乳腺X射线摄影中受检者辐射剂量评估研究进展

乳腺X射线摄影在乳腺癌的筛查和诊疗中发挥了重要作用, 但X射线的使用在提高乳腺癌检出率的同时也会增加乳腺癌的发病风险, 这种风险随着辐射剂量的增加而变大。乳房腺体组织是辐射敏感组织, 国际社会非常关注乳腺X射线摄影检查中受检者平均腺体剂量的评估。传统的二维乳腺X射线摄影和数字乳腺体层合成摄影中受检者剂量学研究已较为成熟, 较新的乳腺锥形束CT扫描中受检者剂量的评估方法尚在研究阶段。本文对不同类型乳腺X射线摄影检查设备中受检者辐射剂量的评估方法及辐射剂量相关影响因素的研究现状进行综述和探讨。     

腹膜后去分化脂肪肉瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的：探讨腹膜后去分化脂肪肉瘤（dedifferentiated liposarcoma,DDL）的CT及MRI表现,旨在提高对腹膜后DDL的认识和术前诊断的准确率。方法：回顾性分析2012年1月至2022年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院经病理证实的25例腹膜后DDL患者的临床及影像学特征。结果：25例患者中单发19例、多发6例,10例呈类圆（椭圆）形、15例呈不规则形,患者中病变多数边界不清,15例侵犯周围组织器官。25例患者中15例可见增粗扭曲血管影、7例可见钙化或骨化、仅3例可见囊变坏死。CT或MRI增强扫描呈“慢进慢出”的向心性、渐进性持续强化特点。根据其CT和MRI表现分为两型：Ⅰ型（软组织肿块型）肿瘤为软组织成分肿块,内不见脂肪成分（14例）;Ⅱ型（含脂型）肿瘤内同时见软组织成分及脂肪成分,两者大多界限清楚,较少呈镶嵌状,异常脂肪区域内可见索条状纤维间隔,其中以瘤内脂肪成分<50%为Ⅱa型（10例）,瘤内脂肪成分≥50%为Ⅱb型（1例）。结论：结合影像学分型,综合分析腹膜后DDL的CT和MRI影像学特点,对其术前定性诊断有重要价值。     

原发性肺淋巴上皮瘤样癌的CT表现及文献复习

目的 探讨原发性肺淋巴上皮瘤样癌（LELC）的CT表现及鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析我院经手术病理证实的8例原发性肺LELC的临床病理及CT资料,并复习相关文献。结果 CT主要表现为单发的类圆形肿块,中央型1例,周围型7例;其中右肺5例,左肺3例;直径2.0～7.3cm,平均直径(4.1±1.6)cm;边界清楚,密度多均匀,4例边缘呈浅分叶状,1例伴血管包埋征,6例伴有纵膈及肺门淋巴结肿大。增强扫描,本组8例均表现为轻度或中度不均匀强化,2例伴小斑片状液化坏死。结论 原发性肺LELC的CT表现有一定特征性,但单凭CT诊断仍有一定困难,最终确诊还需依靠手术病理及免疫组化分析。     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤15例影像学分析

目的提高胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的15例浆液性囊腺瘤的CT(10例)和MRI(5例)特点。结果肿瘤最大径2.1～7.2 cm,平均4.6 cm;微囊型10例,由大量微囊(直径<2 cm)组成伴纤维间隔,呈蜂窝状或海绵状外观;寡囊型2例,由少数(个数<6)和大囊(直径>2 cm)构成,伴少许纤维间隔;混合型3例,内部表现同微囊型,伴周围大囊(直径>2 cm)。15例肿瘤均呈分叶状,边界清楚,5例中央见星芒状瘢痕组织,1例伴钙化。肿瘤囊壁薄(厚度<2 mm),囊内纤维间隔(厚度<3 mm)及中央瘢痕呈延迟强化。结论胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤CT和MRI表现具有一定特征性。分叶状、边界清楚的分房状肿物伴间隔延迟强化为其影像学特征性表现。     

特发性间质性肺炎的影像学诊断进展

特发性间质性肺炎(idiopathic interstitial pneu-monia,ⅡP)为原因不明的一组肺间质性疾病的总称,其分类及诊断标准一直比较混乱,人们对此缺乏统一的认识。近10年来,由于环境污染的日益加重,室内小环境的明显恶化,病毒感染的概率日渐增     

乳腺癌肉瘤三例

乳腺癌肉瘤罕见，术前常误诊。笔者报道经手术病理证实的乳腺癌肉瘤3例，回顾性分析其X线表现。     

中国汉族成人额叶体积的高分辨率MRI测量

Objective To explore the normal range of the volume of frontal lobe in Chinese adults of the Han nationality and provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain. Methods This is a clinical multi-center study. Two hundred Chinese healthy volunteers (age range= 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i. e. , age range from 18 to 30, age range from 31 to 40, age range from 41 to 50, age range from 51 to 60, and age range from 61 to 70. Each group contained 20 males and 20 females. All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted threedimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence. We used the manual method to trace the region of interest and measured the left and right frontal lobe volumes separately. All the data were analyzed with SPSS (version 13.0). The sex differences in the frontal lobe volumes were analyzed by independent-samples t test, and the side differences were analyzed by paired-samples t test. Correlation and regression analysis was used between the age and the frontal lobe volumes. Results In 200 healthy Chinese Han volunteers, the total frontal lobe volumes was (563 ± 73) cm3. For male, the volumes of the left and the right frontal lobe were (288±42) cm3 and (292 ±41 ) cm3 ,respectively. The volumes of the left and right frontal lobe in 100 women were (273 ±30) cm3 and (274 ± 30) cm3 respectively. The differences of sex (t = 3. 334, P < 0. 05 ) and side ( t = - 3.09, P < 0. 05 ) in the total frontal lobe volumes reach significant. There was no significant differences in women ( t = - 1. 304, P > 0. 05 ). There were negative correlations between the frontal lobe volumes and age in men and women ( r = - 0. 586, - 0. 498, P <0. 01 ). Conclusions The total frontal lobe volume of men was larger than that of women. The volume of the right frontal lobe was larger than the left frontal lobe in men, and the asymmetries didn't exist in women.The total frontal lobe volumes were both shrinking with age in men and women, which was more rapid in men than in women.     

胰腺囊性病变的影像学诊断现状

由于多层螺旋CT的普及，胰腺囊性病变的检出率明显增多。造成胰腺囊性表现的病种繁多，包括先天性、炎症性、寄生虫性及肿瘤性等。就其各类病变的影像学特征及鉴别要点予以综述。     

乳腺错构瘤的钼靶X线诊断

目的:评价乳腺错构瘤的X线征象及病理学基础,以期从影像学角度提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的乳腺错构瘤的X线片与病理。结果:X线表现分3型:混合型11例,致密型3例,脂肪型4例。结论:乳腺错构瘤的X线表现与其病灶内的低密度脂肪及高密度的腺体组织、纤维组织所占的比例有关。混杂密度改变是本病的特征性X线表现。X线检查是发现本病的好方法,确诊需临床、X线及病理相结合。     

磁共振波谱在乳腺肿瘤中的应用现状及展望

随着磁共振波谱技术的发展,在活体无创地显示乳腺良恶性肿瘤及正常组织代谢和生化信息已成为可能,与其他MR技术相结合,可提高乳腺肿瘤诊断的准确率.就磁共振波谱技术的研究背景、成像原理、技术以及在乳腺肿瘤中的应用价值、目前存在的问题和发展前景进行综述.