压力性尿失禁的病因学研究

目的　绝经后压力性尿失禁 (SUI)患者补充雌激素的临床疗效尚有争议。本研究通过对血雌二醇 (E2 )浓度及子宫韧带的雌激素受体 (ER)的观察 ,分析雌激素与SUI和盆底组织膨出 (POP)发生的关系。方法　绝经前、后对照组、POP组和绝经后SUI组共 5组 73例子宫全切患者 ,免疫组化方法测定主韧带、宫骶韧带ER含量。结果　 ( 1)绝经前POP组血E2 浓度 ( 4 7.2 9pg ml± 38.30pg ml)、韧带ER值明显低于绝经前对照组 (E2 73.83pg ml± 5 2 .72pg ml;ER主韧带9.5 8%± 2 .39% ,ER宫骶韧带11.6 4 %±2 .6 8% ) ,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。 ( 2 )绝经后韧带ER值 :对照组 (ER主韧带10 .89%± 2 .5 4 % ,ER宫骶韧带13.0 9%± 3.0 3% )、POP组 (ER主韧带11.85 %± 2 .89% ,ER宫骶韧带13.2 1%± 3.4 6 % )及SUI组 (ER主韧带9.6 4 %± 5 .0 1% ,ER宫骶韧带11.12 %± 6 .13% )之间无显著差异 ( P >0 .0 5 )。 ( 3)绝经前、后对照组韧带ER值无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。绝经前对照组月经增生期、分泌期韧带ER值无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。血E2 浓度与韧带ER值无相关性。 ( 4 )绝经后对照组绝经时间与主韧带ER值成正相关 ,与宫骶韧带ER值无相关性。绝经后POP组和SUI组主韧带、宫骶韧带ER值与绝经时间成正相关。 ( 5 )各组研究对?     

小剂量阿司匹林对缺血性脑血管病患者血小板聚集功能的影响

目的 :观察小剂量阿司匹林 (ASA)对ICVD患者血小板聚集功能的影响。方法 :用花生四烯酸 (AA ,5 0 0 μmol·L-1)、二磷酸腺苷 (ADP ,5 μmol·L-1)、肾上腺素 (EPN ,5 μmol·L-1)和胶原 (COL ,2 μg·mL-1)做诱导剂检测ICVD患者服用不同剂量ASA组 ( 2 5、5 0和10 0mg·d-1)的血小板聚集率。结果 :各ASA组对AA、COL诱导聚集的变异系数较大。对AA诱导聚集无显著抑制者的比例分别为2 5mg·d-1组 44 4%、5 0mg·d-1组 2 9 6%、10 0mg·d-1组 2 9% ,其中 5 0mg·d-1组中合并糖尿病的例数较显著抑制者中多。结论 :ICVD患者中小剂量ASA作用个体差异较大 ,部分与自身危险因素有关。提示临床中ASA的效果需要实验室检测并应个体化     

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GYNECOLOGIC MALIGNANCES IN PATIENTS 70 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER

Accordingtothedatafromepidemiology,thein-cidenceofcancerrisessteadilywithadvancingage.Age?specificincidenceratesfromtheThirdNationalCancerSurveyoftheUnitedStatesrevealedthattheriskofcancerdevelopmentinthe6thdecadeoflifeisapproximately1%,whichincreasesto2%inthe81styearoflife(1).Theincidencesofmostgyneco-logiccancersincludingcervicalcancer,endometrialcancer,ovariancancerandvulvarcancerpeakaftertheageof60years(2-4).Surgeryisoneofthemaintreatmentoptionsforgynecologiccancerandmaybringaboutsomeeff…     

肢体抖动短暂性脑缺血发作(LS-TIA)的临床及影像

目的 肢体抖动短暂性脑缺血发作（LS-TIA）临床少见,本文旨在提高临床医师对这一症候的认识.方法 总结北京协和医院诊断为肢体抖动短暂性脑缺血发作患者7例,行颈部血管超声、脑电图、头部核磁共振、经颅多普勒超声、核磁血管成像,4例行数字减影血管造影,2例行CT灌注成像检查.结果 均表现为发作性短暂不能控制的抖动,5例发作有明显诱因.全部患者均有抖动肢体对侧至少1条以上颅内和/或颅外动脉重度狭窄或闭塞.头部核磁共振4例显示抖动肢体对侧内分水岭脑梗死.脑电图均未见痫样放电,6例可见病变血管同侧额颞部慢波灶.经扩容和抗血小板聚集或者血管内支架治疗后,所有患者病情稳定.结论 肢体抖动短暂性脑缺血发作通常提示大血管严重的狭窄或闭塞,低灌注是其最可能的发病机制.     

雷帕霉素对炎性反应状态下肾小球系膜细胞内脂质稳态的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rapamycin on cholesterol homeostasis of glomerular mesangial cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Glomerular mesangial cell line (HMCL) cells were cultured and divided into control group, IL-1β group and different concentration rapamycin groups. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation was observed and measured by oil O staining and HPLC. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LDLR, PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 in HMCL after the treatment with IL-1β and rapamycin. Results Rapamycin had no significant influence on intracellular cholesterol concentration under normal condition. IL-1β significantly increased the intracellular cholesterol concentration by 143％ of control (P<0.05), and 10, 50, 100 ?滋g/L rapamycin could significantly inhibit the effect of IL-1β (87％, 116％, 96％ of control respectively, all P<0.05). Rapamycin could suppress the increased expression of LDLR caused by IL-1β on both mRNA and protein level in a dose-dependent manner（P<0.01）. Rapamycin dose-dependently up-regulated the reduced mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1, the decreased mRNA expression of PPARγ and LXRα induced by IL-1β as well (P<0.01）. Conclusion Rapamycin may contribute to the maintenance of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis in glomerular mesangial cells under inflammatory state by both reducing cholesterol uptake and promoting cholesterol efflux.     

