三磷酸肌醇受体/钙调神经磷酸酶信号通路激活致心肌肥厚的研究

目的 研究激活心肌细胞三磷酸肌醇受体（IP3R）是否触发钙调神经磷酸酶（CaN)介导的心肌肥厚信号通路。方法 培养Wistar乳鼠心肌细胞检测心肌细胞蛋白和核酸合成，细胞内钙变化，CaN，活化T细胞核因子3（NFAT3）及锌指转录因子（GATA4），胚胎基因（α-actin,β-MHC）及即刻早期基因（c-fos,c-myc)表达。结果 给予IP3能时间和剂量依赖性也增加心肌细胞蛋白和核酸合成，能明显致心肌细胞内钙增加；IP3刺激心肌细胞IP3受体，能明显激活心肌细胞CaN/NFAT3/GATA4信号通路，促使心肌细胞的早期即刻基因和胚胎基因表达。结论 激活IP3R介导的CaN/NFAT3/GATA4信号通路能显地促使心肌细胞肥大，这条信号通路不同于已知的G蛋白偶联受体介导的心肌肥厚信号转导途径。     

无创辅助通气联合氦氧混合气治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征疗效和安全性的系统评价和Meta分析

目的系统评价无创通气(NIV)联合氦氧混合气(heliox)治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的有效性及安全性,以期为临床应用提供证据。方法计算机检索OVID、EMBASE、Pub Med、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库及万方数据库,检索时间均为建库至2014年12月,纳入NIV联合heliox与NIV联合标准医疗气体(空氧混合气)为对照的RCT文献或半随机对照试验。以气管插管率、Pa CO2和heliox相关不良事件为主要结局指标,以支气管肺发育不良等并发症发生率、NIV持续时间、住院时间等为次要结局指标。采用Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果 3篇文献进入系统评价,共纳入123例早产儿。2篇文献随机化方法和分配隐藏为低度偏倚,3篇文献的结果数据均完整,均未选择性报告结果,但均未提及盲法实施。1与标准医疗气体比较,heliox显著降低了气管插管率(RR=0.42,95%CI:0.23~0.78)和Pa CO2水平(MD=-9.61 mm Hg,95%CI:-15.76~-3.45 mm Hg)。23篇文献均未观察到heliox相关的不良事件。3支气管肺发育不良、动脉导管未闭、早产儿视网膜病变和坏死性小肠结肠炎等并发症的发生率,两组差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与标准医疗气体相比,NIV联合heliox可显著改善通气,并降低气管插管率。鉴于本研究样本量有限,NIV联合heliox的临床价值尚需大样本RCT进行验证。     

离子色谱法测定实验动物环境空气中的氨

目的 建立一种用抑制电导离子色谱仪测定实验动物环境空气中氨的方法。方法 以稀硫酸作为吸收液采集空气中的氨,使氨在吸收液中转化为铵离子,选用抑制型电导检测器,CS12A阳离子分析柱,以甲磺酸作为淋洗液,通过测定吸收液中的铵离子的含量来计算空气中氨的浓度。结果 铵离子在0~1.00 μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性(r=0.9991),方法精密度高(RSD<6.38%),最低检出浓度为0.012 mg/m³,方法的平均回收率98.8%。结论 该法操作简便,无干扰离子影响,可作为实验动物环境空气中氨的测定方法。     

急性肺损伤血栓素A2受体,受体mRNA的变化及拮抗剂酚红对它？…

目的 研究急性肺损伤（ＡＬＩ）肺组织特异性膜受体（ＴＸＡ２Ｒ）的变化及受体拮抗剂酚红对它们的影响，从分子水平阐明血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）在ＡＬＩ中的作用机制。方法 采用大鼠油酸肺损伤模型，分析后６小时肺组织ＴＸＡ２Ｒ、ＴＸＡ２ＲｍＲＮＡ表达的变化以及酚红（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对它们的影响。结果 油酸肺损伤后肺组织ＴＸＡ２Ｒ结合容量明显“降低”，其ｍＲＮＡ的转录显升高。酚红的应用使ＴＸＡ２     

