复方黄赤酊外用防治输液所致血栓性浅静脉炎的临床研究

目的:探索复方黄赤酊外用防治输液所致血栓性浅静脉炎的临床效果。方法:将可能发生的152例和已发生的47例病人随机分成实验组和对照组。实验组采用复方黄赤酊(加减)局部涂布与外敷。对照组采用50%硫酸镁湿敷。结果:对可能发生的病例预防用药后效果比较,经统计学处理为X2=29.60,P<0.01,有极显著性差异;已发生的病例治疗效果比较,经统计学处理X2=43.16,P<0.01,有极显著性差异。结论:复方黄赤酊(加减)局部涂布与外敷,药效发挥迅速,疗效可靠,是防治由于静脉输液所致血栓性浅静脉炎安全、迅速、高效的中草药外用制剂。     

方克联合顺铂治疗头颈部肿瘤的疗效观察

目的 评价方克联合顺铂治疗复发转移性头颈部肿瘤的疗效和毒性。方法 将46例复发转移性头颈部肿瘤患者随机分为两组,治疗组：亚叶酸钙200mg静滴d1～5,方克600mg／m^2静滴d1-5,顺铂30mg／m^2静滴d1-3,21d为1周期;对照组：亚叶酸钙200mg静滴d1,5,5-Fu500mg／m^2静滴4～6hd1～5,顺铂30mg／m^2静滴d1～3,21d为1周期。结果 治疗组有效率为43％,中位生存期为7个月,1年生存率为30.4％;对照组有效率为34％,中位生存期为6个月,1年生存率为26．1％。两组有效率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,治疗组不良反应明显轻于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论 方克联合顺铂是治疗复发转移性头颈部肿瘤患者的一种安全、有效的化疗方案。     

生大黄粉防治重型颅脑损伤后上消化道出血疗效观察

目的:观察生大黄粉在颅脑损伤后上消化道出血防治中的效果。方法:将167例颅脑损伤患者随机分为两组,实验组89例,应用生大黄粉和泮托拉唑。对照组78例,应用泮托拉唑。观察两组临床疗效,依胃液隐血试验结果判定。结果:两组中开始无消化道出血者,治疗组出现5例上消化道出血,对照组7例(P<0.05)。28例上消化道出血患者中,实验组上消化道出血治愈率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组上消化道出血治愈平均时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:重型颅脑损伤后早期鼻饲生大黄粉可显著降低上消化道出血发病率,提高上消化道出血治愈率,缩短出血治愈疗程。     

有关吸烟及围术期用药相互作用的护理思考

为保证病人在围术期用药的安全性,本文对吸烟和术前不同用药与麻醉药之间的不良反应和预防措施进行进行了回顾。     

溶血磷脂酸在动脉粥样硬化和缺血性心脑血管病中的作用

溶血磷脂酸是一种对血细胞和血管壁具有多种作用的磷脂类分子,由活化血小板和低密度脂 蛋白在轻度氧化过程中产生和释放,在动脉粥样硬化和心脑血管病中起着极为重要的作用。溶血磷 脂酸及其受体信号转导系统为动脉粥样硬化和缺血性心脑血管病的早期干预和防治提供了新的靶 点。     

超声诊断甲状腺内鱼刺异物1例

鱼刺异物上消化道异物中最常见的异物之一,常停留在腭扁桃体、会厌谿、梨状窝、食管等处,其穿透食管壁进入甲状腺者,比较少见。鱼刺异物损伤消化道以及颈部甲状腺组织,形成穿通伤,没有损伤颈部大的血管以及神经者更是罕见。现将我院收治的此类颈部异物损伤典型病例报告如下。     

Sysmex系列4台不同型号全自动血液分析仪结果比对分析

目的：通过Sysmex系列4台不同型号全自动血液分析仪对同一全血标本进行检测,了解每台仪器检测结果的准确性和一致性。方法：选用参加室间质评而且成绩优秀的仪器XT-2000i为参比仪器,其他仪器为比对仪器,其结果以美国临床实验室修正法案（CLIA’88）规定的室间质量评价允许误差的1/2为标准进行比较分析,即白细胞计数（WBC）＆#177;7.50%、红细胞计数（RBC）＆#177;3.00%、血红蛋白测定（HGB）＆#177;3.50%、红细胞比容（HCT）＆#177;3.00%、血小板计数（PLT）＆#177;12.50%。结果：通过校准与比对,各台仪器准确性和一致性良好。结论：定期对我科4台全自动血液分析仪进行比对和校准,保证检测结果的准确性和一致性。     

