膳食炎症指数与慢性肾脏病发病之间的研究进展

目的 对膳食炎症指数(DII)与慢性肾脏病发病之间的研究进行综述,探究两者之间的关系。方法 以“膳食炎症指数”、“促炎饮食”和“慢性肾脏病”、“肾小球滤过率”为检索词,在PubMed, Web of Science和EMBASE等数据库进行检索,查询并严格筛选合格文献,进一步综述膳食炎症指数与慢性肾病的流行病学关系,并从炎症因子方面解释阐述了膳食炎症指数与慢性肾病之间可能的相关机制。结果 促炎饮食会造成慢性肾脏病的发病风险升高,相反,抗炎饮食可以有效降低慢性肾脏病的发病风险,特定的炎症因子标志物对慢性肾脏病的发病有特定作用。结论 膳食炎症指数对慢性肾脏病的发生有一定的影响,未来可能作为慢性肾病发病的预防控制策略之一,并可能给肾脏疾病的防治提供重要的科学依据。     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿氧化应激状况及影响因素分析

Objective To investigate the oxidative stress state in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),and analyze whether any observed abnormalities were related to metabolic disturbances.Methods Four groups of subjects were studied,comprising with 22 patients with DKA(group 1),18 diabetic children with medium metabolic control,whose glycated hemoglobin(HbAlc) below 9%(group 2),22 children with poorly controlled diabetes,whose Hbal c above 9%(group 3),and 36 healthy control children(group 4).Malondialdehyde(MDA),nitrate oxidase(NO),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and metabolic parameters such as fasting blood glucose,HbAlc,blood gas analysis,serum ion,renal function of the subjects were measured.Results Mean serum MDA value was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2(P ＜0.01) and group 4(P ＜0.01),but was not different from that in group 3 (P ＞0.05).Serum levels of NO were significantly higher in group 1,2 and 3 compared with group 4(P＜0.01).Serum levels of GSH-Px were significantly lower in group 1,2 and 3 than in group 4(P＜0.01).There were no significant differences of serum SOD value among the four groups(P＞0.05).Both serum MDA and NO values in the diabetic patients(groups 1 +2 +3) were positively related to HbAlc(r=0.375,P ＜0.01;r=0.250,P ＜0.05),and serum SOD values in the DKA patients were negatively related to HbAlc(r= -0.507,P＜0.05),there were not any significant relationship between the other oxidative markers and metabolic parameters.Conclusion There is an increase of oxidative stress and decrease of antioxygenic ability in DKA children,and these changes tend to correlate more with markers of diabetic imbalance than with parameters of acute metabolic disturbances of DKA.     

The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the injured kidneys of neonate rats with endotoxemia

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the kidney injure in the newborn rats with endotoxemia.Methods Eighty Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (intraperitoneal injection of saline of 0.1 ml;n = 40),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group(intraperitoneal injection of LPS of 5 mg/kg;n =40).The rats in either group were killed at 1 h,4 h,8 h and 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The expressions of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the kidney were detected by using the immunohistochemical assay.Renal ultrastructural changes was observed with a CM100 Philips electron microscope.Results The NF-κB in control group had no expression.NF-κB in LPS group mainly expressed in the renal tubular epithelial cell,increased at 1 h after test and peaked at 8 h,and slightly descended at 12 h.The expression of TGF-β1 in control group was slight,and had not show significant difference from control group at 1 h,4 h and 8 h,but significantly higher than that in control group at 12 h.In LPS group,newborn rat renal glomerular basement membrane was complete,part epithelial cell foot processes were fused and renal tubules epithelial cell mild mitochondria vacuolization was found at 4 h.Renal glomeruli epithelial cell foot processes obvious confluenced,quantities of mesangial cells mitochondria vacuole,and renal tubules epithelial cell mitochondria expanded to bubbles at 12 h.Conclusion The NF-κB involves in the pathogenesis of kidney damage induced by endotoxemia,but TGF-β1 may help to repair the damaged kidney,and may repress the production of NF-κB.     

