10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from Royal jelly: A potential medicine for RA

Aim of the study

Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) are known to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cause joint destruction. The purpose of this study is to develop a potential medicine for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Materials and methods

To this end, first, the MMPs inhibition factor was purified from an alkali-solubilized fraction of RJ (Apis mellifera) by C18 reverse-phase column chromatography and identified as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) by LTQ XL analysis. Next, Experimental test 10H2DA how to inhibited the activities of MMPs: with RASFs isolated from rheumatoid tissues by enzymatic digestion, cultures in monolayers were treated with 10H2DA (0.5 mM, 1 mM, and 2 mM) or PBS for 2 h followed by stimulation with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 2 h, mRNA. Protein levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the DNA-binding activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the protein kinase activity of p38, ERK and JNK by kinase assay.

Results

The molecular investigation revealed that the 10H2DA-mediated suppression was likely to occur through blocking p38 kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase–AP-1 signaling pathways. In contrast, 10H2DA had no effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity, NF-κB DNA-binding activity and IκBα degradation.

Conclusion

These results suggest that 10H2DA may be of potential therapeutic value in inhibiting joint destruction in RA.     

数字的语义模糊性:修辞和翻译的特殊技巧

自然语言中数字的语义模糊性表达及其特殊的修辞功能无处不在。翻译不是字当句对,而是保留语言的总风格和力量,按分量而不是数量译词。模糊数字的翻译不能拘泥于数字本身的数值,而必须依托具体语境,悉心推敲原文的修辞特色,着重从文采上考虑,精心选择适当词语译出意境。     

窄式阅读理论观照下的医学英语阅读教学探索

医学英语教学的目标是通过语言学习来促进专业发展.现行条件下阅读教学是关键.现尝试在医学英语中引入窄式阅读模式.将口腔专业的学生分成两组,一组进行引入窄式阅读的医学英语教学,一组进行常规的医学英语教学.研究结果表明：引入窄式阅读的医学英语教学不仅提高了学生的阅读效率,且对专业发展有明显的促进作用.     

基于“组块理论”的医学英语词汇习得的实验研究

探索＂语块理论＂在提高医学英语词汇记忆能力上的有效性。从音、形、义角度对6个班进行一个学期的医学英语词汇组块记忆培训。基于＂组块理论＂医学英语词汇习得是一条行之有效的医学英语词汇学习方法 ,掌握该方法有助于提高学习者对医学英语词汇学习的兴趣,从而有助于提高医学英语文献阅读能力。     

Attitudes of primary care professionals in Spain toward xenotransplantation

OBJECTIVE: The deficit in transplantable organs is making it necessary to find alternative sources. One possibility is xenotransplantation. However, the use of animal organs may be rejected by society and among health professionals. Primary Care is fundamental for promoting matters of health; in Spain it has access to nearly 100% of the population. Our objective was to analyze the acceptance of this therapy, although it is experimental, among Primary Care professionals, given that they are the ones most involved in spreading information about this therapy if it was confirmed to be useful. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A random sample was stratified by sex, job category, and geographical location among Primary Care personnel, including 428 professionals in 32 health centers among population of 2851 professionals. Attitudes toward xenotransplantation were evaluated using a questionnaire on psychosocial attitudes validated in our geographical area. Contact was made in each center with the Doctor Coordinator for doctors, the Nursing Coordinator for nurses, and an Administrative Officer for ancillary personnel. The chi-square test and Student t test were applied to evaluate categorical and continuous data, respectively. RESULTS: Attitudes toward xenotransplantation were similar to those obtained in human organs: favorable in 79% (n = 325), whereas 19% (n = 78) had doubts and 2% (n = 10) were against. The attitude was more favorable in men (89% vs 72%; P < .000), those who had cared for transplant patients (84% vs 71%; P = .009), those with previous experience in organ donation and transplantation (84% vs 75%; P = .033), those with an attitude in favor of cadaveric organ donation (83% vs 66%; P < .0001), and those in favor of living donation of the kidney (P < .000) or the liver (P < .000), as well as those who believed that they may need a transplant at some time in the future (84% vs 74%; P = .045). There was a clear difference in attitude according to job category (P = .018): approval rates were 89% for doctors, 76% for nurses, and 70% for ancillary personnel. CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes toward future application of xenotransplantation were quite positive among doctors. However, the attitudes of nursing and ancillary personnel were similar to those of the general population. The main factors related to such an attitude depended mainly on the previous relationship and attitude of the respondent toward human organ donation and transplantation.     

Capability of well-being: validation of the Hungarian version of the ICECAP-A and ICECAP-O questionnaires and population normative data

Quality of Life Research - We aimed to develop and assess the psychometric characteristics of the Hungarian language version of two well-being capability measures, the ICEpop CAPability measure for...     

克拉申的输入假设理论在医学英语教学中的应用

探讨克拉申输入假设的理论内容以及输入假设理论在医学英语教学中的实践应用。输入假设理论重视情感过滤因素在学习中的重要作用,增强学生的学习动机和自信心,克服焦虑和恐惧心理,能够充分发挥情感因素对学生学习医学英语课程的动力和调节作用。学生在轻松的环境下输入语言知识,学习效果明显增强。克拉申的输入假设能够充分发挥情感因素在医学英语教学中的指导和激励作用,提高教学质量。     

Pili annulati (pelos anillados). Estudio con microanálisis de Rx

—We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who had a characteristic hair with dark bands of normal hair and bright thicker bands with slight cuticular changes. There was no known family history.X-ray microanalysis demonstrated a sulphur decrease in the bright bands with respect to the dark ones. We considerer this case either sporadic or with a mild genetic penetrance. Clinical, morphological and ultrastructural findings were minimal.     

口语诗《广岛》中隐喻手势的表征方式与元话语功能

皮尔斯把类象符号分为意象象似性、拟象象似性和隐喻象似性三种，这个分类与Lakoff ＆Johnson的概念隐喻理论结合起来可以很好地揭示隐喻手势的表征方式。皮尔斯符号“三位一体”的整体性使符号成为真正的“说明项”，在具体语境中具备元话语功能。通过分析，口语诗《广岛》中的隐喻手势具备突出对照、否定评价和谋篇布局的元话语功能。本研究不仅揭示了言语隐喻中无法体现的思维层面的内容，而且有助于对口语交际中隐喻手势的理解。     

My first time

A medical student’s recount and personal reflection of her first patient death.