客观评价子宫内膜癌筛查方法

子宫内膜癌发病率上升,高危人群增多,应该高度关注子宫内膜癌筛查,临床上应用的子宫内膜癌筛查方法有子宫内膜脱落细胞学检查、子宫内膜脱落细胞块病理检查和子宫内膜微量组织获取检查。3种方法各有优缺点。目前,尚缺乏理想的子宫内膜癌筛查方法。     

子痫前期综合征胎盘介导相关因素预警、早期发现及临床处理选项

早发子痫前期与晚发子痫前期在发病机制和临床表现存在明显不同。子痫前期与其他胎盘介导妊娠并发症包括妊娠丢失、小于胎龄儿和胎盘早剥及早产有着密切关联。胎盘成为子痫前期尤其早发子痫前期的关注焦点。该文仅就作者多年研究认知和经验,剖析和浅谈如何发现胎盘介导的相关因素、如何早期预警及相应的临床处理选项。     

胎盘早剥的诊断和处理策略

胎盘早剥是妊娠晚期发生的一种危急重症,多致严重的产前和（或）产后出血,危及母儿生命。其典型症状为突发持续性腹痛,伴或不伴阴道流血,危重者可出现休克、弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）等。超声、实验室检查及胎心监护可实时监测病情的进展,根据病情进展和胎儿宫内状况综合评估终止妊娠的时机和方式,争取良好的母儿结局。     

卵巢非侵袭性低级别浆液性癌保留生育功能手术五例及文献复习

  目的  分析卵巢非侵袭性低级别浆液性癌(low-grade serous carcinoma, LGSC)患者保留生育功能手术的特点。  方法  回顾性收集2015年1月至2015年6月北京协和医院病理诊断为卵巢非侵袭性LGSC且进行保留生育功能手术的患者, 对其临床病理特点、手术过程和随访情况进行总结。  结果  共有5例非侵袭性LGSC且保留生育功能患者, 中位年龄29岁(24~34岁); 1例行开腹手术, 4例行腹腔镜手术; 4例手术行卵巢囊肿剔除, 1例患者因为卵巢急性扭转坏死行受累附件切除。1例国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO)分期为IB期, 4例为IA期。所有患者术后均未接受进一步治疗。中位随访7个月(6~12个月), 所有患者均未复发, 1例患者自然受孕且母胎情况良好。  结论  对于非侵袭性LGSC患者, 能否保留生育功能、保留生育功能手术术后的生育情况、复发率及随诊方案, 仍是目前临床处理的棘手问题。本研究为年轻的非侵袭性LGSC患者提供了保留卵巢的选择, 但患者的长期预后(包括生育和生存)尚有待进一步随访。     

Clinicopathologic Significance of HNF-1β, AIRD1A,and PIK3CA Expression in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Tissue Microarray Study of 130 Cases

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is a distinct histologic subtype with relatively poor survival. No prognostic or predictive molecular marker is currently available. Recent studies have shown that AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations are common genetic changes in ovarian CCC. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) expression has been proven to be highly sensitive and specific for clear cell histology. However, the correlations between these biomarkers and clinicopathologic variables and survival outcomes are controversial.The immunohistochemical analysis for HNF-1β, ARID1A, and PIK3CA was performed on a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of 130 cases of ovarian CCC (237 tissue blocks) linked with clinical information. The immunostaining results were interpreted in a manner consistent with previous publications. The associations between biomarker expression and clinical and prognostic features were examined. All statistical analyses were conducted using 2-sided tests, and a value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.HNF-1β was expressed in 92.8% of all primary ovarian tumors, while the loss of ARID1A and PIK3CA was noted in 56.2% and 45.0%, respectively. Early-stage tumors tended to have high levels of HNF-1β immunoreactivity and expression of ARID1A (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03). Most patients (76.9%, 20/26) with concurrent endometriosis stained negative for ARID1A (P = 0.02). No relation was found between PIK3CA expression and clinical features. Low-level HNF-1β expression and loss of ARID1A were more commonly observed in patients with tumor recurrence (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001). Antibody expression was not associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response. Patients with negative ARID1A expression had worse survival outcome in terms of both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). On the contrary, patients with high-level HNF-1β were associated with good prognosis (P = 0.02 for OS and P = 0.01 for PFS). PIK3CA expression had no impact on survival. For univariate and multivariate analyses, only HNF-1β expression seemed to be a prognostic factor for favorable OS (P = 0.04).The loss of ARID1A was correlated with late-stage and endometriosis-associated tumors. The measurement of ARID1A expression might be a method to predict the risk of recurrence. Among the 3 biomarkers, only high-level HNF-1β expression proved to be a positive predictor for OS.     

