耐多药肺结核患者发现及治疗策略分析

目的通过分析耐多药肺结核患者发现和治疗情况,探索适合中国国情的耐多药肺结核患者发现及治疗策略。方法采用月报表、季报表收集患者发现、治疗及痰菌阴转数据,通过分析耐多药肺结核患者筛出率评价高危人群筛查的患者发现策略;通过分析标准化治疗方案使用情况以及6月末痰菌阴转情况,评价耐多药标准化治疗策略。结果耐多药2 657例可疑患者进行药敏试验,880例(33.1%)确诊为耐多药肺结核;其中经过治疗前体检和医生评估的814例患者,仅有473例(58.1%)纳入治疗,433例(91.5%)接受标准化治疗;完成6个月治疗的124例患者中,痰涂片和痰培养阴转率分别为67.7%和63.7%。结论耐多药肺结核高危人群筛查是适合中国目前技术能力和资源情况,符合成本效益的患者发现策略;标准化治疗方案能够满足大部分患者治疗需求,并获得理想的痰菌阴转率。     

Virus-lymphocyte interactions: Infection of TG and TM subsets by measles virus

The ability of Edmonston strain measles virus to replicate and produce infectious virus in subpopulations of human T lymphocytes was investigated. It was found that measles virus can productively infect both T_G (suppressor) and T_M (helper) lymphocytes from human blood, and that replication and expression of measles virus was dependent upon mitogenic stimulation of the infected lymphocyte subpopulations. Ultrastructural studies of infected T-lymphocyte subpopulations demonstrated the presence of viral nucleocapsids and budding virus. Despite the insertion of large amounts of viral polypeptides into the cells' plasma membranes there was no deficiency in the expression of Fc receptors on the surfaces of activated human T lymphocytes.     

Knowledge mapping of Opuntia Milpa Alta since 1998: A scientometric analysis

建立超高效液相色谱串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱方法(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS)对米邦塔仙人掌的叶状茎及果实化学成分进行表征,并对其抗氧化活性进行考察,初步探讨成分与活性的关系。

选择UPLC HSS T3 C₁₈ (2.1 mm×10 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 mL·min^–1;采用加热电喷雾离子源,正、负离子模式分别进行一级、二级质谱数据采集;采用数据库和文献报道对米邦塔仙人掌叶状茎及果实的化学成分进行表征。采用DPPH、羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(·${\\mathrm{O}}^{-}_{{2}} $)清除能力测试方法,对米邦塔仙人掌叶状茎及果实的抗氧化活性进行考察。

从米邦塔仙人掌的叶状茎及果实中共表征出39种化合物,其中酚类22个,黄酮类13个,其他成分4个。米邦塔仙人掌叶状茎及果实均具有一定的抗氧化能力,米邦塔仙人掌果实对DPPH的清除能力强于叶状茎,而叶状茎对·OH清除能力稍强于果实,叶状茎皮和果皮清除能力相当,果汁对·${\\mathrm{O}}^{-}_{{2}} $清除能力最强,米邦塔仙人掌的抗氧化活性与其富含的酚酸类成分密切相关。

本研究建立了一种快速、准确、可靠的米邦塔仙人掌茎果化学成分的鉴别方法,为米邦塔仙人掌资源的综合开发利用提供了科学依据。

     

Estimating Changes in Population Size and Behavioral Characteristics in Men Who Have Sex With Men Between 2014 and 2019: Longitudinal Study

BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV infection. Accurate estimation of the population size and monitoring the risk sexual behavioral change of MSM is of great importance to develop targeted HIV prevention and interventions.ObjectiveThe goal of the research was accurate estimation of the population size and monitoring the risk sexual behavioral change of MSM.MethodsStreet interception investigation methods were conducted among males aged 16 years and older in selected sites in Shenzhen in 2014 and 2019. A population survey was used to estimate the population size of MSM. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the difference in behavioral characteristics in MSM from 2014 to 2019.ResultsIn this study, we surveyed 10,170 participants in 2014, of whom 448 (4.41%, 95% CI 4.01%-4.80%) participants were men who have ever had sex with another man (MSMe) and 229 (2.25%, 95% CI 1.96%-2.54%) were men who had sex with another man in the previous 6 months (MSMa). A total of 10,226 participants were surveyed in 2019, of which 500 (4.90%, 95% CI 4.47%-5.31%) and 208 (2.03%, 95% CI 1.76%-2.31%) participants were MSMe and MSMa, respectively. The results showed that the population size of MSM who are active (MSMa) in Shenzhen was 155,469 (2.29%, 95% CI 2.28%-2.30%) in 2014 and 167,337 (2.05%, 95% CI 2.04%-2.06%) in 2019. It was estimated that there were about 12,005,445 (2.04%, 95% CI 2.04%-2.04%) MSMa in China in 2019. Compared with 2014, the MSMa in 2019 were more likely to seek sex partners through mobile phone apps and less likely to have male and female sex partners in addition to having inconsistent condom use and more than 6 sex partners in the previous 6 months.ConclusionsIn Shenzhen, the proportion of MSMa among the general male population was lower in 2019 than in 2014, and the prevalence of HIV risk behavior was reduced in 2019. Although the preferred platform to find male sex partners among MSM has changed, intervention with high–HIV risk MSM could still help to reduce HIV risk behaviors among the whole MSM group. Because MSM prefer to seek sex partners through mobile phone apps, further study is needed to strengthen internet interventions with high–HIV risk MSM to curb the spread of HIV.     

