特殊丰富环境对长期入住护理医院老年人抑郁状态和生活质量的影响研究

目的 探讨特殊丰富环境对于长期入住护理医院老年人抑郁状态的影响。方法 选取长期入住我院且符合简版老年抑郁量表（GDS 15）评分标准的74例≥60周岁老人,随机分为特殊丰富环境组（36例）和传统丰富环境组（38例）。传统丰富环境组每天训练1次,每次1小时,每周训练5天,持续12周;特殊丰富环境组在传统丰富环境训练的基础上,强调训练内容的趣味性、个性化与主动参与的重要性,每天训练1次,每次1小时,每周训练5天,持续12周。于治疗前1周、治疗4周、治疗12周、治疗结束3个月的随访进行评估。结果 两组干预12周,特殊丰富环境组的生活质量指数（QOLI）评分较治疗前有所改善（P<0.05）;老年抑郁量表（GDS 15）评分较干预前有所改善（P<0.05）;干预后12周、治疗结束3个月的随访,特殊丰富环境组的GDS 15评分较传统丰富环境组有所改善(P<0.05）;特殊丰富环境组在治疗4周、12周、治疗结束3个月QOLI评分与传统丰富环境组相比均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 特殊丰富环境可以有效的改善长期住院老人的抑郁状态和生活质量。     

组织弹性成像鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的价值评估

目的评价组织弹性成像技术在鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿块中的价值.方法用组织弹性成像技术对175名患者的184个乳腺肿块进行良恶性的鉴别诊断,并与术后的病理结果进行对照.结果组织弹性成像技术对乳腺肿块的良恶性鉴别诊断准确性、灵敏度和特异度分别为78.8%(145/184),76.1%(51/67)和80.3%(94/117).结论组织弹性成像为超声鉴别诊断良恶性乳腺肿块提供了一个新的手段.尽管可能会增加一定数量的假阳性,但更重要的是弹性成像能有效地减少假阴性的发生.     

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on TLRs in acne lesions and keratinocytes co-cultured with P. acnes

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs) in human keratinocytes and its role in acne treatment.MethodsTLR2 and TLR4 expression in acne lesions before and after ALA-PDT were examined by immunohistochemical assay. Primary keratinocytes were obtained from acne lesions, co-cultured with P. acnes and then treated with ALA-PDT using red or blue LED. Cytokines production were examined by ELISA, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression by real-time PCR, and TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression by Western-blot assay.ResultsThe overexpression of TLR2 and TLR4 in acne lesion were detected, which became negative or weaker after ALA-PDT. The infection of P. acnes in keratinocytes could significantly increase the levels of early inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1α, TNF-α and IL-8) (P < 0.05). Such responses could be inhibited by ALA-PDT. P. acnes infection could also significantly increase TLR2 and TLR4 expressions in keratinocytes (P < 0.05), which could be down-regulated by ALA-PDT.ConclusionsALA-PDT could inhibit innate immune responses in keratinocytes treated with P. acnes via TLRs pathways.     

Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans biofilms: An in vitro study

BackgroundIn this study, the photoinactivation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been investigated on Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.MethodsAfter culture and proliferation of Candida albicans biofilms in vitro, the metabolic activity was confirmed using XTT reduction assay. Then, the suitable incubation time and concentration of ALA were determined by measuring PpIX accumulation quantities. Photosensitivity of the biofilms treated with ALA solution was studied in optical doses of 50, 100, 200 and 300 J/cm² while light irradiation was applied by a red light semiconductor. Finally, rapid immunofluorescence staining method using the LIVE/DEAD FungaLight Yeast Viability Kit and XTT assay were conducted to visualize and quantify the antifungal effect of ALA-PDT on Candida albicans biofilms.ResultsA 5 h incubation time and 15 mM ALA concentration were determined for this study. Photoinactivation of ALA-PDT on Candida albicans biofilms showed a significant increase of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the biofilms. The metabolic activity of Candida albicans biofilms tread with ALA-PDT confirmed the inhibition efficacy compared with control groups. Upon radiation at 300 J/cm², cells in Candida albicans biofilms were 74.45% inhibited.ConclusionsPpIX can be absorbed in biofilm-grown Candida albicans in vitro and under appropriate parameters, photochemistry can be triggered by light in combination with ALA and inhibits Candida albicans biofilms effectively.     

Increased IL-10/IL-17 ratio is aggravated along with the prognosis of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

ObjectiveThis study is to investigate the association between the Treg/Th17 cells and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).MethodsTotally 50 CLL patients and 20 Health controls were included in this study. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and the cell subset secreting IL-17 (Th17) in peripheral blood were detected with flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-17 were determined with ELISA, and expression of Foxp3 and RORγt was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsTreg and Th17 cell proportions in peripheral blood in the CLL patients were significantly higher than control. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-17, and expression of Foxp3 and RORγt, were significantly increased in the CLL patients. Ratios of Treg/Th17 and IL-10/IL-17 were significantly elevated in the CLL patients. Compared with those before treatment, Treg/Th17 and IL-10/IL-17 ratios were declined in the CLL patients in remission. Compared with the non-remission group, Treg cells were significantly decreased, while Th17 cells were significantly increased, resulting in decreased Treg/Th17 ratio, in the remission group. Moreover, the serum IL-10 level was significantly decreased, while the serum IL-17 level was significantly increased, resulting in declined IL-10/IL-17 ratio, in the remission group. Correlation analysis showed that, Treg and Th17 cell counts were significantly associated with CD38 and ZAP-70 expression in the CLL patients. Moreover, the IL-10/IL-17 ratio was also significantly associated with CLL prognostic factors.ConclusionAltered Treg/Th17 and IL-10/IL-17 ratios in CLL would be aggravated along with the disease progression, which might be used as indicators for the disease prognosis.     

