Using Anatomic Landmarks to Locate Schöttle’s Point Was Accurate Without Fluoroscopy During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the anatomic landmarks of Schöttle’s point and establish a locating method for identification.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2016, patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for patellofemoral instability were enrolled. Inclusion criteria: at least 2 episodes of patellar dislocation. Exclusion criteria: previous knee surgeries, open physes, severe trochlear dysplasia， tibial tuberosity lateralization, or patella alta. Group A: From January 2013 to December 2013, preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images were obtained. Anatomic features of Schöttle’s point were measured on the 3D-CT images. A Schöttle’s point locating method with 2 distinct landmarks was established. Group B: From January 2014 to January 2016, consecutive MPFL reconstructions were performed. The placement of Schöttle’s point was following the established method without fluoroscopy. The accuracy of femoral tunnel positions was assessed on the 3D-CT images postoperatively.ResultsCT images of 53 knees were obtained in group A. Forty-seven MPFL reconstructions were performed in group B. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups regarding to demographic characteristics. The intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent for all measures (r = 0.97). In group A, Schöttle’s point was 8.1 ± 0.2 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7-8.5) distal to the apex of the adductor tubercle and 8.0 ± 0.3 mm (95% CI, 7.4-8.6) anterior to the posterior edge. Apex of the adductor tubercle was defined as the most convex point, and posterior edge was defined as the edge of the posteromedial cortex in the transition area between the medial condyle and femoral shaft. In group B, 44 of 47 femoral tunnels (93.6%) were considered localized in the proper zone.ConclusionsSchöttle’s point was approximately 8 mm distal to the apex of the adductor tubercle and 8 mm from the posterior edge. Schöttle’s point locating method without fluoroscopy had high accuracy.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, case series.     

Analysis of fractured dental implant body from five different implant systems: a long-term retrospective study

The aim of this study was to perform an analysis of the incidence of implant body fracture and to identify possible risk factors. A long-term follow-up retrospective evaluation of 3477 patients who received 8588 implants from five implant systems was performed. Overall, 2810 patients who received 7502 implants, with an average follow-up of 6.9 years, were included in the analysis. The overall body fracture rate was 0.49% (37/7502), among which 32.4% (12/37) were implants with a reduced diameter. The estimated cumulative fracture rate was 1.24%. Fractures were observed in two patients with three Brånemark implants, 13 patients with 15 Nobel Replace implants, eight patients with eight Camlog implants, eight patients with 11 Ankylos implants, and none of the patients with Thommen implants. Most fractures occurred in the molar region (29/37) and in single implant-supported restorations (30/37). The results showed significant differences between splinted and unsplinted restorations (P = 0.005) and between regular and narrow diameter implants (P = 0.009). Within the limitations of this retrospective analysis, a narrow implant diameter is a potential risk factor for implant body fracture in the posterior region. Furthermore, unsplinted restorations appear to be associated with a higher rate of implant fracture.     

Using Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in managing different types of pain in different age groups and to provide evidence for the clinical application of new alternative strategy for pain management.MethodsElectronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science, were searched for studies published up to October 2020. Randomized controlled trials that reported on VR for pain management were included.ResultsA total of 31 randomized controlled trials were included. As for the pain intensity, the increase of visual analog scale score in the VR group was 1.62 scores less than that in the control group. In juvenile patients, the VR group had 1.79 scores lower than that in control group. For adult patients, the VR group had 1.34 scores lower than that in control group. As for other pain-related indicators, the VR group had lower levels of anxiety, lower pain unpleasantness, lower pulse rate, and shorter duration of dressing change and spent less time thinking about pain. Nevertheless, there was no statistical difference in pain tolerance. VR can effectively alleviate acute pain. In terms of chronic low back pain and cancer-related pain, there was no statistical difference between VR therapy and standard therapy.ConclusionsVR is a feasible alternative therapy for both juveniles and adults in pain management, and it has a greater potential for juveniles. VR can effectively alleviate acute pain. Nevertheless, VR showed little effectiveness in increasing pain tolerance, which may explain in part the ineffectiveness of VR therapy in pain management for chronic pain.     

加速康复外科理念下开放性骨折诊疗规范专家共识

开放性骨折的治疗对于任何创伤骨科医师都是一个挑战。在诸多问题上仍然需要通过研究提供更高等级证据,随着加速康复外科(ERAS)理念的引入以及循证医学的发展,可以在现有基础上做出多方面的改进,以使患者的主观体验及客观治疗效果得到改善。经过全国创伤骨科专家的讨论后达成本共识,为在急诊情况下处理开放性骨折提供参考。