A Mentoring Program for the Promotion of Sexual Health Among Korean Adolescents

The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a mentoring program for the promotion of sexual health among Korean adolescents and to explore the effects of the program. A nonequivalent control group pre-test–post-test design was used. The mentoring intervention was conducted by eight nursing students who participated in the program as mentors using various methods such as formal group sessions and informal individual contacts. At the 12-week post-intervention, the interaction between time and group was statistically significant on both sexual knowledge and sexual attitude of the 17 adolescent mentees. The mentoring program demonstrated potential as a developmentally appropriate intervention for the sexual health promotion of adolescents and promises to enable nursing students to gain confidence in their professional capability.     

北京市原东城区乙型病毒性肝炎病毒母婴传播阻断效果评估

目的分析和评价北京市原东城区乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝母婴传播的效果及影响因素,探讨科学有效的阻断方法,为制定预防乙肝母婴传播措施提供科学依据。方法通过现况调查方式,调查原东城区在册登记的母亲乙肝阳性儿童的免疫接种情况、母亲感染情况、分娩方式、喂养方式等信息,并进行乙肝感染指标及保护性抗体的血清学检测,评价乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝母婴传播的免疫效果,分析各种因素对阻断效果的影响。结果此次现况调查母亲HBsAg阳性的儿童465人,乙肝感染率5.59%,疫苗保护率为93.42%。接种血源型疫苗后的感染率24.00%,接种基因工程乙肝疫苗(重组酵母)后的感染率3.37%。接种不同种类乙肝疫苗的儿童乙肝感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.965,P=0.000)。结论北京市原东城区采取乙肝母婴传播阻断措施效果显著,母亲阳性儿童乙肝感染率已降至较低水平;基因疫苗取代血源疫苗后,保护率显著提高。乙肝疫苗和HBIG联合免疫对提高疫苗保护率效果不显著;母亲感染状况是影响母婴传播阻断效果的重要因素,单阳母亲的母婴传播阻断效果优于双阳母亲;原东城区母亲阳性儿童保持了较高的抗体阳转率和抗体滴度水平。     

我国男男性行为人群猴痘知识知晓率及相关因素现况调查

目的 了解我国MSM猴痘知识知晓率及相关因素。方法 调查对象为最近1年发生男男性行为的年龄≥18岁男性。采用方便抽样方法,估计样本量为4 312人。在我国30个省份MSM社会组织协助下,2023年8月10-14日,自行设计匿名调查问卷,采用问卷星进行在线问卷调查,收集调查对象的社会人口学特征、猴痘知识知晓、旅居史和性行为等信息。采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计学分析。结果 调查对象为7 725人,年龄（31.6±9.0）岁。猴痘知识知晓率为50.1%（3 872/7 725）。猴痘知识的主要获取途径是微信、微博、抖音和Blued社交软件等新媒体（88.4%,6 827/7 725）,猴痘知识的期望途径主要是官方媒体报道（79.3%,6 129/7 725）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MSM猴痘知识知晓率较高的因素包括现住址地区为西部和东部地区、≥26岁青壮年、大专及以上文化程度、现居住地为城镇和城乡接合部、性取向为同性恋和双性恋、最近3个月发生男男性行为频次1~5次/月、知晓HIV感染状况为阴性和阳性、最近3个月对猴痘信息关注程度为经常、偶尔和极少关注、通过新媒体和社会组织获取猴痘知识。结论 我国MSM猴痘知识知晓率较低,应重点关注低年龄组、低文化程度和性行为活跃者,借助新媒体和社会组织力量,开展精准的健康教育。     

Structural-level factors affecting implementation of the methadone maintenance therapy program in China

This study identifies structural-level factors influencing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) program implementation in China. Twenty-eight service providers and 560 randomly selected clients from 28 MMT clinics in the study area underwent face-to-face interviews. Number of clients, retention rate, coverage, and structural-level factors were collected from a survey of service providers. Individual-level factors and self-reported illicit drug use information were obtained from clients. Urine specimens were collected from the client participants to test for heroin use. Clinics affiliated with the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had more clients, higher retention rates, and broader coverage than those not affiliated with the CDC. Longer operating hours, incentive for compliant clients, and comprehensive services were positively associated with client recruitment and coverage. Comprehensive services and incentives for compliant clients were negatively associated with concurrent illicit drug use. Comprehensive services should be incorporated into the MMT program. Extended operating hours and incentives for compliant clients should be implemented.     

1998年洪灾对江西省传染病流行的影响

目的 探讨1998年洪灾对江西省传染病流行的影响及相关的因素。方法 对江西省洪灾前后的传染病疫情及部分灾区流行的疾病个案进行分析。结果 1997～1999年江西省甲、乙类传染病的发病率分别为198．19／10万、224．68／10万及253．22／10万,1993～1997年平均发病率为187．68／10万。1998年与1997年、1993～1997年的平均水平相比,甲、乙类传染病的总发病率分别上升了13．37％和19.71％,其中以霍乱、出血热和钩端螺旋体病上升最为明显;1999年与1997年、1998年相比,分别上升了27．77％和12．70％,其中以霍乱、甲肝上升最为明显。1998年受灾县与非受灾县、全省和全国比,肠道传染病和自然疫源性疾病上升较明显;灾后第二年,除了肠道传染病继续上升外,呼吸道传染病的上升也较明显。结论 1998年洪灾对江西省传染病的流行产生了一定的影响,部分受灾县传染病的发病有不同程度的上升。