基于CT增强对肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病和胃肠道间质瘤的鉴别诊断

目的探讨肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病（MAF）与胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的CT鉴别特征。 方法回顾性分析53例经病理证实的MAF（14例）和GIST（39例）的CT表现。对病灶的位置、形态和边界、强化方式、病灶内坏死、血管和空气、钙化等征象进行分析。测量长径（LD）、短径（SD）、CT值,并计算LD/SD比值、强化程度。采用t检验和受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线确定有意义的CT征象。当使用单一或多个CT特征时,计算敏感度和特异度。 结果MAF多位于胃肠道外（χ²=10.437,P=0.001）、卵圆形或不规则形（χ²=9.192,P=0.004）、强化均匀（χ²=12.458,P=0.000）、病灶内无坏死（χ²=6.632,P=0.014）及强化程度低（静脉期增加CT值约23.9±8.2 HU）。当联合强化均匀和LD/SD比值诊断MAF的敏感度和特异度分别为92.9%和97.4%。 结论胃肠外肠系膜、卵圆形或不规则形、均匀强化、病灶内无坏死、LD/SD≥1.19、动脉期强期增加CT值≤22 HU、静脉期强期增加CT值≤31 HU等7个CT指标有助于鉴别MAF与GIST。     

轮状病毒动物感染模型研究进展

建立动物模型对于疾病致病机理、疫苗研制、药物筛选都具有重要意义。疾病动物模型的建立不仅与病原体的特性有关,还涉及到动物的种类。至今,用于轮状病毒感染的动物模型尚且不多,具有敏感性又适用于大多数毒株的,能完全模拟人的致病过程的实验动物还不确定,给轮状病毒疫苗及治疗药物的研发带来了很大的不便。为推进寻求理想的轮状病毒实验动物模型,查阅近几年国内外关于轮状病毒感染动物模型种类、利用轮状病毒感染动物模型进行的相关实验研究进展以及相关的文献报道,并对其进行了总结分析,为将来可能的优化、选择轮状病毒感染动物模型提供理论参考依据。     

高等级病原微生物实验室在生物医药领域的应用研究

目的：介绍烈性传染病病原体的诊断试剂、疫苗、治疗药物的研发和评价基本情况,突出高等级病原微生物实验室作为科技支撑和产业成果转化的重要作用,阐释高等级病原微生物实验室在生物医药领域的广阔应用前景。方法：分析国内外应对烈性传染病流行的重要措施,梳理高等级病原微生物实验室在诊断试剂、疫苗、治疗药物的研发和评价中发挥的重要作用,阐明提前布局医药产业发展、强化高等级实验室能力建设的方法。结果与结论：应充分发挥高等级病原微生物实验室在生物医药领域的基础设施作用,提前布局我国新发突发传染病病原体的检测鉴定、预防控制、药物治疗的前瞻性技术储备。这是应对SARS、MERS、EBHF、COVID-19等高致病性新发突发传染病引发的全球重大公共卫生问题的重要保障,也是有效防范化解生物安全风险,筑牢国家安全的重要举措。高等级病原微生物实验室在生物医药领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

蛭类转录组中EST-SSR分析及抗凝血相关分子标记的挖掘

目的对蛭类转录组进行SSR分析,是开发功能分子标记、开展对药用蛭类资源的开发利用及进行遗传背景监测的必要手段。方法利用与医学密切相关的医蛭科棒纹牛蛭Poecilobdella javanica和日本医蛭Hirudo nipponia、黄蛭科宽体金线蛭Whitmania pigra和山蛭科洞穴山蛭Heamadipsa cavatuses sp.nov.共14个样本,通过RNA测序及转录组分析,筛选吸血差异unigene,并比较4个种的SSR标记特征和分布,用于挖掘抗凝血相关功能EST-SSR。结果通过SSR密度分析发现,SSR在棒纹牛蛭、日本医蛭、宽体金线蛭和洞穴山蛭转录组中的间隔长度为4 723、6 026、8 059、8 144 bp;SSR组成分析发现三碱基重复的基序占蛭类SSR类型组成中绝大多数;另外,洞穴山蛭的SSR组成与其他3种存在明显区别。比较4种吸血蛭吸血前后转录组中表达丰度显著差异的unigene群,发现4种蛭中包含SSR且抗凝血相关的重叠unigene类群在转录组中呈较高的片段多态性。结论 unigene片段长度、SSR的密度、组成和分布特点能反映物种之间的分类关系;4种蛭重叠的抗凝血相关分子功能对应的EST-SSR,可作为抗凝血相关的功能分子标记侯选EST-SSR。     