In-shoe plantar pressure distribution and lower extremity muscle activity patterns of backward compared to forward running on a treadmill

ObjectiveBackward locomotion in humans occurs during leisure, rehabilitation, and competitive sports. Little is known about its general biomechanical characteristics and how it affects lower extremity loading as well as muscle coordination. Thus, the purpose of this research was to analyze in-shoe plantar pressure patterns and lower extremity muscle activity patterns for backward compared to forward running.MethodsOn a treadmill, nineteen runners performed forward running at their individually preferred speed, followed by backward running at 70% of their self-selected forward speed. In-shoe plantar pressures of nine foot regions and muscular activity of nine lower extremity muscles were recorded simultaneously over a one-minute interval. Backward and forward running variables were averaged over the accumulated steps and compared with Wilcoxon-signed rank tests (p < .05).ResultsFor backward compared to forward running, in-shoe plantar pressure distribution showed a load increase under metatarsal heads I and II, as well as under the medial midfoot. This was indicated by higher maximum forces and peak pressures, and by longer contact times. Muscle activity showed significantly higher mean amplitudes during backward running in the semitendinosus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and gluteus medius during stance, and in the rectus femoris during swing phase, while significantly lower mean amplitudes were observed in the tibialis anterior during swing phase.ConclusionObservations indicate plantar foot loading and muscle activity characteristics that are specific for the running direction. Thus, backward running may be used on purpose for certain rehabilitation tasks, aiming to strengthen respective lower extremity muscles. Furthermore, the findings are relevant for sport specific backward locomotion training. Finally, results provide an initial baseline for innovative athletic footwear development aiming to increase comfort and performance during backward running.     

The effects of predictability on inter-limb postural synchronization prior to bouts of postural instability

Anticipatory balance control optimizes balance reactions to postural perturbations. Predictive control is dependent on the ability of the central nervous system to modulate gain in accordance with specific task demands. Inter-limb synchronization is a sensitive measure of individual limb contributions to balance control and may reflect the coordination of gain modulation in preparation for instability. The purpose of the study was to determine whether gain modulation in advance of predictable bouts of instability was reflected in the extent of inter-limb synchronization. Two adjacent force plates were used to collect center of pressure (COP) data from 12 healthy young adults (27.5 ± 3.4 years). Participants prepared for internal and external balance perturbations using a cueing paradigm with three auditory warning tones followed by an imperative tone. Perturbations were delivered in blocked and randomized conditions with two perturbation magnitudes (small and large). Inter-limb synchrony was calculated using the cross-correlation function of the COP excursions from the left and right foot for three seconds prior to perturbation onset in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) direction. Inter-limb synchrony decreased in the AP and ML directions as perturbation magnitude became more unpredictable. The need to take a step or not knowing whether a step was required prior to postural instability reduced ML inter-limb synchrony. No differences were found between internal and external perturbations. Modulation of postural set was evident in the extent of inter-limb synchrony.     

吸烟的慢性阻塞性肺病患者外周血中性粒细胞Bak mRNA的表达

 目的 探讨吸烟的慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者外周血Bak基因表达异常及其与COPD发病的关系。方法 入选者包括健康对照组（不吸烟者10例、吸烟者14例）和轻中度吸烟COPD患者9例。使用Percoll非连续密度梯度沉降法分离人外周血中性粒细胞,使用real-time PCR来检测外周血中性粒细胞中Bak mRNA的表达水平。结果 相对于健康对照组,轻中度COPD患者外周血中性粒细胞中的Bak mRNA水平（0.88±0.38）明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;吸烟健康者外周血中性粒细胞中Bak mRNA水平（1.23±0.29）低于不吸烟健康者（1.33±0.38）,但差异无统计学意义;Bak mRNA水平与FEV1/预计值%、FEV1/FVC%均呈正相关,相关系数r分别为0.438 8（P<0.05）和0.432 1（P<0.05）。结论 Bak基因表达异常可能与COPD发病有一定关系。Bak mRNA水平与临床肺功能之间有明显相关性,推测可能与COPD的严重程度相关。     

光化学法诱导兔视网膜动脉阻塞模型的建立

 目的 探讨应用倍频532 nm激光通过光化学法建立视网膜动脉阻塞（retinal artery occlusion,RAO）动物模型的可行性。方法 健康成年新西兰白兔10只,自耳缘静脉注入5%孟加拉红,应用倍频532 nm激光通过光化学法制备RAO模型,并于1 h、24 h、3 d行直接眼底镜、眼底照相和眼底荧光血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）检查;3 d后将实验兔以空气栓塞法处死,摘除眼球行组织学检查。结果 9只实验眼经直接眼底镜观察和FFA检查证实建立RAO,眼球组织切片光镜下检查可见视网膜动脉内血栓,血管壁基本完整。结论 应用用倍频532 nm激光通过光化学法能成功建立兔RAO模型,且组织学检查证实动脉血栓形成同时并无明显的血管壁损伤;此方法成功率高、安全性好、重复性好,可作为探索RAO治疗方法的试验动物模型。