老年高血压病和糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的临床研究

目的　研究老年高血压病、糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的特征。方法　 82例住院患者分为高血压病组 (EH ,2 2例 )、糖尿病合并高血压病组 (DM EH ,4 6例 )、糖尿病组 (DM ,14例 ) ,比较 3组患者血脂改变及颈动脉超声检测结果。结果　DM组和DM EH组患者血浆TG水平均明显升高。DM组和DM EH组颈动脉阻力指数均显著升高 ,3组颈总动脉内膜 中膜厚度明显增厚。DM EH组患者斑块指数较单纯EH组明显增高。结论　老年高血压合并糖尿病者 ,并发颈动脉粥样硬化的危险性明显增加。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关肝细胞癌发病机制研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是目前临床上最常见的慢性肝病之一,NAFLD相关肝细胞癌（NAFLD-HCC）的发病率也逐年上升。众多因素参与了NAFLD-HCC的发生发展,但其具体的发病机制还不清楚。本文重点介绍近年有关其发病机制的研究进展。     

重庆市艾滋病分子流行病学调查

目的 对重庆市艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)进行分子流行病学调查,为重庆市乃至全国的艾滋病预防控制工作提供有价值的资料。方法 传统流行病学与分子流行病学方法相结合,对重庆市HIV/AIDS的疫情特征进行分析,对重庆市HIV毒株作基因序列分析,总结其传播途径与亚型之间的关系,分析不同亚型在重庆市流行的时间及变异程度,并提出预防控制工作重点。结果 目前重庆市HIV感染率达11.7/10万,女性感染者比例高于全国平均水平;重庆市流行毒株有B’、C、E、G4种亚型,C亚型占优势,G亚型为全国首次发现。结论 重庆市艾滋病流行形势严峻,迫切需要深入开展研究,并在高危人群中开展行为干预措施。     

Ultra-Early Induction of General Anesthesia for Reducing Rebleeding Rates in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

ObjectiveRebleeding of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is one of the significant risk factors for poor clinical outcome. The rebleeding risk is the highest during the acute phase with an approximate rebleeding rate of 9-17% within the first 24 h. Theoretically, general anesthesia can stabilize a patient's vital signs; however, its effectiveness as initial management for preventing post-aSAH rebleeding remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of ultra-early general anesthesia induction for reducing the rebleeding rates among patients with aSAH.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with aSAH who were admitted to our department between January 2013 and December 2019. All the patients underwent ultra-early general anesthesia induction as initial management regardless of their severity. We evaluated the rebleeding rate before definitive treatment, factors influencing rebleeding, and general anesthesia complications.ResultsWe included 191 patients with two-third of them having a poor clinical grade (World Federation of Neurological Society [WFNS] grade IV or V). The median duration from admission to general anesthesia induction was 22 min. Rebleeding before definitive treatment occurred in nine patients (4.7%). There were significant differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale score (p = 0.047), WFNS grade (p = 0.02), and dissecting aneurysm (p <0.001) between the rebleeding and non-rebleeding patients. There were no cases of unsuccessful tracheal intubation or rebleeding during general anesthesia induction.ConclusionUltra-early general anesthesia induction could be performed safely in patients with aSAH, regardless of the WFNS grade; moreover, it resulted in lower rebleeding rate than that reported in previous epidemiological reports.     

The roles of LSD1-mediated epigenetic modifications in maintaining the pluripotency of bladder cancer stem cells

Bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) may be the source for tumorigenesis, recurrence, and resistance to treatment of bladder carcinoma. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays crucial roles in the pluripotency maintenance of embryonic and cancer stem cells through the epigenetical modification of the associated genes, such as the regulation of bivalent domain at regulatory region of the developmental genes. It has also been found that LSD1 expression is elevated in clinical bladder cancer tissues compared with in normal tissues, and LSD1 knock down could significantly result in the suppression of bladder cancer cell line proliferation. Furthermore, results from our unpublished study showed that elevated levels of LSD1 are highly associated with the grades of the cancers, and more interestingly, LSD1 was mainly presented in the basal layer of bladder carcinoma tissue, co-localizing with BCSCs. Thus we hypothesized that LSD1 is mainly expressed in BCSCs in bladder cancer tissues, and LSD1-mediated epigenetic modification of the developmental genes may play important roles in maintaining pluripotency of BCSCs. LSD1 may become a reliable prognostic indicator and could serve as a molecular target in bladder cancer therapy.