30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床分析

目的探讨女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法。 方法收集北京华信医院2015年1月1日～2016年2月1日收治的30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。 结果女性急性盆腔炎疾病的临床症状复杂多样,检验和检查结果的假阴性率高,导致存在一定的误诊和漏诊。超声检查诊断准确率为53%,误诊率为47%。30例患者均痊愈出院,其中14例患者单纯经联合应用抗菌药物加中药治疗,16例患者经药物治疗效果不佳,补充手术治疗,痊愈率为100%。 结论盆腔炎诊断应综合分析和判断,采取中西医结合治疗方法,标本兼治,治疗效果好。     

腹腔镜全子宫切除术中结扎束血管闭合系统的应用研究

目的评估结扎束血管闭合系统(LF1537 Blunt Tip)在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中应用的临床疗效,探讨其临床价值。 方法选取解放军总医院2014年1月至2016年1月期间收治并行腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者,根据术中是否使用结扎束血管闭合系统分为观察组(使用结扎束血管闭合系统)和对照组(常规手术),记录并比较两组的一般资料和手术相关指标。 结果两组的年龄、体质量指数、腹部手术史符合正态分布且差异无统计学意义(P＝0.625、0.287、0.664);两组的疾病构成差异无统计学意义(P＝0.808)。观察组的手术时间[(46.6 ± 19.1)min vs (65.8 ± 29.2)min]和术中出血量[(51.0 ± 21.9)ml vs (118.4 ± 50.7)ml]均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.001);两组的输血(2例 vs 6例)、住院时间[(6.3 ± 2.2)d vs (6.7 ± 2.8) d]、中转开腹(0例 vs 2例)、并发症发生(4例 vs 7例)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＝0.204、0.391、0.182、0.472)。 结论本研究中将结扎束血管闭合系统(LF1537 Blunt Tip)应用于腹腔镜全子宫切除术,能够更加安全有效的对血管和组织进行闭合和切割,缩短了手术时间,减少了出血量,使手术更加可靠、快捷,具有重要临床应用价值。     

荧光定量16S rRNA基因检测诊断妇产科菌血症的应用价值

 目的 评价荧光定量16S rRNA基因检测诊断妇产科患者菌血症的应用价值。方法 2013-01至2014-12对100例疑为全身感染处于菌血症状态的住院分娩孕产妇进行常规血液培养,同时行细菌16S rRNA基因检测,包括DNA提取、设计引物和探针、PCR扩增及对扩增产物荧光定量检测,以临床诊断及血液培养阳性菌血症作为对照,计算诊断阳性率、敏感性和特异性,数据采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析。结果 荧光定量PCR方法检测发现菌血症阳性的患者44例,阳性率为44％,明显高于血液培养的15%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);以临床诊断及血液培养阳性菌血症作为对照,荧光PCR的诊断敏感性为87.9%,特异性为90.6%。结论 荧光定量16S rRNA基因检测的阳性率远高于血液培养,可为孕产妇患者感染提供早期、敏感的病原学诊断依据。     

模拟失重雌雄大鼠骨密度、骨代谢指标与骨折风险的相关性

 目的 分析模拟失重雌、雄性大鼠模型骨密度及骨代谢生化指标和生物力学之间的相关性,与骨折风险建立联系,探讨航天医疗基础工作。方法 3个月龄雌、雄性SD大鼠各20只,按照性别及是否失重分为4组。采用尾部悬吊模拟失重方法,实验4周后处死SD大鼠,双能X线吸收法(dual-energy X-ray absorption, DEXA)测定L₄椎体、股骨髁部骨密度,骨组织切片染色,ELISA法检测骨代谢生化标志物:骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,BALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP),生物力学测试骨强度。结果 悬吊组大鼠较对照组大鼠BMD均显著下降,雌性悬吊组较雄性组下降明显;组织切片悬吊组较对照组骨组织及骨细胞间隙明显增宽,细胞肿胀;BALP、TRAP雄性悬吊组分别较对照组升高3.09和1.72倍,雌性悬吊组分别较对照组升高3.43和2.14倍;悬吊组椎体的最大压缩载荷(N)、最大压缩压力(MPa)、股骨最大抗弯曲载荷(N)悬吊组较对照组显著下降。骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、BALP、TRAP与椎体最大力学强度Fmax相关性系数r值,雄性组分别为0.985、-0.949、-0.970,雌性组分别为0.908、-0.858、-0.921。结论 失重4周后大鼠出现明显的骨质疏松、骨小梁结构破坏、力学强度显著下降。雌性大鼠骨质疏松较雄性组明显加重。最大力学强度Fmax与骨密度成正相关,与BALP、TRAP成负相关,未来精准、便捷的骨代谢指标可能成为航天医学预测骨折风险的手段之一。     

Glycosyltransferases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to the development of NAFLD are still not fully understood. Glycosyltransferases(GTs) are a diverse class of enzymes involved in catalyzing the transfer of one or multiple sugar residues to a wide range of acceptor molecules. GTs mediate a wide range of functions from structure and storage to signaling, and play a key role in many fundamental biological processes. Therefore, it is anticipated that GTs have a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this article, we present an overview of the basic information on NAFLD, particularly GTs and glycosylation modification of certain molecules and their association with NAFLD pathogenesis. In addition, the effects and mechanisms of some GTs in the development of NAFLD are summarized.