Gnaq对SH-SY5Y细胞增殖的作用及机制

［摘要］目的　研究G蛋白α亚基Gnaq对人神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH-SY5Y增殖的影响及其可能机制．方法　利用慢病毒转染技术在SH-SY5Y细胞中过表达Gnaq,利用荧光显微镜检测转染效率,利用逆转录PCR检测过表达后Gnaq的转录水平,利用MTT技术检测过表达Gnaq后细胞增殖速率的变化,同时利用免疫印迹实验检测转录因子NF-κB的表达水平的变化,分析Gnaq影响SH-SY5Y细胞增殖速率的可能机制．结果 （1）慢病毒载体对SH-SY5Y细胞的转染效率达（97.60±2.14）%;（2）过表达Gnaq基因后,SH-SY5Y细胞中的Gnaq转录水平明显升高,细胞的增殖速率明显加快,NF-κB表达水平明显上调（P＜0.05）．结论　Gnaq基因通过调节NF-κB信号通路而对SH-SY5Y细胞发挥明显的促增殖作用．     

Barriers and facilitators to pressure injury prevention in hospitals: A mixed methods systematic review

ObjectiveTo systematically synthesize research evidence on barriers and facilitators to pressure injury prevention in hospital settings.MethodsA systematic literature review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research was undertaken using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Studies that reported barriers or/and facilitators to pressure injury prevention in the acute care settings and published in English from 2008 to 2022 were included. Studies were excluded if they were conducted in residential care facilities and nursing homes, or other long-term community care settings. Two authors independently screened articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted by two authors by using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Reported results were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify the barriers and facilitators to pressure injury prevention.ResultsA total of 78 studies were included. There were 65 quantitative studies, 11 qualitative studies, and two mix-methods studies. The most salient Theoretical Domains Framework domains identified in this review were “Knowledge”, “Skills”, “Environmental Context and Resources”, “Optimism”, “Social/Professional Role and Identity”, and “Social influences”.ConclusionThe barriers and facilitators to pressure injury prevention in hospital settings identified in this systematic review were diverse, and included issues at both individual and organizational level. Healthcare organizations can address the barriers and facilitators from the influential Theoretical Domains Framework domains. Future research is required to investigate the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions that specifically target these barriers and facilitators to pressure injury prevention.     

“宣威”多结节非小细胞肺癌驱动基因突变分析

目的：探讨多结节非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中的驱动基因突变情况与临床病理特征的关系,为多结节NSCLC患者治疗提供分子诊断依据。方法：本研究共纳入2018年1月至2023年10月间云南省肿瘤医院分子诊断中心检测的121例多结节NSCLC患者的253个肺结节肿瘤组织标本,以第二代测序（NGS）技术或扩增阻滞突变系统PCR(ARMS-PCR)技术检测多结节NSCLC组织中驱动基因突变情况,分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系,比较不同结节间肺癌驱动基因的突变异质性。结果：与非“宣威”NSCLC相比,“宣威”多结节NSCLC患者驱动基因突变具有显著的地域特点,表现在“宣威”患者具有较低（20%）的EGFR敏感突变（L858R、19-del）及较高（27.26%）的EGFR少见突变（主要为G719/S768I、G719）;“宣威”多结节NSCLC患者的KRAS突变率（27.27%）亦显著高于非“宣威”患者突变率（12.59%）(P<0.05)。此外,“宣威”多结节NSCLC患者驱动基因突变不一致率高达69.23%,远高于非“宣威”患者驱动基因突变不一致率（55.07%）(P<0.05...     

Detection of Mycoplasma fermentans DNA from lymph nodes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients

Biopsy samples from seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were screened for Mycoplasma fermentans, M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium infection by the polymerase chain reaction. M. fermentans DNA was detected in four patients. Various tissues were evaluated and the mycoplasma were mainly detected from lymph nodes. Moreover, mycoplasma genus-specific DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals (two of 31 HIV-infected individuals). These data suggest that mycoplasma infection in AIDS patients is not uncommon.