Clinicopathologic Significance of HNF-1β, AIRD1A,and PIK3CA Expression in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Tissue Microarray Study of 130 Cases

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is a distinct histologic subtype with relatively poor survival. No prognostic or predictive molecular marker is currently available. Recent studies have shown that AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations are common genetic changes in ovarian CCC. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) expression has been proven to be highly sensitive and specific for clear cell histology. However, the correlations between these biomarkers and clinicopathologic variables and survival outcomes are controversial.The immunohistochemical analysis for HNF-1β, ARID1A, and PIK3CA was performed on a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of 130 cases of ovarian CCC (237 tissue blocks) linked with clinical information. The immunostaining results were interpreted in a manner consistent with previous publications. The associations between biomarker expression and clinical and prognostic features were examined. All statistical analyses were conducted using 2-sided tests, and a value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.HNF-1β was expressed in 92.8% of all primary ovarian tumors, while the loss of ARID1A and PIK3CA was noted in 56.2% and 45.0%, respectively. Early-stage tumors tended to have high levels of HNF-1β immunoreactivity and expression of ARID1A (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03). Most patients (76.9%, 20/26) with concurrent endometriosis stained negative for ARID1A (P = 0.02). No relation was found between PIK3CA expression and clinical features. Low-level HNF-1β expression and loss of ARID1A were more commonly observed in patients with tumor recurrence (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001). Antibody expression was not associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response. Patients with negative ARID1A expression had worse survival outcome in terms of both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). On the contrary, patients with high-level HNF-1β were associated with good prognosis (P = 0.02 for OS and P = 0.01 for PFS). PIK3CA expression had no impact on survival. For univariate and multivariate analyses, only HNF-1β expression seemed to be a prognostic factor for favorable OS (P = 0.04).The loss of ARID1A was correlated with late-stage and endometriosis-associated tumors. The measurement of ARID1A expression might be a method to predict the risk of recurrence. Among the 3 biomarkers, only high-level HNF-1β expression proved to be a positive predictor for OS.     

30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床分析

目的探讨女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法。 方法收集北京华信医院2015年1月1日～2016年2月1日收治的30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。 结果女性急性盆腔炎疾病的临床症状复杂多样,检验和检查结果的假阴性率高,导致存在一定的误诊和漏诊。超声检查诊断准确率为53%,误诊率为47%。30例患者均痊愈出院,其中14例患者单纯经联合应用抗菌药物加中药治疗,16例患者经药物治疗效果不佳,补充手术治疗,痊愈率为100%。 结论盆腔炎诊断应综合分析和判断,采取中西医结合治疗方法,标本兼治,治疗效果好。     

腹腔镜全子宫切除术中结扎束血管闭合系统的应用研究

目的评估结扎束血管闭合系统(LF1537 Blunt Tip)在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中应用的临床疗效,探讨其临床价值。 方法选取解放军总医院2014年1月至2016年1月期间收治并行腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者,根据术中是否使用结扎束血管闭合系统分为观察组(使用结扎束血管闭合系统)和对照组(常规手术),记录并比较两组的一般资料和手术相关指标。 结果两组的年龄、体质量指数、腹部手术史符合正态分布且差异无统计学意义(P＝0.625、0.287、0.664);两组的疾病构成差异无统计学意义(P＝0.808)。观察组的手术时间[(46.6 ± 19.1)min vs (65.8 ± 29.2)min]和术中出血量[(51.0 ± 21.9)ml vs (118.4 ± 50.7)ml]均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.001);两组的输血(2例 vs 6例)、住院时间[(6.3 ± 2.2)d vs (6.7 ± 2.8) d]、中转开腹(0例 vs 2例)、并发症发生(4例 vs 7例)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＝0.204、0.391、0.182、0.472)。 结论本研究中将结扎束血管闭合系统(LF1537 Blunt Tip)应用于腹腔镜全子宫切除术,能够更加安全有效的对血管和组织进行闭合和切割,缩短了手术时间,减少了出血量,使手术更加可靠、快捷,具有重要临床应用价值。     

荧光定量16S rRNA基因检测诊断妇产科菌血症的应用价值

 目的 评价荧光定量16S rRNA基因检测诊断妇产科患者菌血症的应用价值。方法 2013-01至2014-12对100例疑为全身感染处于菌血症状态的住院分娩孕产妇进行常规血液培养,同时行细菌16S rRNA基因检测,包括DNA提取、设计引物和探针、PCR扩增及对扩增产物荧光定量检测,以临床诊断及血液培养阳性菌血症作为对照,计算诊断阳性率、敏感性和特异性,数据采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析。结果 荧光定量PCR方法检测发现菌血症阳性的患者44例,阳性率为44％,明显高于血液培养的15%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);以临床诊断及血液培养阳性菌血症作为对照,荧光PCR的诊断敏感性为87.9%,特异性为90.6%。结论 荧光定量16S rRNA基因检测的阳性率远高于血液培养,可为孕产妇患者感染提供早期、敏感的病原学诊断依据。     

