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目的:探索计算机化的在线心理干预在大学生网络成瘾中的效果。方法:开发一套计算机化的大学生网络成瘾在线干预系统"健康上网自助中心"。该系统包括"准备开始"、"自我了解"、"新的目标"和"走向成功"四个模块。采用个案研究的方法,通过量化的效果评估指标和质性的访谈对三名大学生网络成瘾个案在应用计算机化心理干预方案后的效果进行分析。结果:干预能够明显降低部分被试的上网时间和网络成瘾程度,提高其上网时间的合理用途比例和上网满意度,但仍有个别被试未能得到有效改变。访谈结果表明干预方案能够有效地提高个体对于上网问题的觉察,增强其改变的意愿,并从方案中学到改变的方法。结论:计算机化的在线干预系统作为一种网络成瘾干预的新途径具有成本-效益的优势,实际应用时可与传统方法互补。 相似文献
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Klaus Wunderlich Antonio Rangel John P. O'Doherty 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2009,106(40):17199-17204
Action-based decision making involves choices between different physical actions to obtain rewards. To make such decisions the brain needs to assign a value to each action and then compare them to make a choice. Using fMRI in human subjects, we found evidence for action-value signals in supplementary motor cortex. Separate brain regions, most prominently ventromedial prefrontal cortex, were involved in encoding the expected value of the action that was ultimately taken. These findings differentiate two main forms of value signals in the human brain: those relating to the value of each available action, likely reflecting signals that are a precursor of choice, and those corresponding to the expected value of the action that is subsequently chosen, and therefore reflecting the consequence of the decision process. Furthermore, we also found signals in the dorsomedial frontal cortex that resemble the output of a decision comparator, which implicates this region in the computation of the decision itself. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES: To assess women's perceptions of risk for osteoporosis and to identify factors that shape those perceptions. METHODS: A community sample of 358 women (aged 40-86) rated their perceived risk of osteoporosis and provided detailed information about factors underlying their risk perceptions. Their open-ended responses were content analysed. RESULTS: On average, participants believed they were less likely to develop osteoporosis than other women their age. In all, 63% perceived their risk as lower than other women their age; only 16% as higher. In explaining their risk, women mentioned more risk-decreasing factors than risk-increasing factors. Women who rated their risk as low attributed their risk primarily to their own preventive behaviors (e.g. taking calcium, exercising), whereas women who rated their risk as high attributed their risk primarily to their family history. Risk-increasing and risk-decreasing personal actions, hereditary factors, and physiological factors accounted for 53% of the variance in perceived risk for osteoporosis. Only one-half and one-third of all women, however, mentioned calcium consumption and exercise, respectively, as protective factors employed to reduce osteoporosis risk. Women also held misconceptions about osteoporosis risk and protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings yield a detailed portrait of women's risk perceptions for osteoporosis. Increasing awareness of osteoporosis should be a priority for future osteoporosis prevention campaigns. Interventions should address misconceptions women may hold about their risk for the disease and promote specific behavioral strategies for osteoporosis prevention. 相似文献
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中外医学院校人文素质教育的对比研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章从人文基础、课程设置、教学内容、教学与考核方法、师资力量五个方面对中外医学院校的人文素质教育进行对比分析,为我国高校医学院校实施人文素质教育提供一些有益的经验启示。 相似文献
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Ang RP Rescorla LA Achenbach TM Ooi YP Fung DS Woo B 《Child psychiatry and human development》2012,43(1):70-86
This study examined the criterion validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) problem
scales and items in demographically-matched Singapore samples of referred and non-referred children (840 in each sample for
the CBCL and 447 in each sample for the TRF). Internal consistency estimates for both the CBCL and TRF scales were good. Almost
all CBCL and TRF problem scales and items significantly discriminated between referred and non-referred children, with referred
children scoring higher, as expected. The largest referral status effects were on attention problems scales and their associated
items, with the TRF having larger effects than the CBCL. Effect sizes for demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity
and SES were much smaller than effect sizes for referral status, across both the CBCL and TRF forms and at both the scale
and item levels. These findings suggest that teachers can be effective partners in identifying children who need mental health
services and those who do not. 相似文献