. Mortality in cirrhotic patients with cryptococcosis has increased. The present study was to explore the risk factors of mortality and the predictive ability of different prognostic models.MethodsForty-seven cirrhotic patients with cryptococcosis at a tertiary care hospital were included in this retrospective study. Data on demographics, clinical parameters, laboratory exams, diagnostic methods, medication during hospitalization, severity scores and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare characteristics of survivors and non-survivors at a 90-day follow-up and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) manifestations of cryptococcal meningitis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze patient survival. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the different prognostic factors.ResultsThe 30- and 90-day survival rates were 93.6% and 80.9%, respectively, in cirrhotic patients with cryptococcosis. Cryptogenic liver diseases [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.567, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.616-35.428, P = 0.010], activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (HR = 1.117, 95% CI: 1.016-1.229, P = 0.022) and Child-Pugh score (HR = 2.146, 95% CI: 1.314-3.504, P = 0.002) were risk factors for 90-day mortality in cirrhotic patients with cryptococcosis. Platelet count (HR = 0.965, 95% CI: 0.940-0.991, P = 0.008) was a protective factor. APTT (HR = 1.120, 95% CI: 1.044-1.202, P = 0.002) and Child-Pugh score (HR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.086-2.469, P = 0.019) were risk factors for 90-day mortality in cirrhotic patients with cryptococcal meningitis. There was significant difference in the percentage of lymphocytes in CSF between survivors and non-survivors [60.0 (35.0-75.0) vs. 95.0 (83.8-97.2), P < 0.001]. The model of end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) score was more accurate for predicting 30-day mortality both in patients with cryptococcosis [area under curve (AUC): 0.826, 95% CI: 0.618-1.000] and those with cryptococcal meningitis (AUC: 0.742, 95% CI: 0.560-0.924); Child-Pugh score was more useful for predicting 90-day mortality in patients with cryptococcosis (AUC: 0.823, 95% CI: 0.646-1.000) and those with cryptococcal meningitis (AUC: 0.815, 95% CI: 0.670-0.960).ConclusionsThese results showed that cryptogenic liver diseases, APTT and Child-Pugh score were associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis. MELD-Na score was important for predicting 30-day mortality, and Child-Pugh score was critical for predicting 90-day mortality.     

共同性斜视患者立体视觉相关皮层的BOLD-fMRI表现

目的观察共同性斜视患者立体视觉相关皮层的全脑BOLD-fMRI的表现。方法选取共同性斜视患者12例(共同性斜视组)和立体视觉正常者10名(正常组),接受BLOD-fMRI。采用SPM5软件包对数据进行预处理及分析。结果在立体图形刺激下,共同性斜视组可见右侧舌回和左侧枕中回激活,正常组可见双侧枕中回、双侧中央后回、右侧顶下小叶、左侧颞中回激活。共同性斜视组激活强度低于正常组(P<0.05),主要位于左侧枕中回、右侧枕下回、双侧缘上回、双侧颞下回、双侧额下回、左侧岛叶。结论在立体图形刺激下,共同性斜视患者脑区激活范围小于正常者,其立体视觉异常的中枢神经机制可能与顶叶、颞叶功能下降有关。     

2014年成都市性病门诊男性就诊者艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的 了解2014年成都市性病门诊男性就诊者艾滋病的流行特征以及艾滋病与丙型病毒性肝炎(丙肝)、梅毒的感染情况,为制订相关的防控措施提供科学依据。 方法 对400例性病门诊男性就诊者进行问卷调查,同时采集静脉血进行艾滋病、梅毒和丙肝的血清学检测。 结果 400例男性就诊者中,艾滋病病毒、梅毒、丙肝抗体检出率分别为5.50%、16.00%、0.25%,其中艾滋病知识总知晓率为86.00%,而近1年内接受艾滋病相关干预服务仅11.18%。近3个月23.36%的调查对象与暗娼发生过性行为,35.08%的人与临时性伴发生过性行为,5.00%的人承认与同性发生过肛交性行为。 结论 性病门诊是艾滋病/性病患者的集中场所,性病门诊就诊者又存在着知识和高危行为的分离现象,因此需加强对性病门诊就诊者的监测及针对性的行为干预,减少艾滋病/性病的传播。     

妊娠期糖尿病结局及对新生儿影响的临床分析

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）对新生儿结局的影响。方法该院2012年3月—2014年6月期间收集妊娠期糖尿病90例作为研究对象,并随机抽取同期住院的非妊娠期糖尿病90例作为对照组,比较两组孕产妇所分娩新生儿的结局。结果 GDM组分娩的新生儿剖宫产娩出率、巨大儿、早产儿、新生儿低血糖、新生儿窒息、RDS、新生儿高胆红素血症的发生率明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。提示妊娠糖尿病对于新生儿有较大危害。结论应注意孕早期血糖筛查及控制妊娠期糖尿病非常重要,以力争减少新生儿不良结局的发生。     

葆宫止血颗粒联合地屈孕酮治疗功能失调性子宫出血的疗效观察

目的观察葆宫止血颗粒联合地屈孕酮治疗功能性子宫出血的临床疗效。方法选取2017年7月—2018年12月电子科技大学医学院附属医院·成都市妇女儿童中心医院收治的功能失调性子宫出血患者106例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组患者月经来潮第5天开始对照组口服地屈孕酮片,10 mg/次,2次/d,自血止日算起,连服22 d,停药后待月经来潮第5天开始进行下一周期治疗。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服葆宫止血颗粒,1袋/次,2次/d。两组均连续治疗3个月经周期。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组止血时间、子宫内膜厚度的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是73.58%、90.57%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者止血时间明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者子宫内膜厚度均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组子宫内膜厚度小于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论葆宫止血颗粒联合地屈孕酮治疗功能性子宫出血具有较好的临床疗效,可缩短患者的止血时间,改善子宫内膜厚度,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