《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》1995至2005年论文作者分析

《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》(以下简称该刊)是我国劳动卫生职业病研究领域颇有影响的专业核心期刊,自1983年创刊以来,已成为我国劳动卫生职业病专业人员的必读之刊。被《中国学术期刊综合评价》数据库、《中国科学引文》数据库、美国《MEDLINE》数据库、美国《Chemical Abstracts》数据库收录,并被《中文核心期刊要目总览》认定为预防医学·卫生学专业核心期刊。为了更好地了解该刊论文作者的分布情况,我们于2006年2月开始对1995至2005年在《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》上发表论文的作者进行了统计分析,旨在对我国劳动卫生职业病领域研究的现状及发展有进一步的了解和认识。     

胎儿肠管扩张的产前诊断和临床预后

目的探讨胎儿肠管扩张的原因和临床意义。方法本文对107例产前超声发现胎儿肠管扩张孕妇进行临床管理和结果追踪，如产前出现明显胎儿肠管扩张（扩张的肠襻直径〉30mm）或明确诊断为消化系统畸形者，可选择引产放弃胎儿，并对患儿尸体进行解剖验证；如选择继续妊娠，则严密监测，分娩后行新生儿腹部X线平片拍摄和钡灌肠造影检查是否存在梗阻，并判断梗阻类型。分娩时取脐带血进行胎儿染色体核型分析。结果（1）产前超声表现为肠管扩张的107例孕妇中，78例（72．9％）合并消化系统畸形，其中，54例（69．2％）同时伴羊水增多，5例为染色体异常（7．8％），7例并多发畸形（9．0％）。（2）当胎儿腹部超声影像表现为典型的双泡征时，提示胎儿十二指肠梗阻，临床诊断正确率为100％，绝大部分由十二指肠闭锁和狭窄引起。（3）引起胎儿期肠管扩张的消化系统畸形中，以小肠畸形最为常见，结肠和肛门直肠病变少见。（4）29例胎儿产前超声表现为肠管扩张，分娩后1个月内新生儿未发现异常表现。结论产前诊断胎儿肠管扩张与消化系统畸形密切相关，需给予正确的临床管理和指导。     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿氧化应激状况及影响因素分析

Objective To investigate the oxidative stress state in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),and analyze whether any observed abnormalities were related to metabolic disturbances.Methods Four groups of subjects were studied,comprising with 22 patients with DKA(group 1),18 diabetic children with medium metabolic control,whose glycated hemoglobin(HbAlc) below 9%(group 2),22 children with poorly controlled diabetes,whose Hbal c above 9%(group 3),and 36 healthy control children(group 4).Malondialdehyde(MDA),nitrate oxidase(NO),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and metabolic parameters such as fasting blood glucose,HbAlc,blood gas analysis,serum ion,renal function of the subjects were measured.Results Mean serum MDA value was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2(P ＜0.01) and group 4(P ＜0.01),but was not different from that in group 3 (P ＞0.05).Serum levels of NO were significantly higher in group 1,2 and 3 compared with group 4(P＜0.01).Serum levels of GSH-Px were significantly lower in group 1,2 and 3 than in group 4(P＜0.01).There were no significant differences of serum SOD value among the four groups(P＞0.05).Both serum MDA and NO values in the diabetic patients(groups 1 +2 +3) were positively related to HbAlc(r=0.375,P ＜0.01;r=0.250,P ＜0.05),and serum SOD values in the DKA patients were negatively related to HbAlc(r= -0.507,P＜0.05),there were not any significant relationship between the other oxidative markers and metabolic parameters.Conclusion There is an increase of oxidative stress and decrease of antioxygenic ability in DKA children,and these changes tend to correlate more with markers of diabetic imbalance than with parameters of acute metabolic disturbances of DKA.     

小儿急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导缓解期死亡原因的探讨

目的 探讨小儿急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者早期的死亡原因.方法 分析3例急性早幼粒细胞白血病早期死亡患儿的临床资料.结果 3例患儿中,男2例,女1例;均为b亚型;分别在住院10 d、11 d、13 d死亡.死亡原因:3例均存在典型的DIC.2例死于脑出血,1例死于高白细胞综合征(维甲酸综合征).2例治疗中发生急性支气管肺炎.发生高白细胞综合征者诊断时WBC 45.7×109/L,死亡时为136.5×109/L.3例诊断时PLT分别为7×109/L、9×109/L、32×109/L,死亡时为1×109/L、5×109/L、76×109/L.结论 诱导分化治疗中,前2周为监护的重点时间,高白细胞综合征、与DIC相关的颅内出血是早期死亡的主要原因.初诊时高白细胞、b亚型、DIC、血小板减少明显者,易于出血,要特别重视输注血小板.必要时可谨慎地予以化疗.