改善双胎妊娠母婴结局及减少并发症的方法

 目的 寻求改善双胎妊娠母婴结局及减少双胎妊娠并发症的方法。方法 回顾性分析258例双胎妊娠孕产妇及其围生儿的临床资料,比较早产儿并发症、不同分娩方式及双胎特有并发症对母婴结局的影响。结果 (1)分娩孕周不同,新生儿并发症(主要有极低出生体重儿、呼吸窘迫综合征、高胆红素血症、缺血缺氧性脑病、新生儿窒息)发生率不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。(2)双胎妊娠剖宫产率93.57%,社会因素居于剖宫产原因的首位(22.75%);两种分娩方式产后出血发生率比较无统计学差异,自然分娩组新生儿窒息率(46.67%)明显高于剖宫产分娩组(10.20%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。结论 早产是造成双胎新生儿发病的主要原因,积极防治早产对提高新生儿的生存质量及远期预后具有重要意义。鼓励双胎孕妇阴道分娩,降低社会因素的剖宫产率。双胎妊娠特有并发症会增高胎儿不良结局的发生率。     

模拟失重雌雄大鼠骨密度、骨代谢指标与骨折风险的相关性

 目的 分析模拟失重雌、雄性大鼠模型骨密度及骨代谢生化指标和生物力学之间的相关性,与骨折风险建立联系,探讨航天医疗基础工作。方法 3个月龄雌、雄性SD大鼠各20只,按照性别及是否失重分为4组。采用尾部悬吊模拟失重方法,实验4周后处死SD大鼠,双能X线吸收法(dual-energy X-ray absorption, DEXA)测定L₄椎体、股骨髁部骨密度,骨组织切片染色,ELISA法检测骨代谢生化标志物:骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,BALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP),生物力学测试骨强度。结果 悬吊组大鼠较对照组大鼠BMD均显著下降,雌性悬吊组较雄性组下降明显;组织切片悬吊组较对照组骨组织及骨细胞间隙明显增宽,细胞肿胀;BALP、TRAP雄性悬吊组分别较对照组升高3.09和1.72倍,雌性悬吊组分别较对照组升高3.43和2.14倍;悬吊组椎体的最大压缩载荷(N)、最大压缩压力(MPa)、股骨最大抗弯曲载荷(N)悬吊组较对照组显著下降。骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、BALP、TRAP与椎体最大力学强度Fmax相关性系数r值,雄性组分别为0.985、-0.949、-0.970,雌性组分别为0.908、-0.858、-0.921。结论 失重4周后大鼠出现明显的骨质疏松、骨小梁结构破坏、力学强度显著下降。雌性大鼠骨质疏松较雄性组明显加重。最大力学强度Fmax与骨密度成正相关,与BALP、TRAP成负相关,未来精准、便捷的骨代谢指标可能成为航天医学预测骨折风险的手段之一。     

Glycosyltransferases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to the development of NAFLD are still not fully understood. Glycosyltransferases(GTs) are a diverse class of enzymes involved in catalyzing the transfer of one or multiple sugar residues to a wide range of acceptor molecules. GTs mediate a wide range of functions from structure and storage to signaling, and play a key role in many fundamental biological processes. Therefore, it is anticipated that GTs have a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this article, we present an overview of the basic information on NAFLD, particularly GTs and glycosylation modification of certain molecules and their association with NAFLD pathogenesis. In addition, the effects and mechanisms of some GTs in the development of NAFLD are summarized.     

宫颈癌放射治疗的研究进展

宫颈癌发病率居我国女性生殖道恶性肿瘤之首,约80%宫颈癌患者在治疗过程中需要接受放射治疗,包括术后辅助放疗、根治性放疗和复发宫颈癌放疗。笔者拟分别对体外放射治疗(EBRT)和近距离放射治疗(BT)的研究进展、靶区勾画、实施方式、优势和不足进行阐述如下。     

宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查研究进展

宫颈癌发病率在全球女性肿瘤中居第3位。我国宫颈癌每年新发病例为13万例,占世界宫颈癌每年总新发病例的28%。超过95%宫颈癌是可通过筛查预防的。对于宫颈癌的预防,除了宫颈癌疫苗的接种外,仍需要采用理想的宫颈癌筛查方法,并确保筛查质量。国外宫颈癌筛查指南更新较快,但目前在我国尚未建立全部适龄妇女的宫颈癌筛查制度,宫颈癌筛查方法仍处于多种筛查方法并存状态。各地区应根据自身经济发展现状、医务人员技术水平及群众对宫颈癌筛查的认知度,因地制宜,制定适当的宫颈癌筛查方法。     

西部四县出院后早产儿管理模式比较研究

目的 比较不同管理模式下出院后早产儿管理率及家庭实施早期发育促进依从性(以下简称依从性)的差异,并探讨管理率及依从性的影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样,选取广西及陕西各两个县,对研究地区一定时段出生的416例早产儿从出院后开始进行定期随访。广西对两县出生的146例早产儿采用分级分类管理,即县级妇幼保健院随访有高危因素的早产儿,乡卫生院随访其他早产儿;陕西由县级妇幼保健院负责随访两县出生的270例早产儿。两种模式实施的随访频率及内容均相同。结果 县、乡分级分类管理组的早产儿管理率为86.3%,明显高于县级直接管理组的管理率57.0%(P<0.01);前者依从性也高于后者(P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,父母之一为看护人(OR=99.491)、早产儿有出生异常(OR=1.853),则管理率较高。父母之一为看护人(P<0.01)、家庭收入低(P<0.05)时依从性较好。结论 在乡卫生院能够提供基本儿童保健服务的前提下,对出院后早产儿实施县、乡分级分类管理利于提高管理率及依从性。提倡父母参与早产儿养育及加强看护人的健康教育。