妊娠期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停筛查的研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是妊娠人群中常见的睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病,不仅与多种不良妊娠结局相关,也可能对母婴远期健康产生重要影响。目前诊断OSA的金标准多导睡眠监测在妊娠人群中难以大规模开展,导致绝大多数妊娠期OSA未能得到及时诊断。寻求其他筛查策略和筛查工具准确识别具有OSA风险的孕妇并进行及时诊治,对于改善不良妊娠结局具有重要意义。本文针对妊娠期OSA患病率、筛查现状、筛查时机、目标人群、筛查工具的研究进展进行综述,以期为妊娠期OSA的筛查提供参考和理论依据。     

腓骨肌萎缩症1A型患者和慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病患者F波改变的比较

目的：分析比较腓骨肌萎缩症1A型(Charcot-Marie-Tooth1A,CMT1A)患者和慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, CIDP)患者F波改变的特点和原因。方法：收集自2012年1月到2018年12月在北京大学第三医院诊治的CMT1A和CIDP患者各30例,记录临床资料、电生理指标(神经传导速度和F波、H反射)、神经功能等级评分等,部分患者行臂丛和腰丛的磁共振影像检查,分析比较结果。结果：CMT1A患者的正中神经平均运动传导速度为(21.10±10.60) m/s, CIDP患者为(31.52±12.46)m/s,二者差异有统计学意义(t=-6.75,P<0.001), CMT1A患者中约43.3%(13/30)未引出尺神经F波,明显高于CIDP未引出F波的患者比例(4/30,13.3%),χ²=6.65,P=0.010。在可引出F波的患者中,CMT1A组患者的F波潜伏期为(52.40±17.56) ms, CIDP组为(42.20±12.73) ms...     

Animal models of asthma: Innovative methods of lung research and new pharmacological targets

Allergic diseases like bronchial asthma are increasing in societies with western lifestyle. In the last years substantial progress was made in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and explanations like the hygiene hypothesis were developed. However the exact mechanisms of the physiological and immunological events in the lung leading to bronchial asthma are still not fully understood. Therefore, animal models of asthma have been established and improved to study the complex cellular interactions in vivo. Since mice became the most frequently used animal species the methods for detecting lung physiology, e.g. lung function measurements were adapted to the small size of the murine lung. Laser-dissection and precision cut lung slices have become common techniques to get a view into distinct lung compartments and cells. In addition genomic and proteomic approaches are now used widely. On the other hand a major conclusion of the workshop stated that more than one species is necessary in research and for pharmacological screening in asthma and COPD. The resulting new understanding in the mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis has lead to a rapid identification of novel pharmaceutical targets for treatment of the disease.     

精神专科医院门诊抑郁症患者服药依从性影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的影响因素.方法:选取2007年5月至10月于北京大学第六医院及北京回龙观医院门诊就诊的123例抑郁症患者,采用自编抑郁症患者就诊状况及服药依从性调查问卷进行调查,内容包括患者一般情况、患病及就诊情况调查、抑郁症发病次数、巩固治疗期坚持服药时间知晓情况及实际服药情况等.分别采用卡方检验及多元Logistic回归分析,探讨上述各因素与服药依从性的相关性.结果:完全依从组(完全按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)和部分依从组(部分按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)在医疗费用支付形式、病程、家属态度、抑郁症阳性家族史、对疾病性质的认识、就诊模式、第一主诉、患病次数、坚持服药时间知晓情况、家庭平均月收入等方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),将患者服药依从情况作为因变量,将以上项目作为自变量进行Logistic回归,结果显示月收入、对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程进入回归方程,各变量比值比分别为:10.932、9.604、7.246、6.019、2.611、0.209.结论:抑郁症患者服药依从性与多方面因素相关,对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程、家庭平均月收入等是影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的重要因素.     