艾滋病合并卡波西肉瘤多脏器组织侵犯的影像学分析

目的分析艾滋病合并卡波西肉瘤多脏器组织侵犯的临床及影像学表现,提高对艾滋病合并卡波西肉瘤的认识,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。方法收集国内多家传染病专科医院确诊的艾滋病合并卡波西肉瘤的相关资料,根据纳入标准及排除标准,对48例患者的临床表现、影像学及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果48例艾滋病合并卡波西肉瘤患者,CD4^+T细胞计数低于100个/UL者37例(77.1%)。48例患者中肺部受侵38例,影像表现为结节影者30例(30/38,78.9%),CT横断位肺窗、纵隔窗及冠状位伪彩重建示两肺大小不等以血管分布为主的结节,表现为两肺广泛与肺血管相连的结节影,或呈火焰状/星星状、挂果征等改变;肝脏卡波西肉瘤7例,影像表现为结节、肝内胆管扩张;艾滋病合并卡波西肉瘤中食管、胃和肠管受侵3例,镜下见散在紫红色结节样隆起;合并甲状腺受侵者1例,表现为低密度结节;合并肋骨及上颌骨受侵者各1例,均表现为溶骨性骨质破坏并周围软组织结节。48例患者中侵犯两个以上脏器或组织者44例。结论艾滋病合并卡波西肉瘤侵犯多脏器组织的影像表现主要是多形性与血管相连的结节病灶。艾滋病相关卡波西肉瘤同时合并有肺、肝脏、消化道、甲状腺、肋骨及上颌骨等卡波西肉瘤浸润,其影像学表现亦是与血管密切相关的不规则结节病灶为主。     

超高效液相色谱法测定血浆华法林浓度及临床应用

目的建立超高效液相色谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)测定血浆华法林浓度,探讨心脏换瓣术后患者华法林血药浓度与国际标准化比率(international normalized ratio,INR)测值的关系,以寻求更安全可靠的监测指标,指导临床抗凝治疗的合理用药。 方法利用6-甲氧基萘乙酸作为内标,建立一种超高效液相色谱法,测定血浆中的华法林浓度。同时对79例样本的INR、华法林剂量和血浆华法林浓度进行相关性分析。 结果华法林和内标的保留时间分别是2.2和1.1 min,血浆中华法林的平均提取回收率为96.0%,华法林浓度在15.6~4000 ng/ml具有良好的线性(R²=0.9996),方法回收率为98.5%~99.9%,最低检测限为5.0 ng/ml。日内和日间精密度分别低于1.34%和2.69%。79例患者INR和华法林剂量相关性为r²=0.006(P=0.481),INR和血浆华法林浓度为r²=0.006(P=0.497),华法林剂量和血浆浓度相关性为r²=0.298(P=0.001)。 结论该方法是一种简便、快速、准确、灵敏的定量测定人体血浆中华法林浓度的UPLC方法,华法林血药浓度测定对于心脏瓣膜置换手术后患者的抗凝治疗具有指导意义。     

A vertebrate-specific qPCR assay as an endogenous internal control for robust species identification

The identification of vertebrate species is important in numerous fields including archaeology, ecology, as well as food and forensic sciences. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays specific for one vertebrate species are promising approaches for species identification, although there are several drawbacks such as difficulty determining whether the detected DNA is authentic or a contaminant. Here, we describe a qPCR assay specific for vertebrate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which can overcome these drawbacks. Since we found that mitochondrial 16S rRNA contains regions that are perfectly (not highly) conserved across virtually all vertebrates, but are variable in invertebrates, we were able to design a vertebrate-specific qPCR assay by placing primers/probe within these regions. The specificity and accuracy of this assay were validated with representative vertebrate and invertebrate samples. This assay detected DNA from all vertebrate samples, but not from any invertebrate samples. In addition, this assay was able to quantify vertebrate mtDNAs as accurately as previously reported species-specific qPCR assays. The results demonstrated it is feasible to quantify vertebrate mtDNA specifically and accurately in a sample. This means that it is possible to determine the ratio of specific vertebrate species mtDNA to total vertebrate mtDNA in a sample. In conjunction with this assay as an endogenous internal control, species-specific qPCR assays will allow for the robust identification of vertebrate species.     

妇宁胶囊联合地屈孕酮治疗月经不调的临床研究

目的探讨妇宁胶囊联合地屈孕酮片治疗月经不调疗的临床疗效。方法选择2017年4月-2018年4月在成都市双流区第一人民医院治疗的月经不调患者142例,根据用药的差别分为对照组(71例)和治疗组(71例)。对照组口服地屈孕酮片,10mg/次,2次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服妇宁胶囊,1.4g/次,2次/d。两组均于月经第5天开始用药,用药21 d停药,此为1个周期,均经过2个月经周期治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者PBAC、HPS、Ch QOL和中医症候评分,以及血清雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)和孕酮(P)水平。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为83.10%,显著低于治疗组的97.18%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经治疗,两组患者PBAC评分和中医症候评分均显著降低(P<0.05),但Ch QOL评分、HPS评分显著升高(P<0.05),且以治疗组患者这些评分改善更明显(P<0.05)。经治疗,两组患者血清E2、P水平均每组升高(P<0.05),而LH、FSH水平均明显下降(P<0.05),且以治疗组患者改善更明显(P<0.05)。结论妇宁胶囊联合地屈孕酮片治疗月经不调疗可有效改善患者临床症状,改善机体性激素水平,减少月经失血量,提高患者生活质量。