Protective effect of nitric oxide on hepatopulmonary syndrome from ischemia-reperfusion injury

AIM: To evaluate immunological protection of nitric oxide (NO) in hepatopulmonary syndrome and probable mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rat liver transplantation.METHODS: Sixty-six healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (11 donor/recipient pairs). In group II, organ preservation solution was lactated Ringer’s solution with heparin 10  000/μL at 4 °C. In groups I and III, the preservation solution added, respectively, L-arginine or N^G-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (1 mmol/L) based on group II, and recipients were injected with L-arginine or L-NAME (50 mg/kg) in the anhepatic phase. Grafted livers in each group were stored for 6 h and implanted into recipients. Five rats were used for observation of postoperative survival in each group. The other six rats in each group were used to obtain tissue samples, and executed at 3 h and 24 h after transplantation. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and NO metabolites (NOx) were detected, and expression of NO synthase, TNF-α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was examined by triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase histochemical and immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: By supplementing L-arginine to strengthen the NO pathway, a high survival rate was achieved and hepatic function was improved. One-week survival rate of grafted liver recipients in group I was significantly increased (28.8 ± 36.6 d vs 4 ± 1.7 d, P < 0.01) as compared with groups II and III. Serum levels of ALT in group I were 2-7 times less than those in groups II and III (P < 0.01). The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in liver tissue and NOx in group I were 3-4 times higher than those of group II after 3 h and 24 h reperfusion, while in group III, they were significantly reduced as compared with those in group II (P < 0.01). The levels of TNF-α in group I were significantly lower than in group II after 3 h and 24 h reperfusion (P < 0.01), while being significantly higher in group III than group II (P < 0.01). Histopathology revealed more severe tissue damage in graft liver and lung tissues, and a more severe inflammatory response of the recipient after using NO synthase inhibitor, while the pathological damage to grafted liver and the recipient’s lung tissues was significantly reduced in group I after 3 h and 24 h reperfusion. A small amount of constitutive NO synthase (cNOS) was expressed in liver endothelial cells after 6 h cold storage, but there was no expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Expression of cNOS was particularly significant in vascular endothelial cells and liver cells at 3 h and 24 h after reperfusion in group II, but expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 was low in group I. There was diffuse strong expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in group III at 3 h after reperfusion.CONCLUSION: The NO/cGMP pathway may be critical in successful organ transplantation, especially in treating hepatopulmonary syndrome during cold IR injury in rat orthotopic liver transplantation.     

Ghrelin在食管腺癌、Barrett’s食管黏膜中的表达

目的:研究Ghrelin在食管腺癌、Barrett’s食管(barrett esophagus,BE)和正常食管黏膜中的表达.方法:选取30例食管腺癌患者、35例BE患者及35例健康对照,所有受试者均行胃镜检查,记录内镜下表现,在食管部位四象限活检取材,标本经10%甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,连续切片,分别用于改良HE染色及免疫组织化学,采用免疫组织化学方法检测Ghrelin在食管黏膜组织中的表达水平.结果:Ghrelin在食管腺癌组食管黏膜中的表达水平低于健康对照组和BE组,在BE组食管黏膜中的表达高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(1.34±0.51vs4.86±0.82vs3.54±0.79,F=27.21,P<0.05).食管腺癌组中,Ghrelin在中高分化腺癌患者食管黏膜的表达水平高于低分化腺癌,差异有统计学意义(Z=4.60,P<0.05).结论:Ghrelin在BE、食管腺癌黏膜中的表达不同,提示了Ghrelin在食管癌变前和癌变后的变化.食管腺癌组织恶变过程中其Ghrelin的分泌机制发生了改变,且与食管腺癌细胞分化程度有关.     

急性重症心肌炎误诊为急性心肌梗死1例

1临床资料患者,女性,43岁。因"受凉后反复咳嗽、发热3 d,心前区疼痛1 d"来诊。3 d前患者受凉后出现发热,最高体温达39.5℃,咳嗽,咯少许痰,全身酸痛、乏力、多汗。1 d前突发心前区刀割样痛,伴大汗,心悸,胸闷,持续不缓解,来诊。体检:T 36.8℃,P 120次/min,R 23次/min,BP 130/85 mmHg。     

小梁网细胞氧化应激在青光眼发病中的研究进展

青光眼是一种常见的不可逆性致盲眼病,病理性眼压升高为主要临床特征。眼压的形成与房水循环密切相关,房水动力学异常,会引起病理性眼压升高。小梁网是房水外流通道的主要组成部分,对维持正常眼压起到非常关键的作用。氧化应激是导致青光眼眼压升高的直接危险因素,表现为氧化与抗氧化作用的失衡。小梁网细胞氧化应激可能导致细胞外基质的沉积与退行性变,使细胞发生自噬和衰老,造成小梁网细胞功能障碍,最终导致房水外流阻力增大,引起病理性眼压升高。本文将针对小梁网细胞氧化应激与青光眼关系的研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步的临床研究提供依据,为探讨青光眼的发病机制、预防及治疗青光眼提供参考。     