多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全38例临床和预后分析

目的研究多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全的临床特点及肾功能可逆性的相关因素和生存相关因素。方法回顾性分析1999-01~2003-12北京协和医院收治的91例初治多发性骨髓瘤及其中38例多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全患者的临床资料。结果91例初治多发性骨髓瘤中有38例(41·8%)合并肾功能不全。合并肾功能不全的患者病程进展更快,贫血更严重,血乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)质量浓度更高,以及尿蛋白量更多,同时对化疗的反应更差及生存时间更短。其中34·2%的患者肾功能不全是可逆的,血肌酐和LDH是肾功能可逆的独立预测因素。肾功能可逆患者的生存时间与肾功能正常患者的生存时间比较差异无显著性意义。Cox生存多因素分析发现肾功能可逆性(B=1·294,EXP(B)=3·647,P=0·001)是与生存惟一相关的因素。结论肾功能不全是多发性骨髓瘤常见并发症,相当一部分患者的肾功能可以恢复正常,血肌酐水平和LDH水平是肾功能可逆的重要因素,肾功能可逆性是独立的生存预后因素。     

固定剂量复合剂治疗肺结核患者依从性调查与分析

Objective To survey and analyse the treatment compliance of fixed-dose combination （FDC）,so as to provide evidences for expending use FDC nationwide. Methods Nine hundred and sixty-six primary smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases registered in 17 counties TB institutions from 4 provinces were randomly divid- ed into experiment and control groups. Compared compliance difference with uniform questionnaires, and analysed compliance changes with time throughout the treatment. Results Nine hundred and sixty-one cases were surveyed at the beginning, 899（93.5% ）preferred receiving treatment. There was significant difference on the percentage who prefer had drugs per day between experiment（86.8% ）and control group（42.1% ）（ P 〈 0.01 ）.At the end of intensive phase, 261（28.3 % ）cases perceived difficulty with the treatment ;213 （23.1% ）cases thought that were the doctors who lead to the insist of treatment.At the end of treatment,only 138 cases（15.5% ）thought that were the doctom who lead to the insist of treatment. Conclusion The compliance of FDC was better than control group. It might increase the compliance when decreasing the number of tablets and should expend used on TB control. The ef- fect of TB doctors decreased through the treatment. More intention should be paid in intense phase.     

输尿管口囊肿的微创手术治疗

目的评价输尿管口囊肿的微创手术治疗方法及其疗效。方法回顾性分析25例行经尿道电切（TURU）手术治疗输尿管口囊肿患者资料。男9例，女16例；年龄18—61岁，平均38岁；单侧18例，双侧7例；单纯输尿管囊肿22例，异位输尿管囊肿3例。结果25例患者手术一次成功22例，手术平均时间15min，术后平均住院3d。术后定期B超、膀胱造影随诊，随诊时间1—9年，3例异位输尿管囊肿合并重复肾、输尿管畸形患者存在术后膀胱输尿管返流，2例再次行开放手术后痊愈。结论TURU是治疗成人输尿管口囊肿的有效方法；当合并存在重复肾输尿管畸形或术后膀胱输尿管返流时，应采用输尿管膀胱抗返流手术。     

脊髓海绵状血管瘤的诊治特点

目的：探讨脊髓海绵状血管瘤的诊治方法和特点，方法：1991－2001年治疗脊髓海绵状血管瘤22例，均进行MRI检查，16例行全脊髓血管造影，全组均经后背正中直切口显微手术治疗，结果：22例均为单发，1例术前未能明确诊断，术后证实为海绵状血管瘤，颈段8例，颈胸段6例，胸段4例，腰段2例，圆锥马尾部位2例。MR1显示团块状短T1长T2信号，中间由点条状长T1短T2信号分隔，形成桑葚状混杂信号团，周边绕以低信号团，尤以T2WI显著，随访3个月－2年，全组均未见复发，12例术后功能明显恢复。结论：MRI是脊髓海绵状血管瘤前最可靠的诊断方法。全脊髓血管造影可以排除其它脊髓血管畸形，显微手术切除是脊髓海绵状血管瘤的优选治疗方法，术中精细的显微操作是手术成功的关键。     

超声乳化白内障摘除手术中小瞳孔的处理

目的探讨小瞳孔白内障的手术方法、效果、并发症及其处理.方法本组对近5年来完成的188例由于炎症、抗青光眼手术以后、外伤、糖尿病等引起的小瞳孔白内障病人进行回顾性分析.本组病人均采用超声乳化摘除法,手术中没有用辅助的扩瞳器,采用的是人工机械性扩大瞳孔,超声乳化的技巧是弹性法和劈裂法.结果手术后病人的瞳孔都有不同程度的扩大,但一般都不大于5mm且成规则状.有半数病人有不同程度的手术后角膜水肿,1周后自行恢复;极个别的病人角膜水肿恢复时间比较长,但未发现角膜失代偿.还有少数病人有后囊破裂,悬韧带断裂,玻璃体脱出.结论对于有经验的医师超声乳化手术在小瞳孔白内障的处理是安全有效的,可以获得如同正常瞳孔的白内障相同的效果.