Computational modeling of lumbar disc degeneration before and after spinal fusion

BackgroundAdvancing age and degeneration frequently lead to low back pain, which is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. Degenerative changes in intervertebral discs and musculo-ligamentous incapacity to compensate sagittal imbalance are typically amongst the sources of instability, with spinal fusion techniques being the main treatment options to relieve pain. The aims of this work were to: (i) assess the link between ligament degeneration and spinal instability by determining the role of each ligament per movement, (ii) evaluate the impact of disc height reduction in degenerative changes, and (iii) unveil the most advantageous type of posterior fixation in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion to prevent adjacent disc degeneration.MethodsTwo L3-L5 finite element models were developed, being the first in healthy condition and the second having reduced L4-L5 height. Different degrees of degeneration were tested, combined with different fixation configurations for Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion.FindingsFacet capsular ligament and anterior longitudinal ligament were the most influential ligaments for spinal stability, particularly with increasing degeneration and disc height reduction. Pre-existent degeneration had lower influence than the fusion procedure for the risk of adjacent disc degeneration, being the highest stability and minimal degeneration achieved with bilateral fixation. Right unilateral fixation was more suited to reduce disc stress than left unilateral fixation.InterpretationBilateral fixation is the best option to stabilize the spinal segment, but unilateral right fixation may suffice. This has direct implications for clinical practice, and the extension to a population-based study will allow for more efficient fusion surgeries.     

Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants in adult hip fracture patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of patients are taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants at the time of hip fracture. Evidence is limited on how and if the effects of DOAC's should be reversed before surgical fixation. Wide variations in practice exist. We conducted a systematic review to investigate outcomes for three reversal strategies. These were: “watch and wait” (also referred to as “time-reversal”), plasma product reversal and reversal with specific antidotes.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using multiple databases. Results were obtained for studies directly comparing different DOAC reversal strategies in hip fracture patients and for studies comparing DOAC-taking hip fracture patients (including patients “reversed” using any method and “non-reversed” patients) against matched controls taking either a vitamin-K antagonist or not receiving anticoagulation therapy. This allowed construction of a network meta-analysis to indirectly compare outcomes between “reversed” and “non-reversed” DOAC patients. With respect to “watch and wait”/“time-reversal”, a cut-off time to surgery of 36 hours was used to distinguish between “time-reversed” and “non time-reversed” DOAC patients. The primary outcome was early/inpatient mortality, reported as Odds Ratios (OR).ResultsNo studies investigating plasma products or reversal agents specifically in hip fracture patients were obtained. Fourteen studies were suitable for analysis of “watch and wait”/“time- reversal”. Two studies directly compared “time-reversed” and “non time-reversed” DOAC-taking hip fracture patients (58 “time-reversed”, 62 “non time-reversed”). From 12 other studies we used indirect comparisons between “time-reversed” and “non time-reversed” DOAC patients (total, 357 “time-reversed”, 282 “non time-reversed”). We found no statistically significant differences in mortality outcomes between “time-reversal” and “non time-reversal” (OR 1.48 [95%CI: 0.29-7.53]). We also did not find a statistically significant difference between “time reversal” and “non time-reversal” in terms of blood transfusion requirements (OR 1.16 [95% CI 0.42-3.23]). However, several authors described that surgical delay is associated with worse outcomes related to prolonged hospitalisation, and that operating within 36 hours is safe.ConclusionsWe suggested against “watch and wait” to reverse the DOAC effect in hip fractures. Further work is required to assess the optimal timing for surgery as well as the use of plasma products or specific antidotes in DOAC-taking hip fracture patients.     

高频超声与BALP对婴幼儿期佝偻病诊断价值的对比研究

目的 :对比研究高频超声与骨碱性磷酸酶 (BALP)在婴幼儿期佝偻病中的诊断价值。方法 :对同组婴幼儿进行高频超声与BALP两种检查 ,将检查结果进行对比 ;同时比较分析两种方法各自的方法学特点。结果 :同组婴幼儿经高频超声与BALP检查后 ,分别将每位婴幼儿体内钙营养水平评判为正常、亚临床期或临床期佝偻病 ,两次检查结果进行一致性检验 ,结果为两者具有高度一致性 (P <0 . 0 1 )。在检查过程中 ,两种方法均显示了各自的优、缺点。结论 :高频超声与骨碱性磷酸酶 (BALP)在诊断婴幼儿期佝偻病中具有高度一致性 ,在方法学上高频超声显示出较高优越性 ,可以成为婴幼儿期佝偻病的常规检查方法。