急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉循环血清高肌钙蛋白T含量变化及意义

目的研究急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清高敏肌钙蛋白T（hs-TnT）含量在冠状动脉循环中的变化。方法分别测定AMI患者与对照组冠状静脉窦、冠状动脉与外周血清中hs-TnT浓度。结果AMI患者冠状静脉窦、冠状动脉与外周静脉血清中hs-TnT浓度（μg／L）较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义（1．2842±1．0935比O．0069±0．0052、0．8594±0．7908比0．0072±0．0049、0．6682±0．7636比O．0068±O．0045）（P均〈0．01）。AMI患者冠状静脉窦血清hs-TnT浓度（μg／L）较冠状动脉血清hs-TnT明显升高,差异有统计学意义（1．2842±1．0935比0．8594±0．7908）（P〈0．01）。结论AMI患者外周静脉、冠状动脉和冠状静脉窦血清hs-TnT浓度明显升高,以冠状静脉窦血清ha-TnT升高最明显。     

外伤前牙即刻种植美学修复的临床研究

目的：观察前牙外伤后即刻种植关学修复的临床效果。方法：前牙外伤根折患者25例,共植入牙种植体36枚,其中21例（30颗）行不翻瓣种植,4例（6颗）行翻瓣骨引导再生种植技术,术后1周行临时粘结桥修复,3个月后行二期手术,制作由种植体支持的螺丝固位型修复体,对种植体周围软组织挤压塑形。戴用时间为3个月左右,使其逐渐达到类似天然牙的穿龈轮廓和外形,之后采用个性化转移杆技术将种植体周围软组织形态精确转移到石膏模型上,制作最终修复体。定期随访1～3年,观察修复体周围软组织美学情况及种植体骨结合状况。结果：所有种植体美学情况良好,均发生了良好的骨结合,种植体存留率100%,患者均较满意。结论：前牙外伤后采用即刻种植关学修复,具有治疗周期短、早期恢复美观及功能等优点,是一种良好的修复方法。     

Treatment of thoracolumbar fracture with pedicle screws at injury level: a biomechanical study based on three-dimensional finite element analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical mechanisms of treatment of thoracolumbar compression fracture with pedicle screws at injury level based on a three-dimensional finite element method. We constructed one three-dimensional finite element model of T11-L1 in a patient with a compression fracture of the T12 vertebral body(anterior edges of vertebral body were compressed to 1/2, and kyphosis Cobb angle was 18.6°) fixed by four pedicle screws and another model fixed by six pedicle screws at the injured vertebrae, and then assigned different forces to the two models to account for axial compression, flexion, extension, left lateral bending, and rightward axial rotation by Ansys software. After different loading forces were applied to the models, we recorded stress measurements on the vertebral pedicle screws, as well as the maximum displacement of T11. The stress distribution suggested that stress concentration was appreciable at the root of the pedicle screws under different loading modalities. Under axial compression, flexion, extension, left lateral bending, and rightward axial rotation load, the stress for the superior screw was significantly greater than the stress for the inferior screw (P < 0.05). The stress in the six pedicle screw fixation model was significantly decreased compared to the four screw interbody fusion model (P < 0.05), but the maximum displacement of T11 between two models under different loadings was not statistically different. The use of pedicle screws at injured vertebral bodies may optimize internal fixation load and reduce the incidence of broken screws.     

Akt/Nrf2 Activated Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 Involves in the Role of Rg1 Against Ferrous Iron-Induced Neurotoxicity in SK-N-SH Cells

Iron accumulation is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Our previous studies have observed that Rg1, a major pharmacologically active ingredient from Ginseng, could protect dopaminergic neurons by reducing nigral iron levels through regulating the expression of iron transporters in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mice. The aim of this study is to investigate other mechanism involved in the cytoprotection of Rg1 against iron-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Significant rescue of Rg1 on cell viability against 100 μM ferrous iron-induced neurotoxicity was observed. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) were observed in Rg1 pretreated group. Moreover, Rg1 pretreatment induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which is upstream of HO-1 expression, and activated PI3K/Akt pathway was also observed in Rg1 pretreated group. This could antagonize iron-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of Rg1 against iron toxicity are attributed to the anti-oxidative properties by activating Akt/Nrf2 pathway and increasing Nrf2-induced expression of HO-1 and Cu/Zn SOD.     

自膨式支架治疗椎-基底动脉巨大夹层动脉瘤

目的探讨自膨式支架治疗椎-基底动脉巨大夹层动脉瘤的方法及效果。方法10例椎-基底动脉巨大夹层动脉瘤均行血管内治疗并随访。结果术后即刻造影显示6例支架植入处血流发生明显改变,夹层扩张处缩小,4例无明显改变。术中无血栓事件及动脉瘤破裂出血,1例出现严重血管痉挛,应用罂粟碱后迅速缓解。临床随访3～30个月,8例头晕病例中有7例症状消失或减轻;7例术前饮水呛咳病例症状消失4例,减轻2例,1例无变化。造影随访10例,其中1例单支架治疗的患者五个月后夹层动脉瘤复发,球囊闭塞椎动脉,8个月后死于脑干衰竭。结论对于椎-基底动脉巨大夹层动脉瘤,采用单支架治疗效果不佳,多支架技术可以缓解症状并可能修复夹层,但其长期疗效有待进一步随访。