儿童青少年睡眠时间与社交焦虑的关联

  目的  分析儿童青少年睡眠时间与社交焦虑的关联,为提倡儿童青少年保持健康的生活方式进而促进心理健康提供依据。  方法  于2020年在北京市采取整群随机抽样的方式招募1 145名7~16岁儿童青少年,对其进行一般身体测量和问卷调查,使用儿童社交焦虑量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评价儿童青少年的社交焦虑症状和睡眠时间。使用t检验比较不同组社交焦虑得分的差异,使用多元线性回归模型分析睡眠时间与社交焦虑之间的关联。  结果  研究对象的社交焦虑平均得分为(5.47±4.18)分,女生、13~16岁、每日中高强度体力活动时间不足和睡眠时间不足的儿童青少年社交焦虑分数较高(t值分别为-4.34,-6.14,3.35,2.93,P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归模型结果显示,在调整相关的混杂因素后,总体的睡眠时间每增加1 h,社交焦虑分数降低0.78分(β=-0.78,95%CI=-1.03~-0.54,P < 0.01),男生和女生的社交焦虑分数分别降低0.60(95%CI=-0.95~-0.25)和0.90(95%CI=-1.24~-0.56)分,7~12和13~16岁儿童青少年的社交焦虑分数分别降低0.75(95%CI=-1.11~-0.40)和0.76分(95%CI=-1.11~-0.41),非超重肥胖和超重肥胖儿童分别降低0.78(95%CI=-1.09~-0.48)和0.81分(95%CI=-1.22~-0.41)(P值均 < 0.01)。  结论  不同性别、年龄、营养状况儿童青少年社交焦虑程度不同,睡眠时间延长与社交焦虑分数降低相关。保证充足的睡眠有助于降低儿童青少年的社交焦虑程度,提高心理健康水平。     

儿童青少年健康发展与成效

儿童青少年健康是全民健康的基础, 是全面小康的标志。中共十八大以来, 党和国家对儿童青少年健康的高度重视以及儿童青少年健康政策的日益完善, 极大促进了儿童青少年近视、肥胖防控和心理健康促进; 体育锻炼和健康教育进一步加强, 推动了健康学校建设; 同时, 学校卫生管理和工作体系、学生健康监测制度及干预措施等服务体系进一步完善, 儿童青少年健康状况稳步提升。     

运动能力与儿童早期发展

儿童早期发展对个人成年时期,乃至老年阶段的全面发展和健康促进均具有重要意义,受到越来越多的社会关注。本文从早期教育中运动能力培养的角度,总结其对儿童早期体格生长、智力发展、神经心理发育的作用及对特殊儿童疾病干预的影响,为促进儿童健康成长寻找途径和方向。     

Radioprotective Effect of Whey Hydrolysate Peptides against γ-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases, but it can also cause serious damage to the body, so it is necessary to find effective nutritional supplements. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of whey hydrolysate peptides (WHPs) against ⁶⁰Coγ radiation damage in mice and explore the mechanism. BALB/c mice were given WHPs by oral gavage administration for 14 days. Then, some mice underwent a 30-day survival test after 8 Gy radiation, and other mice received 3.5 Gy radiation to analyze the changes in body weight, hematology and bone marrow DNA after three and 14 days. In addition, through further analysis of the level of oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, the possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of WHPs was explored. The study found WHPs can prolong survival time, restore body weight, and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and bone marrow DNA content in irradiated mice. In addition, WHPs can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that WHPs have a certain radioprotective effect in mice, and the main mechanism is related to reducing oxidative damage.     

Longitudinal Changes in the Concentration of Major Human Milk Proteins in the First Six Months of Lactation and Their Effects on Infant Growth

Our knowledge related to human milk proteins is still limited. The present study determined the changes in multiple human milk proteins during the first six months of lactation, investigated the influencing factors of milk proteins, and explored the impact of milk proteins on infant growth. A total of 105 lactating women and their full-term infants from China were prospectively surveyed in this research. Milk samples were collected at 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 1 month, and 6 months postpartum. Concentrations of total protein and α-lactalbumin were measured in all milk samples, and concentrations of lactoferrin, osteopontin, total casein, β-casein, α_s−1 casein, and κ-casein were measured in milk from 51 individuals using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentration of measured proteins in the milk decreased during the first six months of postpartum (p-trend < 0.001). Maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal education, and income impacted the longitudinal changes in milk proteins (p-interaction < 0.05). Concentrations of α_s−1 casein in milk were inversely associated with the weight-for-age Z-scores of the infants (1 m: r −0.29, p 0.038; 6 m: r −0.33, p 0.020). In conclusion, the concentration of proteins in milk decreased over the first six months postpartum, potentially influenced by maternal demographic and delivery factors. Milk protein composition may influence infant weights.